A&P Final
Which of these types of channels is involved in leaking sodium and potassium ions across the membrane in order to establish the resting potential of a cell?
A
Which pelvis in the diagram shows the characteristics of a female pelvis?
A
An autonomic effector organ would be the
A & B only
Where in the diagram can you find red bone marrow in an adult?
A and B
In the diagram, a tendon is formed by the merging of the following structures.
A, C, and BB
Which neurotransmitter is released at the autonomic ganglion by the preganglionic neuron in the diagram?
Acetylcholine
Which plane is oblique?
D
Which of the light micrographs in the figure above shows a stratified cuboidal epithelium?
E
Which plane is frontal?
E
In the diagram of the femur, what letters indicate the lateral epicondyles?
E and K
Which of the following parts of a nervous reflex arc is usually a muscle or gland?
Effector
This layer of the skin is composed of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Epidermis
Glands are always derived from this type of tissue.
Epithelial
In the diagram, where is the Volkmann's (perforating) canal?
F
Where is the supraspinatus?
F
Which cranial nerve in the diagram innervates the lateral rectus muscle?
F
Which letter indicates the stratum spinosum?
F
Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that produces and assists in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid?
F
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram consists of thick bundles of collagen fibers that extend into the extracellular bone matrix and numerous osteoblasts for growth in diameter of the bone?
F
Which structure in the figure is a receptor sensitive to pressure?
F
Which structure in the pelvis is the sciatic notch?
F
Which nerves labeled in the diagram form the sciatic nerve?
F and G
Which of the following cranial nerves is primarily responsible for changing facial expressions?
Facial
A tract in the CNS is a bundle of nerve cell bodies?
False
Beta adrenergic receptors respond most strongly to acetylcholine.
False
Dense regular connective tissue is found in areas that are subject to tension forces in many directions.
False
Most of the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell is occupied by mitochondria.
False
Of the 24 vertebrae, 12 of them have transverse foramina.
False
The "U" in the acronym "SLUDD" stands for "Ubiquitous"
False
The diameter of an axon has no affect on the speed of nerve transmission.
False
The fibula is the weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.
False
The heart is considered superficial to the stomach
False
The most widely scattered and heterogeneous tissue in the human body is epithelial.
False
The outermost covering of spinal cord is the pia mater.
False
The true ribs articulate with the spinous process of each of the thoracic vertebrae
False
The two main types of adrenergic receptors are nicotinic and muscarinic.
False
There are only three types of neurotransmitters in the human body
False
This extension of the dura mater separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.
Falx cerebri
The pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs are composed of this type of connective tissue.
Fibrocartilage
Which of the following types of neurons conduct impulses from the peripheral somatic sensory receptors to the brain stem or spinal cord?
First order neuron
Which following types of bone is the occipital bone?
Flat bone
This portion of the cerebellum contributes to equilibrium and balance.
Flocculonodular lobe
In the diagram of the femur, where is the patella?
G
In the diagram, which layer is the stratum granulosum?
G
In the diagram, which letter is the body?
G
In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, where is the hyponychium (nail bed)?
G
Where are the biceps brachii?
G
Where is the infraspinatus?
G
Where is the posterior ramus?
G
Which of the following labeled structures in the diagram stores fats in adult bones?
G
This component of connective tissue is found between the cells and fibers, and functions to support and bind cells in the tissue together.
Ground substance
In the diagram of skin shown below, where is the reticular region of the dermis?
H
In the diagram of the femur, where is the medial condyle?
H
In the diagram, where are axon terminals?
H
In the diagram, which letter is a floating rib?
H
Where is the anterior gray horn?
H
Where is the arachnoid mater?
H
Where is the transverse abdominus?
H
Where is the vertebral body?
H
Which portion of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons and motor nuclei?
H
This type of exocrine gland accumulates its secretory product inside the cell then the cell ruptures and becomes part of the secretory product.
Holocrine
Which bone articulates with the scapula at the glenoid cavity?
Humerus
This is another name for the subcutaneous layer.
Hypodermis
In the diagram, which layer is the stratum corneum?
I
In the diagram, which letter is the manubrium?
I
Which cranial nerve in the diagram has an autonomic motor function primarily involved in stimulating secretion of saliva?
I
Which layer is the dura mater?
I
Which of the following cranial nerves control movements of the eyeball?
III, IV and VI
Which is NOT a purely motor nerve?
