A&P Exam II

The heart beats approximately ________ times each day. a)1,000 b)10,000 c)100,000 d)1,000,000 e)10,000,000

c)100,000

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect a)a rise in hematocrit. b)a drop in oxygen levels. c)the release of erythropoietin. d)All of the answers are correct. e)None of the answers is correct.

d)All of the answers are correct.

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is a)FSH. b)OXT. c)TSH. d)ACTH. e)ADH.

e)ADH.

The secretion of which hormone lowers blood glucose concentration? (Module 16.11B) a)cortisol b)glucagon c)insulin d)pancreatic polypeptide hormone e)peptide hormone like GH-IH

c)insulin

Identify the five types of white blood cells. (Module 17.9A) a)neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes b)astrocytes, microglial cells, Kuppfer cells, lymphocytes, and ependymal cells c)plasma cells, memory B cells, memory T cells, cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells d)monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes e)mast cells, dendritic cells, erythrocytes, platelets, and basophils

a)neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the a)neutrophils. b)lymphocytes. c)eosinophils. d)basophils. e)monocytes.

a)neutrophils.

Coronary veins empty into the a)right atrium. b)right ventricle. c)left atrium. d)left ventricle. e)conus arteriosus.

a)right atrium.

The wall(s) of the ________ rest(s) on the diaphragm. a)right ventricle b)left ventricle c)right atrium d)left atrium e)right and left ventricles

a)right ventricle

When blood is fractionated, its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis. a)separated b)returned to the body c)combined d)lysed e)marked

a)separated

The testes produce a)testosterone. b)estrogen. c)FSH. d)progesterone. e)LH.

a)testosterone.

The amount of blood returning to the heart is the a)venous return. b)preload. c)afterload. d)end-diastolic volume. e)stroke volume.

a)venous return.

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume. a)45; 55 b)50; 50 c)55; 92 d)92; 7 e)92; 55

c)55; 92

The T wave on an ECG tracing represents a)ventricular contraction. b)atrial depolarization. c)ventricular repolarization. d)atrial repolarization. e)ventricular depolarization.

c)ventricular repolarization.

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except a)the ability to absorb heat from active skeletal muscles. b)the ability to neutralize acids. c)viscosity about the same as water. d)a built-in system for clotting. e)deep red color.

c)viscosity about the same as water.

Intercalated discs serve to transfer all of the following from cell to cell except a)action potentials. b)small molecules. c)ionic currents. d)the force of contraction. e)Z-lines.

e)Z-lines.

The bicuspid, or mitral, valve is located a)in the opening of the pulmonary trunk. b)between the right atrium and right ventricle.w c)here the venae cavae join the right atrium. d)in the opening of the aorta. e)between the left atrium and left ventricle.

e)between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called a)gonadotropins. b)releasing hormones. c)eicosanoids. d)inhibiting hormones. e)steroids.

a)gonadotropins.

All of the following blood diseases are caused by pathogens except a)hemophilia. b)viremia. c)malaria. d)septicemia. e)bacteremia.

a)hemophilia.

Which heart chamber receives blood from the lungs? a)left atrium b)left ventricle c)right ventricle d)right atrium

a)left atrium

Identify the two types of leukemia. (Module 17.11B) a)myeloid leukemia and lymphoid leukemia b)spontaneous leukemia and inherited leukemia c)hyperchromic leukemia and hypochromic leukemia d)microcytic leukemia and macrocytic leukemia e)bacterial leukemia and viral leukemia

a)myeloid leukemia and lymphoid leukemia

Why can't a person with type A blood safely receive blood from a person with type B blood? (Module 17.7D) a)A person with type A blood will have anti-A antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood. b)A person with type A blood will have anti-B platelets that will cause abnormal clotting with type B blood. c)A person with type A blood will have anti-A platelets that will cause abnormal clotting with type B blood. d)A person with type A blood will have anti-AB antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood. e)A person with type A blood will have anti-B antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood.

?e)A person with type A blood will have anti-B antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood.

