A&P Final Review
Carbon dioxide can be a waste that must be eliminated from the body. A) True B) False
Carbon dioxide, like many other compounds, is essential for life, only the amount that is in excess is eliminated into the air during breathing, and therefore a waste.
The chin can be described as being on the _____ surface of the skull. A) inferior B) lateral C) superior D) dorsal
Feedback: Correct: The chin is the inferior, anterior surface of the skull.
The heart lies specifically in the _____ space. A) thoracic cavity B) mediastinum C) abdominal cavity D) pleural cavity
The mediastinum is the space in the middle of the thoracic cavity that does not contain the lungs (pleural).
What is the main purpose for cellular oxygen? A) transports heat B) acts as a solvent C) results in energy D) it is exchanged for carbon dioxide
: Most human cellular respiration or metabolic reactions require oxygen in order to produce energy; without energy cells die.
109 CORRECT The occipital area is the region on the back of the skull. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct: The occiput is the back of the head.
Which of the following does not belong with the others? A) proton B) neutron C) electron D) nucleus
The nucleus contains protons and neutrons. Electrons are NOT part of the nucleus.
What is the sum of the neutrons plus protons equal to? A) atomic number B) bulk number C) atomic symbol D) mass number
The sum of all of the particles in the nucleus is equal to the mass number.
A solution with a pH of 7.35 is considered to be _____. A) acidic B) neutral C) basic D) normal .
The total pH range is from 0 to 14 with 7 being neutral; values under 7 are acidic, and above 7 basic
All proteins function as catalysts or enzymes. A) True B) False
All enzymes are chemicals that must contain protein as part of their structure but not all proteins are catalysts or enzymes.
People are constantly exposed to what is termed background radiation in the environment. A) True B) False
Many naturally occurring elements are radioactive or become active because of external cosmicradiation and emit radiations all around us.
Matter is anything that has weight and has a function. A) True B) False
Matter is defined as anything that has weight and occupies space; having a function is not part of the definition.
Pre-Test Quiz (See related pages) Results Reporter Out of 10 questions, you answered 10 correctly with a final grade of 100% 10 correct (100%) 0 incorrect (0%) 0 unanswered (0%) Your Results: The correct answer for each question is indicated by a This is the correct answer.. 1 CORRECT Sounds are detected by _____- receptors. A) chemo B) thermo C) mechano D) photo Feedback: Correct Answer: Air vibrations are mechanical in nature. 2 CORRECT The following are usual causes of pain except which one. A) kinins B) hypoxia C) ischemia D) polypeptides Feedback: Correct Answer: Only certain polypeptides cause pain, polypeptides are protein; kinins such as bradykinin are one type of polypeptide. 3 CORRECT Which of the following is NOT likely to cause a headache. A) school stress B) high blood pressure C) a full stomach D) food flavorings such as MSG Feedback: Correct Answer: Although blood sugar levels can cause headache, a stretched stomach should not be sufficient cause; psychological stress, certain food additives such as monosodium glutamate, and high blood pressure are known to elicit headache (cephalgia). 4 CORRECT The following belong together except which one? A) incus B) tympanic cavity C) middle ear D) cochlear duct Feedback: Correct Answer: The middle ear includes the ossicles as well as tympanic cavity but the cochlear duct is part of the inner ear. 5 CORRECT The cells that convert vibrations into neurological impulses are the _____ cells. A) hair B) otolith C) basilar membrane D) crista acoustica Feedback: Correct Answer: The hair cells of the organ of Corti vibrate and depolarize the neurons associated with them. 6 CORRECT Because of the process of projection, the brain makes errors concerning the location of stimuli on body regions. A) True B) False Feedback: Correct Answer: Projection allows the brain to accurately pinpoint the location of stimuli. 7 CORRECT Perception is the psychological process of placing a value or interpretation on stimuli. A) True B) False Feedback: Correct Answer: Although stimuli result in sensation, the process of perception interprets these stimuli and places meaning in them. 8 CORRECT It is possible that a cold receptor could be stimulated in such a way as to cause pain. A) True B) False Feedback: Correct Answer: Receptors can be excessively or inappropriately stimulated resulting in an interpretation of pain. 9 CORRECT A firm handshake probably causes depolarization of several Meissner corpuscles. A) True B) False Feedback: Correct Answer: Pressure is more likely to depolarize deep Pacinian corpuscles. 10 CORRECT Migraine headaches result from excessive stimulation of brain pain receptors. A) True B) False Feedback: Correct Answer: There are no brain pain receptors; headaches result from changes in the meninges and other areas. E-mail Your Results Date: Fri Sep 20 14:23:19 2013 My name: Section ID: E-mail these results to: E-mail address: Format: Me: HTMLText My Instructor: HTMLText My TA: HTMLText Other: HTMLText To learn more about the book this website supports, please visit its Information Center. (c)2013 McGraw-Hill Higher Education Any use is subject to the Terms of Use and Privacy Notice. 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Which of the following is not part of the axial body? A) head B) arm C) neck D) trunk
The arm is part of the appendicular portion while the head, arm and neck are axial.