IX
When a person's body becomes too warm, how does the integumentary system work with other body systems to maintain homeostasis?
Increased secretion of perspiration helps cool the body.
Which of the following parts of a reflex arc receives sensory information and decides how to respond to a change in the body's condition?
Integration center
These are sensory receptors that are located in blood vessels and visceral organs and their signals are not usually consciously perceived.
Interoceptors
Which of the following is NOT a type of channel used in production of electrical signals in neurons?
Ion-gated channel
Which is not true regarding the hypodermis?
It is a layer of the skin
In the diagram, where is the mastoid process?
J
In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows the type of connective tissue that contains the hardest matrix of all connective tissues?
J
Which cranial nerve in the diagram causes heart rate to decrease?
J
Which letter indicates a hair shaft?
J
In the diagram, where is the styloid process?
K
In the diagram, which letter is a true rib?
K
In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows blood?
K
This epidermal cell has a role in immunity and disease resistance.
Langerhans cells
Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of epithelial tissues?
Large amount of extracellular matrix.
Which of the following is a fluid-filled cavity located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum?
Lateral ventricle
In which of the following locations would you most likely find transitional epithelial cells?
Lining of the urinary bladder
Which of the following types of bone is the femur?
Long bone
What spinal cord feature is the area where the nerves that supply the lower limb emerge?
Lumbar enlargement
During muscle contraction by the sliding filament mechanism, thin filaments are pulled towards the
M line.
This facial bone articulates with teeth.
Maxillae
In what portion of the brain does the hypoglossal nucleus originate?
Medulla oblongata
Which of the following is a type of a rapidly adapting touch receptor?
Meissner corpuscle
This pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin can absorb ultraviolet light and protect the underlying tissues.
Melanin
Which of the following is a type of slowly adapting touch receptor?
Merkel disc
Which of the following is not a general characteristic of aging in the skin?
More subcutaneous adipose tissue
Which of these is true?
Most of the muscle tissue of the body is smooth (nonstriated) muscle.
Which of the following are types of cholinergic receptors?
Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
This type of sensory receptor responds to stimuli resulting from physical or chemical damage to tissue.
Nociceptors
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram regulates hunger, thirst and many autonomic activities providing homeostasis?
None of these choices
If the pathway shown in the diagram is a sympathetic division pathway, which neurotransmitter acts at the effector?
Norepinephrine
Which of the following bones is NOT visible from the anterior view of the skull?
Occipital
Which of the following structures found in the skin help prevent water loss and conditions the skin?
Oil glands
This region of the brain contains pneumotaxic and apneustic areas that help control respiration.
Pons
Which of the following nuclei are found in the pons?
Pontine nuclei Apneustic area Pneumotaxic area -All of these choices
Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for conscious movements of the body?
Primary motor area
Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for sensing body touch and temperature?
Primary somatosensory area
Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for vision?
Primary visual area
Which of the following is NOT a major function of muscle tissue?
Production of Vitamins.
Which of the following statements about proprioception is INCORRECT?
Proprioceptive sensations are used to activate the nervous system in response to threatening situations.
Which of the following is NOT a nucleus found in the thalamus?
Red nucleus
This is a netlike region of white and gray matter that extends throughout the brainstem and functions to help maintain consciousness.
Reticular formation
Which of the neurons in the diagram would most likely pick up an itch sensation?
S
Which of the following types of neurons conduct sensory impulses from the brain stem and spinal cord to the thalamus?
Second order neuron
Which of the following parts of a reflex arc would have a cell body in the posterior root ganglion?
Sensory neuron
This type of membrane lines a body cavity and the organs contained in that body cavity. It does NOT open to the outside
Serous membrane
Which following types of bones comprise the ankles and wrists?
Short bone
This type of epithelial tissue is found in the airs sacs of the lungs and lining blood vessels.
Simple squamous epithelium
Which of the following is not a characteristic of or structure of the ANS?
Skeletal muscle
Joe was found dead. His hyoid bone was broken. What was the most likely cause of death?
Strangulation
This type of epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin.
Stratified squamous epithelium
This layer of epidermis is composed of a single row of cells.
Stratum basale
This layer of the epidermis contains layers of flattened keratinocytes that are going through apoptosis.
Stratum granulosum
Which of the structures listed below contains cerebrospinal fluid?
Subarachnoid space
Which of the following is a location where adipose tissue is commonly found?
Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin
Which of the following is a nucleus found in the midbrain that releases dopamine?
Substantia nigra
Which of the following structures found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation?
Sweat glands
Thoracolumbar is another name for which division of ANS?
Sympathetic
Which division of ANS innervates the sweat glands and the hair follicles?
Sympathetic
Which of the following does NOT occur during sleep?
Sympathetic division of ANS is stimulated.
Which of the following statements describes a common response of an autonomic effector during the "fight-or-flight" response?
The pupils of the eyes dilate.
Which of the following types of neurons conduct impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex?
Third order neuron
This is a narrow fluid-filled cavity found along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus.
Third ventricle
Which of the following statements best describes the structure of the blood-brain barrier that provides its functional characteristics?
Tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain.
Nearly all organs in the human body contain all four tissues.
True
Sympathetic responses tend to be more widespread that parasympathetic responses.
True
The "S" in the acronym "SLUDD" stands for "Salivation".
True
The correct answer to this statement is also true.
True
The illium is the largest of the bones comprising an os coxa.
True
The most common type of synapses are chemical.
True
The parasympathtic nervous system is responsible for "rest and digest" actions.
True
The vagus nerve is also known as cranial nerve X.
True
There are 50 questions on this test.
True
There are an infinite number of oblique planes in the human body,.
True
Which of the following best describes events that lead to the tanning of skin that occurs after exposure of the skin to the sun's UV radiation?
UV radiation stimulates increased production of melanin by melanocytes.
Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for regulating visceral activity?
Vagus
Which nerve carries nearly 80% of the parasympathetic flow to the organs of the thorax and upper abdomen?
X
Simple tubular exocrine glands have
a straight tubular secretory portion attached to a single unbranched duct.
The stomach is located in the
abdominal cavity.
Name the joint labeled D in the diagram.
acromioclavicular joint
The muscle that serves as the "prime mover" during a movement is called the
agonist
Myofibrils contain
all of the above.
Interoceptors are found in
all of these choices
Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. The sternum is ____ to the heart.
anterior
Which condition is characterized by a lack of memory for events occurring after the trauma or disease that caused the condition?
anterograde amnesia
This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in a joint.
articular cartilage
The hair root plexus functions to
assist hair in touch perception.
Which of the following nerves is labeled B in the diagram?
axillary nerve
Where in the diagram is articular cartilage located?
b
Where in the diagram is the metaphysis?
b
Which of the labeled structures in the figure is calcified?
b
Which of the light micrographs in the figure above shows a simple cuboidal epithelium?
b
Which plane is parasagittal?
b
The thin extracellular layer, consisting of the basal and reticular lamina, that anchors epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue is called the
basement membrane.
Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called
beta waves.
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris muscle group?
biceps femoris
What is the structural classification of the neuron labeled B?
bipolar neuron
Proprioception means awareness of
body position.
The nerve labeled B in the diagram arises from which plexus?
brachial plexus
Which of the following organs contains the control center for the feedback system that regulates blood pressure?
brain
Which plane is transverse?
c
Which structure in the figure detects touch sensations?
c
Which of the following two minerals are needed in large quantities when bones are growing?
calcium and phosphorous
Which of the following products binds with troponin to initiate muscle contraction?
calcium ions
Which of the following terms refers to a hardened and thickened area of skin resulting from persistent pressure and friction?
callus
These are tiny extensions of the lacunae that allow for intercellular commuication .
canaliculi
Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skeletal system?
carcinogenesis
Which of the following types of tissues is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body?
cardiac muscle
Which of the following regions of the spinal cord contains a conspicuous enlargement?
cervical region
What category of receptor cell is used to sense changes in the concentration of chemicals in body fluids?
chemoreceptor
A condition NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be:
childbirth
Which condition is a state of unconsciousness in which a person's responses to stimuli are reduced or absent?
coma
Which of the following nerves is labeled F in the diagram?
common fibular nerve
Like other ________, bone tissue contains an abundant extracellular matrix that surrounds widely separated cells.
connective tissues
"Goose bumps" are caused by
contraction of arrector pili muscles.
You stepped on a nail. List the sequential layers (or strata) of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to finally reach the dermis.
corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale
The brain is located in the
cranial cavity
Which of the following cranial nerves carries sensory information coming from the nasal cavity to the olfactory area of the cerebrum?
cranial nerve I
In the diagram of the femur, where is the lesser trochanter?
d
Which cavity contains the small intestine?
d
Brain waves that appear during deep sleep are called
delta waves.