There are _______ pulmonary veins a)8 b)4 c)6 d)2 e)10

B)4

The ________ is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the beginning of systole. a)end-diastolic volume b)stroke volume c)preload d)afterload e)end-systolic volume

a)end-diastolic volume

As the heart rate slows, ________ get(s) longer. a)diastole b)systole c)systole and diastole d)None of the answers is correct.

a)diastole

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters. a)5 to 6 b)3 c)10 d)6 to 8 e)4

a)5 to 6

The heart pumps approximately ________ milliliters of blood each minute. a)6,000 b)50,000 c)20,000 d)15,000 e)100,000

a)6,000

Define hormone receptor. (Module 16.4A) a)A hormone receptor is a protein located outside or inside the cell that binds with a specific hormone. b)A hormone receptor is a protein located within the cell that binds with a specific hormone. c)A hormone receptor is a protein located outside the cell that causes depolarization of the cell upon specific hormone binding. d)A hormone receptor is protein that causes the release of neurotransmitters upon specific hormone binding. e)A hormone receptor is a protein located outside the cell that binds with a specific hormone.

a)A hormone receptor is a protein located outside or inside the cell that binds with a specific hormone.

Define synergistic effect. (Module 16.14A) a)A synergistic effect is when two hormones have an effect where the net result is greater than the sum of the hormones' individual effects. b)A synergistic effect is when one hormone is available it will block the effects of a second hormone. c)A synergistic effect is when two hormones produce different but complementary effects in specific tissues or organs. d)A synergistic effect is when one hormone is needed for a second hormone to produce its effect. e)A synergistic effect is when two hormones exhibit opposing actions.

a)A synergistic effect is when two hormones have an effect where the net result is greater than the sum of the hormones' individual effects.

Define hemostasis. (Module 17.10A) a)Hemostasis is the process of stopping bleeding. b)Hemostasis is the production of new blood components in the red bone marrow. c)Hemostasis is the maintenance of relatively normal internal conditions in the face of a changing external environment. d)Hemostasis is the regulation of the hormones that control blood composition. e)Hemostasis is an antigen-antibody binding response that alerts the immune system to a non-self antigen.

a)Hemostasis is the process of stopping bleeding.

Define endocrine system. (Module 16.3A) a)The endocrine system includes organs whose primary role is the production of hormones or paracrines. b)The endocrine system includes organs whose primary role is the initiation and propagation of electrical impulses. c)The endocrine system includes organs whose primary role is the digestion and absorption of nutrients. d)The endocrine system includes organs whose primary role is the cleaning of blood. e)The endocrine system includes organs whose primary role is the transport of gases, nutrients, and wastes around the body.

a)The endocrine system includes organs whose primary role is the production of hormones or paracrines.

Describe the heart's location in the body. (Module 18.2B) a)The heart is surrounded by the pericardium in the anterior mediastinum, deep to the sternum and superior to the diaphragm. b)The heart is surrounded by the mediastinum in the anterior pericardium, deep to the sternum and superior to the diaphragm. c)The heart is surrounded by the pleural cavity in the anterior mediastinum, deep to the lungs and superior to the diaphragm. d)The heart is surrounded by the pleural cavity in the posterior mediastinum, deep to the sternum and inferior to the diaphragm. e)The heart is surrounded by the pericardium in the posterior mediastinum, deep to the lungs and superior to the diaphragm.

a)The heart is surrounded by the pericardium in the anterior mediastinum, deep to the sternum and superior to the diaphragm.

Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the right ventricle? (Module 18.6A) a)The left ventricle must generate enough force to propel blood through the systemic circuit, whereas the right ventricle must generate only enough force to propel blood the short distance from the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary circuit. b)The left ventricle is supplied with more coronary vasculature so it hypertrophies over time, whereas the right ventricle receives less blood so it atrophies over time. c)The left ventricle pumps a higher volume of blood to the systemic circuit than the volume of blood the right ventricle pumps to the pulmonary circuit. d)The left ventricle began forming earlier in development so it grew larger than the right ventricle. e)The left ventricle supplies blood to the brain and vital organs so it must be more reliable than the right ventricle which supplies blood to the limbs.

a)The left ventricle must generate enough force to propel blood through the systemic circuit, whereas the right ventricle must generate only enough force to propel blood the short distance from the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary circuit.