50 CORRECT A substance with a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.000001 g/L has a pH of ___________. A) 2 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7
The pH scale is a reverse log scale. There are six places after the decimal in the .
If a triglyceride were digested it would break down into glycerol and _____. A) fatty acids B) nitrogen C) a saccharide D) a lipid
Triglycerides are lipids comprised of the glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acids.
Ultrasonography is a sensitive method of viewing the possibility of bone fractures. A) True B) False
Ultrasound is best used to view soft structures such as a fetus.
The _____________ cavity is the portion enclosed by the hip bones. A) abdominopelvic B) pelvic C) abdominal D) thoracic
pelvic
A _____ fracture occurred in the elbow area. A) dorsum B) buccal C) carpal D) cubital
Feedback: Correct Answer: Cubit means elbow; carpal refersto wrist.
The larynx is a term in the _____ system. A) integumentary B) respiratory C) digestive D) nervous
Feedback: Correct Answer: Larynx is the voicebox which belongs in the respiratory system.
98 CORRECT Magnetic resonance imaging is a technique using radiation to view the internal structures. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: MRI uses magnetic forces to alter the spin of atoms and cause an electrical image to appear.
Proteins and carbohydrates are classified as _____. A) macromolecules B) microbes C) organelles D) atoms
Feedback: Correct Answer: Macromolecules are large, complex arrangements of atoms, such as proteins.
The _____ membranes surround the lungs. A) pericardial B) mediastinal C) pleural D) peritoneal .
Feedback: Correct Answer: Pleural is the term for lungs
5 CORRECT Carbon atoms tend to form _____. A) covalent bonds B) cations C) anions D) ionic bonds
Feedback: Correct Answer: Since carbon has four outer electrons, it tends to share electrons (covalent bond) rather than lose or gain; this is an important organic chemistry concept; recall the octet rule.
87 CORRECT The term parietal is used to name something on the surface of an organ. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The term parietal means on the wall around the organ; visceral is the term for an organ.
103 CORRECT The abdominal area could be divided into six regions or quadrants. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The term quadrant implies four areas.
Which of the following terms means the same as ventral in humans? A) dorsal B) posterior C) medial D) anterior
Feedback: Correct: Because humans are bipeds, anterior and ventral are the same.
106 CORRECT The term that means the opposite of central is deep. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct: Central and deep are the same. The opposite is superficial.
Which term refers to the back of the knee? A) perineal B) popliteal C) pelvic D) pedal
Feedback: Correct: Popliteal is the back of the knee
Skin or bone is an example of what level of organization? A) tissue B) cell C) macromolecule D) organ
Feedback: Correct: Skin and bone are a combination of many tissues, that makes them an organ.
Which of the following is the most complex level of organization? A) organ system B) macromolecule C) organ D) organelle
Feedback: Correct: System is the highest level of classification within one organism.
What is the smallest level of organization considered to be living? A) cell B) organelle C) tissue D) system
Feedback: Correct: The cell is considered the smallest living entity.
Which inorganic ion is required for ATP and nucleic acid synthesis and is part of their structures? A) magnesium B) K+ C) bicarbonate D) phosphate
: Phosphate ions are an essential part of nucleotides that comprise ATP and DNA as well asother critical compounds; magnesium is more important as a metabolic enzyme cofactor.
All nucleic acids must contain which of the following? A) phosphate group B) amino acids C) ribose D) deoxyribose
All nucleic acids contain nucleotides which are comprised of a phosphate, nitrogenous base and a sugar; RNA contains ribose while DNA has deoxyribose sugars.
Organic compounds must all contain the atom carbon. A) True B) False
All organic compounds contain carbon but some carbon compounds such as sodium bicarbonate contain carbon but are considered inorganic.