Which of the following organs is not found in the abdominal cavity?
diaphragm
This is the shaft of a long bone.
diaphysis
An embryonic stem cell undergoes ______ to become a neuron.
differentiation
After the fusion of myoblasts, the muscle fiber loses its ability to do what?
divide
This is the structure of a feedback system that receives output from the control center.
effector
The nerve system that sends impulses away from the central nervous system is the ____________.
efferent
A lever is acted on at two different points by two different forces which are called the
effort and load.
Motion will occur in a muscle when the ______ supplied exceeds the _______.
effort, load
Faster communication and synchronization are two advantages of
electrical synapses
Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?
epidermis
Which layer of protective connective tissue is the outermost covering surrounding a spinal nerve?
epineurium
This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length.
epiphyseal plate
This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones.
epiphysis
Name the type of membrane channel that opens in response to touch, pressure, vibration, or tissue stretching and is found in the auditory receptors of the ear, and in touch and pressure receptors in the skin.
mechanically gated channels
A polarized cell
has a charge imbalance across its membrane. includes most cells of the body. exhibits a membrane potential. includes most cells of the body and exhibits a membrane potential. -All of these choices are correct.
Based on its name, which of the following best describes characteristics of the biceps femoris muscle?
has two origins and found in the upper leg
Patients with damage in the left hemisphere often exhibit aphasia (inability to use or comprehend words). This is an example of
hemispheric lateralization.
This is the condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body's internal environment.
homeostasis
Functional classification of exocrine glands is based on
how the gland releases its secretory product.
Which part of the the brain regulates the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?
hypothalamus
Which the following regions of the brain serve as the major control and integration center of the ANS?
hypothalamus
A deep indentation found along the medial plane that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the
longitudinal fissure.
Mammography and bone densitometry are good examples of which of the following types of medical imaging.
low-dose radiography
The nerve labeled E in the diagram arises from which plexus?
lumbar plexus
One function of this long bone structure is the storage of energy in the form of triglycerides.
marrow
What category of receptor cell is used to sense touch, vibration and pressure?
mechanoreceptor
Albinism is the inherited inability to produce
melanin
This is the region of long bone found between the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
metaphysis
This plane divides the body into equal right and left halves.
midsagittal
Which of the following is not a mature connective tissue?
mucous connective tissue
What is the structural classification of the neuron labeled A?
multipolar neuron
The axon of the preganglionic neuron is ______ while the axon of the postganglionic neuron is _______.
myelinated, unmyelinated
Which of the following is not one of the main tissue types found in the human body?
myocardial
The contractile portions of a skeletal muscle fiber are thread-like structures called
myofibrils.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic types of tissues found in the human body?
necrotic tissue
Which of the following types of electrical signals allow rapid long-distance communication within the nervous system?
nerve action potential
An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brain waves primarily generated by
neurons in the cerebral cortex.
The two main neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system are
norepinephrine and acetylcholine.
Saltatory conduction
occurs only in myelinated axons
How many sensory modalities can a single sensory neuron have?
one
Which of the following correctly list the levels of structural organization in the human body from largest to smallest?
organism - organ system - organ - tissue - cellular - chemical
Which of the following represents the largest and most complex level of structural organization in the human body?
organismal level
The attachment of a muscle's tendon to the stationary bone is called the ______; the attachment of the muscle's other tendon to the movable bone is called the ______.
origin, insertion
The general process by which bones form is called
ossification
These are considered bone-building cells.
osteoblasts
These are considered bone-dissolving cells.
osteoclast
Which of the following conditions is observed in adults when new bone formed during bone remodeling fails to calcify?
osteomalacia
What is the basic structural unit of compact bone tissue?
osteon
The postganglionic cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons are located in the:
otic ganglion
Which of the following structures or regions could you clearly see when you are viewing the anterior side of an individual standing in the standard anatomical position?
palm of the hand
The cerebellar cortex consists of folia, which are
parallel folds of gray matter.
Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned
parallel to the length of the diaphysis.
The boundary between the true pelvis and the false pelvis is the
pelvic brim.