After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect a)an increased reticulocyte count. b)an increased neutrophil count. c)increased levels of clotting factors. d)an increased platelet count. e)an increased erythrocyte count.

a)an increased reticulocyte count.

What superficial landmark identifies the boundary between the left and right ventricles? a)anterior interventricular sulcus b)coronary sulcus c)auricle d)ligamentum arteriosum

a)anteriror interventricular sulcus

The inferior point of the heart is called the a)apex. b)inferior border. c)left border. d)right border. e)base.

a)apex.

Which blood type consists of plasma containing both anti-A and anti-B antibodies? a)type A b)type O c)type AB d)type B

b)type O

Two hormones that have opposing effects are called a)synergists b).antagonists. c)permissive d).agonists. e)additive.

b).antagonists.

What condition is characterized by increased body weight due to Na+ and water retention and a low blood K+ concentration? (Module 16.18C) a)Cushing's disease b)Aldosteronism c)Grave's disease d)diabetes insipidus e)diabetes mellitus

b)Aldosteronism

Define diabetes mellitus. (Module 16.13A) a)Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by reduced blood glucose levels. b)Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. c)Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood calcium levels. d)Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by fluid retention and excretion of small volumes of concentrated urine. e)Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by excessive thirst and extremely large volumes of dilute urine.

b)Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels.

Define hematocrit. (Module 17.2B) a)Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by platelets. b)Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements. c)Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by plasma. d)Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by water.e)Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by white blood cells.

b)Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements.

Describe hemoglobin. (Module 17.5B) a)Hemoglobin is a protein inside platelets that when activated makes them sticky. b)Hemoglobin is a protein inside RBCs that binds oxygen. c)Hemoglobin is a lysosomal enzyme inside white blood cells that digests pathogens after phagocytosis. d)Hemoglobin is a protein inside RBCs that helps maintain their flexibility. e)Hemoglobin is an enzyme inside RBCs that converts carbon dioxide to carbonic acid.

b)Hemoglobin is a protein inside RBCs that binds oxygen.

Describe the functional aspects of RBCs. (Module 17.5A) a)RBCs have a small surface area — to — volume ratio,are spherical in shape, and stick easily to each other. b)RBCs have a large surface area — to — volume ratio,exhibit the ability to form stacks, and they are flexible. c)RBCs have pseudopodia to allow motility, are spherical in shape, and roll easily across the endothelium of blood vessels. d)RBCs have a lot of mitochondria for ATP production, undergo rapid cell division, and are flexible. e)RBCs have a large surface area — to — volume ratio,have sticky plasma membranes, and are rigid discs.

b)RBCs have a large surface area — to — volume ratio,exhibit the ability to form stacks, and they are flexible.

The most common form of hemolytic disease of the newborn happens after a __________ woman has carried a __________ fetus. a)Rh+, Rh- b)Rh-, Rh+ c)Rh+, Rh+ d)Rh -, Rh-

b)Rh-, Rh+

Why is RhoGAM administered to pregnant Rh women ? (Module 17.8B) a)RhoGAM contains proteins that surround the fetal RBCs and protect them from attack by maternal antibodies. b)RhoGAM contains anti-Rh antibodies, which circulate in the mothers' bloodstream to destroy any fetal RBCs there, thereby preventing the mother from making antibodies against the developing fetus's red blood cells. c)RhoGAM will change the fetus's blood type to Rh. d)RhoGAM contains Rh antigens so the mothers' antibodies can attack the RhoGAM antigens, instead of the fetus's blood cells. e)RhoGAM will change the mother's blood type to Rh+.

b)RhoGAM contains anti-Rh antibodies, which circulate in the mothers' bloodstream to destroy any fetal RBCs there, thereby preventing the mother from making antibodies against the developing fetus's red blood cells.