All proteins must contain nitrogen and amino acids. A) True B) False
All proteins contain N as well as C, H, and O; amino acids are the basic units that comprise all proteins.
A fatty acid in which the carbon atoms are all linked by single carbon- carbon bonds is said to be _________________. A) polyunsaturated B) monounsaturated C) linked D) saturated
All single bonds are called saturated. Unsaturated means one or more double bonds
Most chemical reactions are reversible in nature. A) True B) False
Although one direction might be favored or more probable, most reactions can proceed in either direction, theoretically.
Animal polysaccharides or _______________, consists of branched chains of sugar units and functions to store energy. A) glycogen B) steroids C) dextrose D) cellulose
Animal polysaccharides are called glycogen.
The symbol Na+ is used to describe a sodium _____. A) atom B) free radical C) ion D) molecule
Charged particles, as indicated by the superscripted positive or negative signs, are called ions.
Sodium chloride is an example of a/an _____. A) base B) acid C) electrolyte D) ion .
Electrolytes are defined as molecules that gain charges when placed in water; they are essential to physiology; sodium chloride is the common electrolyte
17 CORRECT Which of these is the correct formula for a base? A) HCl B) NaOH C) H2SO4 D) H2O
Feedback: Correct: A base must release an anion that will bind to H+. OH- is an excellent base.
11 CORRECT Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water are called ________________. A) acids B) bases C) salts D) electrically neutral
Feedback: Correct: By definition, if a substances dissociates in water and increases the amount of H+ in the solution it is an acid.
16 CORRECT Water tends to dissociate, forming ions; which pH value indicates that the [H+] equals the [OH-]? A) 6 B) 0 C) 7 D) 14
Feedback: Correct: When [H+] equals the [OH-] a solution has a neutral pH. pH ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 as a midpoint, or neutral.
27 CORRECT What causes HCl to become an acid? A) the ionic forces B) covalent exchanges with water C) the release of H+ D) the presence of H+
Feedback: Correct Answer: Acids are defined as molecules that donate H+ to the medium; HCl is actually a gas and considered a potential acid until it reacts with water.
22 CORRECT Radiation in the form of two protons and two neutrons is the _____. A) gamma ray B) electron C) beta particle D) alpha particle
Feedback: Correct Answer: Alpha particles are equivalent to one helium nucleus; beta particles are similar to electrons and gamma radiation has no mass.
99 CORRECT A peripheral wound could be located near the surface of the skin. A) True B) False .
Feedback: Correct Answer: Although true, peripheral could mean around an area; it might be more correct to call this wound superficial.
101 CORRECT Anterior can be used the same as ventral. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: Anterior and ventral refer to the front in the human.
25 CORRECT What happens to sodium when it loses its outer electron? A) it becomes a negative ion B) it becomes radioactive C) it becomes a positive ion D) nothing
Feedback: Correct Answer: Atoms that lose electrons gain positive charges because of the unbalanced nuclear protons; atoms with charges are called ions; sodium becomes +1 when it reacts with something like Cl. (NaCl)
A headache is an example of a _____ pain. A) celiac B) femoral C) cephalic D) gluteal
Feedback: Correct Answer: Cephalgia means head (cephalic) pain; celiac would be something in the abdomen.
4 CORRECT Chemically stable elements will not _____ under ordinary conditions. A) become radioactive B) chemically react C) disintegrate D) undergo nuclear decay
Feedback: Correct Answer: Chemical reactions occur when the electrons are unstable, or less than eight in the outermost orbital; chemical reactions are separate from nuclear reactions such as decay.
2 CORRECT When atoms react chemically they gain, lose, or share _____. A) protons B) electrons C) neutrons D) atomic weights
Feedback: Correct Answer: Chemistry involves the exchange or sharing of electrons to form chemical bonds during reactions.
6 CORRECT When atoms of different elements combine they form _____. A) gases B) compounds C) molecules D) ionic bonds
Feedback: Correct Answer: Compounds are comprised of different elements and are different from molecules which can be combinations of the same elements; ionic is only one type of bond.
28 CORRECT A covalent bond is formed whenever two atoms ______ electrons. A) lose B) share C) gain D) keep their .
Feedback: Correct Answer: Covalent bonds involve electrons shared between two atoms and do not cause the formation of ions
The molecule which contains the genetic information necessary to regulate cells is _____. A) RNA B) DNA C) protein D) ATP .