This cavity is located inferior to the abdominal cavity.
pelvic cavity
Which cavity contains the heart?
pericardial cavity
This is the fibrous covering on the surface of bone that is involved in thickening of the bone.
periosteum
What category of receptor cell is used to sense light?
photoreceptor
Which of the following nerves is labeled A in the diagram?
phrenic nerve
This is the study of the functions of body structures.
physiology
Denticulate ligaments are thickenings of
pia mater.
The extracellular matrix of blood tissue consists of
plasma
The sarcolemma is the
plasma (cell) membrane of a muscle fiber.
The lungs are located in the
pleural cavity.
All of the following types of stimuli are sensed by free nerve endings EXCEPT
pressure
The main function of dense regular connective tissues is
providing strong attachment between structures like muscle and bones.
The humerus is _____ to the radius.
proximal
This is the structure of a feedback system that provides input to the control center.
receptor
A postganglionic neuron in the ANS
releases neurotransmitter that binds to the effector cell.
Feeling the presence of a mosquito biting your arm is an example of
responsiveness
The nerve labeled F in the diagram arises from which plexus?
sacral plexus
Which of the following types of tissues contains multinucleated cells whose movements are under voluntary control?
skeletal muscle
The autonomic nervous system is NOT involved in controlling
skeletal muscle.
Brain waves that appear in adults and children during periods of emotional stress are called
theta waves.
This is defined as a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function.
tissue
A muscle that has three origins is called a
triceps.
Cranial nerve V is also known as the _______________ nerve.
trigeminal
Adipose tissue is a long term energy source.
true
Diffusion is a required process for muscular contraction.
true
One of the most commonly broken bones in the human body is the clavicle.
true
Red marrow is the site of hematopoiesis.
true
Spongy bone is also called cancellous bone.
true
The end of the nose is supported by hyaline cartilage.
true
The hallux is missing the intermediate phalanx.
true
The intervertebral foramina allow for passage of the spinal nerves.
true
The majority of bones in the body are formed by an endochondal process.
true
The most abundant protein in the human body is collagen.
true
The the correct answer to this statement is true.
true
When Sara washed her hands, she was participating in a form of prophylaxis.
true
When apocrine glands release their contents, the free surface of the cells "pinch off".
true
Ribs that have costal cartilage that attaches directly to the sternum are called
true ribs.
Which of the following is a safe non-invasive imaging technique that uses the reflection of high frequency sound waves off of body tissues to visualize a fetus during pregnancy?
ultrasound scanning
Which labeled structures in the figure are lamellae?
B
Which letter is referencing the epidermis?
B
Which of the diagrams in the figure represents a ligand-gated channel?
B
Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that removes debris and acts as a phagocyte?
B
Which of the labeled structures carries exclusively sensory information towards the spinal cord?
B
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the thalamus?
B
Which of the neurons in the diagram is modified in a manner that helps enhance the sensitivity of the receptor?
B
In the diagram shown above, where is the apical surface of the epithelial cell?
A
In the diagram shown above, which cellular junction is a tight junction?
A
In the diagram, where is the effort?
A
In the diagrams of the pelvis, where is the iliac crest?
A
In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown below, where is the nail root?
A
In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows areolar connective tissue?
A
Where in the diagram is the proximal epiphysis?
A
Where is the latissimus dorsi?
A
Where is the pectoralis major?
A
Where is the posterior median sulcus?
A
Where is the temporalis?
A
In the diagram, where is the I band?
BB
Which of the following structures is the endomysium?
BB
This type of brain wave occurs at regular intervals when a person is awake but not when a person is sleeping.
Beta waves
This type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon emerging from the cell body.
Bipolar neuron
This protects the brain by preventing the movement of harmful substances and pathogens from the blood into the brain tissue.
Blood brain barrier
Which part of the diagram is considered nerve fiber?
Both A and D
Which of the following brain structures consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain?
Brain stem
Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for speech?
Broca's area
In the diagram of skin shown below, where is the sebaceous gland?
C
In the diagram of the foot, where is the navicular?
C
In the diagram shown above, where is the basal surface of the epithelial cell?
C
In the diagram shown above, which cell junction is a desmosome?
C
In the diagram, where is the axon collateral?
C
In the diagram, where is the osteon?
C
In the diagram, which bone includes the foramen magnum?
C
In the diagram, which labeled structure contains motor proteins that convert the energy in ATP into mechanical movements. They make the filaments slide?
C
In the diagram, which letter is the sternoclavicular joint
C
In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, where is the lunula?
C
In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows reticular connective tissue?