Why does tetany not occur in cardiac muscle? a)Tetany does not occur because the gap junctions in cardiac muscle prevent the sustained contraction. b)Tetany does not occur because cardiac muscle has a long refractory period that continues until relaxation is well under way so summation cannot occur, and thus tetany cannot occur. c)Tetany does not occur because cardiac muscle cells are branched instead of lying in parallel fibers like skeletal muscle. d)Tetany does not occur because the depolarizations in cardiac muscle are not sufficient to cause the formation of action potentials. E)Tetany does not occur because the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle does not hold as much calcium for maximum sustained contractions.

b)Tetany does not occur because cardiac muscle has a long refractory period that continues until relaxation is well under way so summation cannot occur, and thus tetany cannot occur.

Which condition would a patient have if she had a depressed hematocrit level? (Module 17.4C) a)erythrocytosis b)anemia c)thrombocytopenia d)polycythemia e)reticulocytosis

b)anemia

What is the first phase of the cardiac cycle? a)ventricular diastole b)atrial systole c)ventricular systole d)atrial diastole

b)atrial systole

All of the following are targets for insulin except a)cardiac and smooth muscle. b)blood cells. c)skeletal muscle. d)adipocytes. e)liver cells.

b)blood cells.

Calcitonin: a)increases renal reabsorption of sodium and water, especially in the presence of ADH. b)can be administered clinically to treat several metabolic disorders associated with elevated calcium levels and excessive bone formation. c)results in polyuria when underproduced. d)enhances the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys.

b)can be administered clinically to treat several metabolic disorders associated with elevated calcium levels and excessive bone formation.

The endocrine system works most closely with the ________ system to maintain homeostasis. a)reproductive b)cardiovascular c)lymphatic d)skeletal e)muscular

b)cardiovascular

Which of the following is NOT one of the three phases of hemostasis? a)vascular b)fibrinous c)platelet d)coagulation

b)fibrinous

The ________ separate(s) the two ventricles. a)foramen ovale b)interventricular septum c)atrioventricular valves d)interatrial septum e)moderator band

b)interventricular septum

Name the four chambers of the heart. (Module 18.1C) a)left superior chamber, right superior chamber, left inferior chamber, right inferior chamber b)left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle c)superior lesser chamber, inferior lesser chamber, superior greater chamber, inferior greater chamber d)superior pulmonary chamber, inferior pulmonary chamber, superior systemic chamber, inferior systemic chamber e)superior atrium, inferior atrium, superior ventricle, inferior ventricle

b)left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle

The condition known as goiter can result from too a)little glucagon. b)little iodine in the diet. c)much ACTH. d)little TSH. e)much insulin.

b)little iodine in the diet.

Name the hormones secreted by the heart. (Module 16.15A) a)thrombopoietin b)natriuretic peptides c)erythropoietin d)antidiuretic hormone e)thymosin

b)natriuretic peptides

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of a)thrombocytes. b)neutrophils. c)reticulocytes. d)eosinophils. e)basophils.

b)neutrophils.

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are a)luteinizing hormone. b)oxytocin. c)prolactin. d)oxytocin and luteinizing hormone.

b)oxytocin.

The right atrium receives blood from all of the following except the a)coronary sinus. b)pulmonary veins. c)superior vena cava. d)inferior vena cava.

b)pulmonary veins.

Which is a function of melatonin in humans? a)stimulates reproductive function b)sets circadian rhythms c)stimulates the melanocytes of the skin d)stimulates the release of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex

b)sets circadian rhythms

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because a)their blood cells lack A and B antigens. b)their blood lacks A or B antibodies. c)they are usually Rh negative. d)their blood is plentiful in A and B antibodies. d)they usually have very strong immune systems.

b)their blood lacks A or B antibodies.

Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called a)ligamentum arteriosum. b)trabeculae carneae. c)pectinate muscles. d)fossa ovalis. e)None of the answers is correct.

b)trabeculae carneae.

Define heart failure. (Module 18.16A) a)Heart failure is the inability of the heart to keep a normal heart rhythm. b)Heart failure is a condition in which one or more valves fail to prevent regurgitation of blood. c)Heart failure is a condition where the heart can no longer meet the oxygen and nutrient demands of peripheral tissues. d)Heart failure is a blockage in one of the coronary arteries that prevents blood flow to the coronary tissue. e)Heart failure is a condition of an abnormally slow heart rate.

c)Heart failure is a condition where the heart can no longer meet the oxygen and nutrient demands of peripheral tissues.