Feedback: Correct Answer: Deoxyribonucleic acid contains the genes that control cellular traits; ATP is associated with energy production
8 CORRECT The time it takes for a radioactive element to lose one-half of its radioactivity is the half-life. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: Each radioactive isotope has a different life expectancy; short half-lives imply that the atoms will reach stability rapidly and lose their radioactivity.
1 CORRECT An electrically charged small negative particle which encircles a nucleus is the _____. A) proton B) neutron C) electron D) positron
Feedback: Correct Answer: Electrons are negative, protons are positive, neutrons have no charge; there are many other subatomic particles such as the positive electron or positron.
26 CORRECT In table salt, _____ bonds hold the ions together. A) electrovalent B) electrostatic C) covalent D) hydrogen
Feedback: Correct Answer: Electrovalent or ionic bonds hold together two atoms with opposite charges such as Na+ and Cl-.
Simple squamous epithelium is a _____ term. A) tissue B) cell C) organ D) pathology
Feedback: Correct Answer: Epithelium is a type of tissue.
9 CORRECT Thallium-201 is usually used to detect cancers and inflammation. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: Gallium-67 is usually injected into a vein and traced to reveal tumors or inflamed areas.
7 CORRECT Gamma radiation is similar to X-rays but gamma rays are more penetrating. A) True B) False .
Feedback: Correct Answer: Gamma radiation is higher energy and originates from the nucleus while X-rays are produced from the outer electron fields; gamma radiation is more penetrating
8 CORRECT The following are all electrolytes except which one? A) NaOH B) glucose C) Carbonic acid D) aluminum chloride
Feedback: Correct Answer: Glucose is a sugar which does not contain any ionizable atoms; electrolytes could be acids, bases or salts.
24 CORRECT The only elements that have eight electrons in their outer orbitals and are therefore stable are the _____. A) metals B) non-metals C) gases D) noble gases
Feedback: Correct Answer: Helium is an inert or noble gas with eight stable electrons in its outer orbital, along with neon, argon and others in family eight.
100 CORRECT The term ipsilateral means on the opposite side. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: Ipsilateral means on the same side; contralateral refers to the opposite side.
20 CORRECT Two atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weights are called _____. A) elements B) isotopes C) molecules D) radioactive
Feedback: Correct Answer: Isotopes are elements that have different numbers of neutrons and atomic weights, but the same atomic number; not all isotopes are radioactive
4 CORRECT Lipids include the following except which one? A) fats B) oils C) steroids D) lactose
Feedback: Correct Answer: Lactose is a disaccharide; fats, oils and steroids are lipid names.
Diseases usually involve positive rather than negative feedback mechanisms. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: Many cases of positive feedback are associated with instability rather than a return to homeostasis
84 CORRECT Diseases usually involve positive rather than negative feedback mechanisms. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: Many cases of positive feedback are associated with instability rather than a return to homeostasis.
A medial tumor on the head could be on the _____. A) ear B) cheeks C) nose D) eye
Feedback: Correct Answer: Medial means towards or on the area around the midline; the nose is on the medial surface of the face or skull.
The structures called _____ are intracellular areas with specific living functions. A) inclusions B) organs C) organelles D) macromolecules
Feedback: Correct Answer: Organelles are structures that are associated with complex functions such as protein synthesis or energy production; inclusions are usually structures with an unknown or unspecified function.
The following is an example of positive feedback: A) glucagon raises blood sugar B) insulin lowers blood glucose C) a temperature of 100.2F causes a further increase D) 100.1F is followed by 98.6F
Feedback: Correct Answer: Positive feedback occurs when some physiologic condition such as a rise in temperature or blood pressure causes the condition to increase even further.
93 CORRECT The digestive system acts to bring foods into cells where they are broken down into usable forms. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The activity of the digestive system occurs in the space surrounded by the lining of the digestive organs and is considered extracellular. Digestion occurs outside of cells; once substances enter cells they undergo processes referred to as metabolism.
96 CORRECT In the anatomical position the palm of the hands face towards the back. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The anatomical position requires that the palms face forward.
97 CORRECT The stethoscope is placed on the antecubital surface in order to assess a blood pressure. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The antecubital area is the depression that contains audible arterial sounds.
Normal body temperature, assessed below the tongue, is 20 degrees C. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The average or normal oral temperature for adult humans is 37 degrees C (98.6 degreesF).
81 CORRECT The skin is the part of the body that homeostatically controls the maintainence of body temperature. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The brain contains the control center (hypothalamus) which maintains temperature; the skin is an organ that responds to signals from the brain.