C
In which region of the diagram would you find the medullary cavity?
C
Where is the anterior (ventral) root of a spinal nerve?
C
Where is the occipitofrontalis frontal belly?
C
Which cranial nerve in the diagram has a somatic motor function primarily involved in moving the upper eyelid and eyeball?
C
Which labeled structure in the diagrams is the acetabulum?
C
Which labeled structures in the figure are canaliculi?
C
Which of the labeled cells in the figure is NOT a neuroglial cell?
C
Which of the labeled structures carries exclusively motor information away from the spinal cord?
C
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the supraspinous fossa?
C
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram of the trigeminothalamic pathway is the trigeminal nerve?
C
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram senses touch, pressure and slow vibrations?
C
Which of the light micrographs in the figure above contains goblet cells?
C
Which of the light micrographs in the figure above shows a simple columnar epithelium?
C
The pectoral girdle consists of 2 bones labeled ______ and ____ in the diagram.
C and F
In the dia gram, which refers to a muscle fiber?
CC
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?
Carpals
Which of the following is NOT a major region of the brain?
Cauda equina
Which of the following is NOT a parasympathetic terminal ganglion?
Celiac ganglion
Which of the following is NOT a sympathetic prevertebral ganglion?
Ciliary ganglion
Which of the following meninges has two layers?
Cranial dura mater
Bones in the following area protect the brain.
Cranium
In the diagram above which is a hemidesmosome?
D
In the diagram of skin shown below, where is the arrector pili muscle?
D
In the diagram of the humerus, where is the trochlea?
D
In the diagram shown above, what of the indicated structure is composed of basal lamina and reticular lamina?
D
In the diagrams of the pelvis, which letter is the obturator foramen?
D
In the photomicrograph of a portion of thick skin shown below, which layer is the stratum spinosum?
D
Meissner's corpuscle would be found in which region of the skin shown in the figure?
D
When vertebrae are stacked one on top of the other, which structure will form half of the intervertebral foramen?
D
Where in the diagram is the distal epiphysis?
D
Where is the denticulate ligament?
D
Where is the gastrocnemius?
D
Where is the lastissimus dorsi?
D
Where is the lateral white column?
D
Where is the orbicularis oculi?
D
Which cavity contains the liver?
D
Which labeled structure in the figure is an osteoclast?
D
Which letter is pointing to the fibularis longus?
D
Which nerve labeled in the diagram does NOT arise from any plexus?
D
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram contains centers that control heart rate and blood pressure?
D
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is formed as the result of cartilage being replaced by bone after the bone stops growing?
D
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the infraspinous fossa?
D
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram of the trigeminothalamic pathway is the first-order neuron?
D
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram represents a type II cutaneous mechanoreceptor that monitors the stretching of skin?
D
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the spine of the scapula?
E
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram of the trigeminothalamic pathway is a second-order neuron?
E
Which labeled bone in the diagram of the foot is the largest and strongest tarsal bone?
A
Which labeled structure in the figure is a lacuna?
A
Which letter in the diagram indicates a region of spongy bone.
A
Which letter indicates a free nerve ending?
A
Which of the channels shown in the figure opens and closes randomly?
A
Which of the following labeled structures in the diagram is a site of red blood cell production in adult bones?
A
Which of the labeled structures contains cerebral spinal fluid?
A
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is a pain receptor?
A
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the coracoid process?
A
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram of the trigeminothalamic pathway is the trigeminothalamic tract?
A
Which of the labeled structures of the femur is the greater trochanter?
A
Which of the light micrographs in the figure above shows a simple squamous epithelium?
A
In the figure above, what letter correctly identifies troponin?
B
In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, where is the eponychium (cuticle)?
B
In the photomicrograph of a portion of thick skin shown below, which layer is only seen in thick skin?
B
On the diagram, where is the outer most layer of connective tissue encircling the entire muscle
B
This part of the neuron contains the nucleus and Nissl bodies.
B
Where is the masseter?
B
Where is the teres major?
B
Where is the transverse process?
B
Which contains the spinal cord?
B
Which cranial nerve that serves the eyes has a purely sensory function?
B
Which number references the inferior cervical ganglion?
5
Which labeled bone in the diagram of the foot articulates with the fibula and tibia?
B
Which number is the thoracolumbar outflow?
6
Which number indicates cranial nerve VII?
7
Which number indicates the facial nerve?