What is the most common blood type in the United States? (Module 17.7B) a)A+ b)B+ c)O+ d)O- e)AB+

c)O+

Type O+ blood cannot be given to a type __________ recipient. a)O+ b)AB+ c)O- d)A+

c)O-

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is a)TSH. b)FSH. c)PRL d)ACTH. e)GH.

c)PRL

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false? a)Red cells are biconcave discs. b)Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux. c)Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter. d)Red cells lack mitochondria. e)Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen.

c)Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter.

Which blood type(s) can be safely transfused into a person with type O- blood? (Module 17.7C) a)AB+, AB-, O+, O- b)O+ and O- c)They can receive only O- blood. d)They can receive any type of blood. e)They can receive any type of Rh negative blood.

c)They can receive only O- blood.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if a)the diet is deficient in iron. b)hemolysis is prevented by a bad gene. c)a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal. d)there is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin. e)red blood cells bind too much oxygen.

c)a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

List the phases of the cardiac cycle. (Module 18.10A) a)ventricular systole and ventricular diastole b)atrial diastole and ventricular diastole c)atrial systole, atrial diastole, ventricular systole, ventricular diastole d)atrial systole and ventricular systole e)atrial systole, ventricular systole, ventricular diastole

c)atrial systole, atrial diastole, ventricular systole, ventricular diastole

The earlike extension of the atrium is the a)ventricle. b)coronary sinus. c)auricle. d)coronary sulcus. e)atricle.

c)auricle.

The heart is innervated by ________ nerves. a)neither parasympathetic nor sympathetic b)parasympathetic c)both parasympathetic and sympathetic d)sympathetic e)somatomotor

c)both parasympathetic and sympathetic

The function of the atrium is to a)pump blood to the lungs. b)collect blood. c)collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle. d)pump blood into the systemic circuit. e)pump blood to the ventricle.

c)collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle.

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the a)infundibulum. b)follicle. c)cortex. d)medulla. e)lobe.

c)cortex.

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from a)depolarization of the SA node. b)depolarization of the AV node. c)depolarization of the atria. d)depolarization of the ventricles. e)repolarization of the atria.

c)depolarization of the atria.

A hematocrit provides information on a)plasma composition b)sedimentation rate c)formed elements abundance d)blood type e)clotting factors

c)formed elements abundance

When blood glucose levels fall, a)peripheral cells take up more glucose. b)glucagon is released and protein synthesis increases. c)glucagon is released. d)insulin is released. e)protein synthesis increases.

c)glucagon is released.

The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus contain all of the following except a)arteries. b)veins. c)nerves. d)fat. e)None of the answers is correct.

c)nerves.

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is a)thyroid hormone. b)growth hormone. c)parathyroid hormone. d)insulin. e)glucagon.

c)parathyroid hormone.

The cavity that contains only the heart is the a)mediastinum. b)thoracic cavity. c)pericardial cavity. d)pleural cavity. e)anterior cavity.

c)pericardial cavity.

Which blood disorder involves a deficiency of Vitamin B12? a)sickle cell anemia b)leukemia c)pernicious anemia d)malaria

c)pernicious anemia

An elevated hematocrit value is termed a)macrocytic. b)reticulocytosis. c)polycythemia. d)anemia. e)hyperchromic.

c)polycythemia.

As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk. a)inferior vena cava b)pulmonary veins c)pulmonary valve d)superior vena cava e)aorta

c)pulmonary valve

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is a)excreted by the intestines. b)excreted by the kidneys. c)recycled to red bone marrow. d)excreted by the liver. e)stored in yellow bone marrow.

c)recycled to red bone marrow.

Identify the correct sequence for blood flow through the heart. a)left ventricle, trabeculae carneae, aortic valve, aorta b)pulmonary arteries, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle c)right ventricle, through pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries d)right atrium, coronary sinus, right ventricle, pulmonary valve

c)right ventricle, through pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries

Which type of hormone diffuses across the plasma membrane and binds to receptors in the cytoplasm? (Module 16.4C) a)most eicosanoids b)peptide hormones c)steroid hormones d)catecholamines e)thyroid hormones

c)steroid hormones

A faster-than-normal heart rate is called a)fibrillation. b)bradycardia. c)tachycardia. d)premature contractions. e)None of the answers is correct.

c)tachycardia.

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in a)the wall of the left ventricle. b)the Purkinje fibers. c)the sinoatrial node. d)the atrioventricular node. e)both the left and right ventricles.

c)the sinoatrial node.

Which blood type contains RBCs with surface antigen B only and plasma that contains only anti-A antibodies? a)type O b)type A c)type B d)type AB

c)type B

The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones? a)3 b)5 c)7 d)9 e)16

d)9

What is hematology? (Module 17.4A) a)Hematology is the study of cancers of the blood. b)Hematology is the study of the heart. c)Hematology is the study of the immune system. d)Hematology is the study of blood, blood-producing organs, and blood disorders. e)Hematology is the study of blood vessel structure and function.

d)Hematology is the study of blood, blood-producing organs, and blood disorders.

Describe the location and position of the heart. (Module 18.1A) a)The heart is located near the anterior chest wall, below the diaphragm. b)The heart is located near the posterior chest wall, directly beside the vertebral column. c)The heart is located near the right lateral chest wall. d)The heart is located near the anterior chest wall, directly behind the sternum. e)The heart is located near the stomach in the abdominopelvic cavity.

d)The heart is located near the anterior chest wall, directly behind the sternum.

Which of the following is false concerning monocytes? a)are long-lived b)become macrophages c)enter tissues and wander d)about same size as basophils e)can phagocytize bacteria

d)about same size as basophils

Name the two lobes of the pituitary gland. (Module 16.6A) a)greater lobe and lesser lobe b)superior lobe and inferior lobe c)medial lobe and lateral lobe d)anterior lobe and posterior lobe e)caudate lobe and quadrate lobe

d)anterior lobe and posterior lobe

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood? a)basophils b)platelets c)RBCs d)antibodies e)lymphocytes

d)antibodies

A person with Type A blood has a)anti-B antibodies in the plasma and anti-A antibodies on the red blood cells. b)anti-B antibodies in the plasma. c)antigen A on the RBCs. d)antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma. e)anti-A antibodies on the red blood cells.

d)antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is a)parathyroid hormone. b)glucagon. c)thyroxine. d)calcitonin. e)oxytocin.

d)calcitonin.

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as a)mitral valve prolapse. b)pericarditis. c)pleural effusion. d)cardiac tamponade. e)cardiomyopathy.

d)cardiac tamponade.

Platelets are a)large cells with a prominent, conclave nucleus b)tiny cells with a polynucleus c)blue cells that have a nucleus d)cytoplasmic fragments of large cells e)red cells that lack a nucleus

d)cytoplasmic fragments of large cells

Which of the following are the most abundant of the formed elements? a)globulins b)leukocytes c)platelets d)erythrocytes

d)erythrocytes

Red cell production is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called a)renin b)estrogen. c)colony-stimulating factor. d)erythropoietin (EPO). e)fibrin.

d)erythropoietin (EPO).

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is a)insulin. b)MSH. c)prolactin. d)growth hormone. e)ACTH.

d)growth hormone.

Identify the components of the cardiovascular system. (Module 17.1A) a)blood and blood vessels b)heart and blood vessels c)blood vessels and lymphatic vessels d)heart, blood, and blood vessels e)heart and blood

d)heart, blood, and blood vessels

________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. a)neuropeptides b)neurotransmitters c)paracrine factors d)hormones e)none of the answers is correct

d)hormones

The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by all of the following except a)inability to maintain adequate fluid and electrolyte balance. b)increased ability to produce glucose from glycogen. c)increased pumping effectiveness of the heart. d)increase sweat gland secretions. e)decreased resistance to disease and infection.

d)increase sweat gland secretions.

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the a)left ventricle. b)conus arteriosus. c)right ventricle. d)left atrium. e)right atrium.

d)left atrium.