7
Which number references the celiac ganglion?
8
In the diagram of the foot, where is the calcaneous?
A
In the diagram of the humerus, this structure receives the head of the radius when the forearm is flexed.
A
Which number indicates the ciliary ganglion?
1
Which number references the preganglionic neurons
1
Which number references the preganglionic neurons?
1
Spinal nerves1. Are parts of PNS.2. connect the CNS to sensors and effectors in all parts of the body.3. are named according to the region of the cord from which they emerge.
1, 2 & 3
Which number indicates the pterygopalatine ganglion?
2
Which number references the postganglionic neurons?
2
What type of information is carried in the descending tracts of the spinal cord? 1. Sensory 2. Motor 3. Integration
2 only
The adult brain represents only ____ of the total body weight.
2%
How many named bones are found in the adult human skeleton?
206
This type of burn destroys the epidermis and part of the dermis.
2nd degree
Which number indicates the submandibular ganglion?
3
Which number references the superior cervical ganglion?
3
Which of the following is an example of the basic life process called growth?1 muscle contraction2 digestion of proteins3 lifting weights and gaining muscle mass4 mineral deposits accumulating between bone cells to cause a bone to lengthen
3 and 4
Which number indicates the otic ganglion?
4
Which number references the middle cervical ganglion?
4
Which number indicates the vagus nerve?
5
Which of the following responses is NOT caused by activation of the sympathetic division?
Airway constriction
Which of the following responses is NOT caused by activation of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
Airway dilation
Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?
All are functions of the nervous system
Which of the following helps maintain the resting membrane potential?
All of these
Which of the following types of fibers are commonly found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue?
All of these above answer choices are correct.
The basal nuclei regulate skeletal muscle movements by
All of these choices
In the diagram of the foot, the intertarsal joints are found between which bones.
All of these choices are correct.
The different types of muscle tissue differ from each other by
All of these choices are correct.
The motor axons of the accessory nerve originate in:
Anterior gray horn of first 5 segments of the cervical region of the spinal cord
This type of exocrine gland is associated with emotional stress, sexual excitement and contributes significantly to body odor.
Apocrine sweat gland
What do colored regions on body's surface in the diagram represent?
Areas of referred pain
Which of the following is classified as loose connective tissue?
Areolar connective tissue
These white matter tracts of the spinal cord carry sensory information.
Ascending tracts
What type of nervous system pathway is shown in the figure?
Autonomic motor pathway
In the diagram of skin shown below, where are the dermal papillae?
B
In the diagram of the humerus, which is the lateral epicondyle?
B
In the diagram, where is the fulcrum?
B
In the diagram, where is the temporal bone?
B
In the diagram, where is the trabeculae?
B
In the diagram, which letter is the xyphoid process?
B
In the diagram of the humerus, where is the olecranon fossa?
DD
This layer of the skin is composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers.
Dermis
Which of the following brain structures consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus?
Diencephalon
In the diagram above which is a needed for rapid communication between cells?
E
In the diagram of skin shown below, where is the eccrine sweat gland?
E
In the diagram of the humerus, where is the medial epicondyle?
E
In the diagram, where is the haversian canal?
E
In the diagram, which structure helps return a stretched sarcomere to its resting length?
E
In the diagrams of the pelvis, where is the illium?
E
In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown below, where is the nail matrix?
E
In the photomicrograph of a portion of thick skin shown below, which layer is the stratum basale?
E
These are the structures you feel as "bumps" when you run you fingers down your backbone.
E
This major portion of the brain is used to monitor movements initiated by the motor areas of the cerebrum.
E
This part of a neuron contains the nucleus and cytoplasm of the Schwann's cell that has formed a myelin sheath around the axon.
E
What structure in the diagram is the only place on a long bone NOT covered by the periosteum?
E
Where in the diagram is the endosteum located?
E
Where is the pia mater?
E
Where is the spinous process?
E
Where is the subarachnoid space?
E
Where is the zygomaticus minor?
E
Which cavity contains the internal organs of reproduction?
E
Which cavity contains the urinary bladder?
E
Which cranial nerve in the diagram has a somatic motor function primarily involved in chewing?
E
Which labeled structure in the figure is an osteocyte?
E
Which letter indicates the area where cells are rapidly undergoing mitosis?
E
Which letter indicates the subcutaneous layer of the skin in the figure?