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin? a)polyuria b)high blood glucose c)glycosuria d)low blood glucose e)ketoacidosis

d)low blood glucose

Cardiac muscle cells are __________. a)nonstriated in appearance b)multinucleated, with a low demand for nutrients c)almost totally dependent on anaerobic metabolism d)mechanically, chemically, and electrically connected to one another

d)mechanically, chemically, and electrically connected to one another

The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the a)cortex. b)lobe. c)follicle. d)medulla. e)infundibulum.

d)medulla.

PRL is to ________ as ACTH is to ________. a)oxytocin; mammotropin b)gonadotropin; mammotropin c)oxytocin; cortisol d)prolactin; corticotropin

d)prolactin; corticotropin

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in a)the liver. b)lymphoid tissue. c)yellow bone marrow. d)red bone marrow. e)the spleen.

d)red bone marrow.

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the a)left ventricle. b)right ventricle. c)conus arteriosus. d)right atrium. e)left atrium.

d)right atrium.

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked, a)the ventricles will beat faster. b)the ventricular beat will remain unchanged. c)cardiac output will increase. d)the ventricles will beat more slowly. e)All of the answers are correct.

d)the ventricles will beat more slowly.

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is a)24 hours. b)about 1 year. c)1 month. d)many years. e)4 months.

e)4 months.

Define autorhythmicity. (Module 18.12A) a)Autorhythmicity is the ability of the heart to relax after each contraction. b)Autorhythmicity is the ability of the heart to contract with hormonal stimulation. c)Autorhythmicity is the ability of the heart to contract with neural stimulation. d)Autorhythmicity is the ability of the heart to respond to sympathetic stimulation. e)Autorhythmicity is the ability of the heart to contract without neural or hormonal stimulation.

e)Autorhythmicity is the ability of the heart to contract without neural or hormonal stimulation.

What is the common goal of the nervous and endocrine systems? (Module 16.1A) a)To send chemical messengers though the bloodstream to the cells of the body. b)To increase cellular reactions in all the cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems of the body. c)To send electrical impulses throughout the body. d)To transport gases, regulate pH, and control fluid volumes in the body. e)To coordinate and regulate the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

e)To coordinate and regulate the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

The function of red blood cells is to a)defend the body against infectious organisms. b)carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the body's cells. c)carry oxygen from the body's cells to the lungs. d)carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. e)carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.

e)carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.

The first heart sound "lubb" is associated with a)opening of the mitral valve b)opening of the aortic valve c)closing of the aortic valve d)closing of the pulmonary valve e)closing of the mitral valve

e)closing of the mitral valve

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries. a)carotid b)subclavian c)pulmonary d)circumflex e)coronary

e)coronary

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is FALSE? a)it is regulated by negative feedback mechanisms b)it releases secretions directly into body fluids c)it affects only cells with appropriate receptors d)it has target cells that are mainly in distant tissues e)it releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream

e)it releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream

RBCs typically live about 120 days. The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their a)flexibility. b)concentration of Hb. c)large surface area-to-volume ratio. d)cell shape. e)lack of nucleus.

e)lack of nucleus.

All of the following are components of the cardiovascular system except a)blood. b)heart. c)arteries. d)capillaries. e)lymph vessels.

e)lymph vessels.

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called a)myeloblasts. b)normoblasts. c)erythroblasts. d)lymphoblasts. e)megakaryocytes.

e)megakaryocytes.

A cancer involving neutrophils, eosinophils, or basophils is called a a)lymphoid leukemia. b)pernicious anemia. c)jaundice. d)hemophilia. e)myeloid leukemia.

e)myeloid leukemia.

The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium. a)right coronary artery b)left coronary artery c)superior vena cava d)right coronary vein e)right coronary artery and left coronary artery

e)right coronary artery and left coronary artery

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the a)left atrium. b)pulmonary veins. c)pulmonary trunk. d)aorta. e)right ventricle.

e)right ventricle.

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by a)altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary. b)direct neural stimulation. c)indirect osmotic control. d)gap synaptic junctions. e)secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.

e)secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.

The normal pH of blood is a)extremely alkaline. b)extremely acidic. c)slightly acidic. d)neutral. e)slightly alkaline.

e)slightly alkaline.

The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney. a)pituitary b)thyroid c)parathyroid d)salivary e)suprarenal

e)suprarenal