E
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is a cutaneous mechanoreceptor that senses pressure and fast vibrations?
E
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is a lamellated corpuscle?
E
This is the property of muscle that gives it the ability to stretch without damage.
extensibility
A comminuted fracture is one in which a fractured end of a bone protrudes through the skin.
false
Acetycholine is the neurotransmitter for all postganglionic synapses.
false
All connective tissues are highly vascular.
false
Bilateral symmetry refers to the physical differences between the sexes.
false
Bone tissue is made up of about 25% inorganic constituents.
false
Connective tissues cover body surfaces or line body cavities.
false
Gray matter is myelinated; white matter is unmyelinated
false
Microvilli help reduce the surface area of certain cells.
false
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar is found in the esophogus
false
Spongy bone is replaced at a slower rate that compact bone.
false
The ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment is a life process described as movement.
false
The endosteum is the point of attachment for many tendons and ligaments.
false
The longest muscle fibers in the body are about 4 inches long.
false
The mediastinum is located in the dorsal cavity.
false
The term "cervical" refers to the head.
false
The two main divisions of the nervous system are the afferent and efferent.
false
There are normally 209 bones in the adult human.
false
Vitamin D is important for the synthesis of collagen.
false
Yellow marrow is composed mostly of proteins.
false
Which of the following nerves is labeled E in the diagram?
femoral nerve
An opening or hole in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass is called a
foramen
This plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
frontal
In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows the type of cartilage that is most abundant in the human body?
g
Name the joint labeled E in the diagram.
glenohumeral joint
This type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children.
greenstick
Which disorder is characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and staying asleep?
insomnia
This lobe of the cerebrum is found deep to the other four lobes and thus cannot be observed from the surface.
insula
Which of the following nerves is labeled D in the diagram?
intercostal nerve
Blood flows to the brain through the ________ arteries and away from the brain through the _______ vein.
internal carotid and vertebral; internal jugular
All of the following are muscles that move the eyeball EXCEPT
internal oblique.
In an action potential, the current that flows down the axon of a neuron is generated by the movement of ______ across the membrane.
ions
The stratum lucidum
is present only in thick skin.
These cells make up the bulk of the epidermis. (about 90%)
keratinocytes
Which of the following structures contain osteocytes?
lacunae
The ribs are ______ to the sternum.
lateral
This directional term means farther from the midline.
lateral
The cell body for the ANS's preganglionic neuron may be located in which of the following?
lateral gray horn
In the sympathetic division, the cell bodies (soma) of the preganglionic neurons are in the
lateral gray horns of T1-T12 and L1-L2
Name the type of membrane channel that randomly opens and closes and is found in dendrites, cell bodies, and axons of all types of neurons.
leak channel
Name the type of membrane channel that opens in response to chemical binding and is found in dendrites of some sensory receptors like pain receptors, and in the dendrites and cell bodies of interneurons and motor neurons.
ligand-gated channels
One of the main differences between a somatic reflex and autonomic reflex is the type of effectors that are activated. The effectors in somatic reflexes are _______, while the effectors in autonomic reflexes are _______________.
skeletal muscles; smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
Which disorder is characterized by a person's breathing repeatedly stopping for 10 or more seconds while sleeping?
sleep apnea
Immature, undifferentiated cells that can divide to replace lost or damaged cells are called
stem cells
Name the joint labeled B in the diagram,
sternoclavicular joint
This directional term is the opposite of deep.
superficial
Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. The heart is _____ to the liver.
superior
The stomach is ____ to the urinary bladder.
superior
A transverse plane will cut a body or organ into
superior and inferior portions.
The motor portion of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into
sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
During a visit to your doctor, you complain about headache and nausea. These changes in your body functions are considered to be
symptoms.
To stimulate skeletal muscle contraction, acetylcholine must cross the __________ of the neuromuscular junction and bind to receptors on the motor endplate.
synaptic cleft
In neuromuscular junctions, vesicles containing acetylcholine are found suspended in the
synaptic end bulbs.
Which of the following is not one of the functions performed by the skin?
synthesis of hormones
Release of calcium from these structures triggers skeletal muscle contraction.
terminal cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum
What structures meet at the neuromuscular junction?
the synaptic end bulb of a nerve and the sarcolemma
What category of receptor cell is used to sense changes in temperature?
thermoreceptor
Pyramids are
white matter protrusions found on the medulla oblongata.