The bulbourethral glands would be found in the _____ system. A) reproductive B) excretory C) circulatory D) endocrine
Feedback: Correct Answer: The bulbourethral glands secrete a mucus for reproductive purposes.
31 CORRECT Decomposition is the opposite of a _____ reaction. A) synthesis B) ionic C) nuclear D) exchange
Feedback: Correct Answer: The combination of atoms to form new products is called synthesis, which is the opposite of decomposition.
95 CORRECT The purpose of the reproductive system is for the continuation of the species. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The continuation of the species refers to the reproductive process of generating new individuals of the same type as the parents.
21 CORRECT What does a radioactive element do? A) lose neutrons B) lose protons C) undergoes nuclear disintegration D) change their electron shells
Feedback: Correct Answer: The electrons remain the same during radioactive disintegration; subatomic particles and energy are emitted from the nucleus as it disintegrates.
3 CORRECT The second electron shell can hold a maximum of _____ electrons. A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8
Feedback: Correct Answer: The first shell can hold two but the second shell is able to maintain eight electrons.
23 CORRECT Which of these can be used to detect heart disease? A) iodine-131 B) gallium-67 C) thallium-201 D) cobalt-60
Feedback: Correct Answer: The isotope thallium-201 has a short half-life of 73.5 hours and is effective as a tracer for coronary blood flow or damage; cobalt-60 is used to emit radiation for therapy.
1 CORRECT The nucleus of an atom always has a _____ charge. A) unstable B) positive C) negative D) neutral
Feedback: Correct Answer: The nucleus is positive; unstable nuclei occur in radioactive elements.
89 CORRECT The parietal pleura is the membrane which covers the surface of each lung. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The parietal pleura is the membrane directly on the surface of the thoracic cavity.
88 CORRECT The peritoneum is a type of abdominal membrane. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The peritoneum is a thin, serous membrane that encloses almost all the abdominal organs.
Parts of the pharynx belong to the _____ and digestive systems. A) respiratory B) circulatory C) nervous D) skeletal
Feedback: Correct Answer: The pharynx is the anatomical term for throat; regions within the pharynx are considered to be in the respiratory and digestive systems.
3 CORRECT Why is iodine-131 used to assess thyroid function? A) it has a short half-life B) it becomes absorbed into tissues C) it is radioactive D) the thyroid gland uses iodine
Feedback: Correct Answer: The thyroid gland uses iodine to synthesize its hormones (thyroxine); since iodine-131 is radioactive, it can be traced with devices that can then be used to review the structure of the gland.
19 CORRECT Which of these has the highest atomic weight? A) magnesium B) fluorine C) lithium D) sodium .
Feedback: Correct Answer: The weight of Mg is 24, Na is next with 23; the sum of the protons and neutrons equals the atomic weight
The orbital cavity would contain the _____. A) eyes B) nasal septum C) brain D) teeth
Feedback: Correct Answer: The word orbital refers to the eye socket and associated structures.
6 CORRECT Although there are around 116 elements known, about 24 are not naturally occurring. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: There are 92 naturally occurring elements and about 24 have been man-made or artificially produced in nuclear devices.
The _____ system plays a role in moving fluids, wastes, and bones? A) skeletal B) integumentary C) muscular D) nervous
Feedback: Correct Answer: There are three types of muscle tissue that are all specialized to contract for the purpose of moving something such as blood.
10 CORRECT Radioactive elements will undergo the same types of chemical reactions as their stable counterparts. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: This is the reason that radioactive elements can be used to study organs and metabolic cellular processes, because they react similarly chemically.
A _____ section divides an organ into top and bottom. A) sagittal B) oblique C) coronal D) transverse
Feedback: Correct Answer: Transverse sections are horizontal cuts made through the shortest diameter.
Another name for the cavity in the front or belly side is _____. A) dorsal B) ventral C) abdominopelvic D) vertebral
Feedback: Correct Answer: Ventral refers to belly or anterior side and dorsal refers to back.
Select the correct statement about the science of anatomy. A) Our knowledge of human anatomy has remained the same since the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans. B) Anatomy is concerned with the function of body parts. C) Anatomy is concerned with the structure of body parts. D) The functional role of a body part has little to do with how the part is constructed.
Feedback: Correct: Anatomy is the study of structure.
18 CORRECT At what pH is a solution completely acidic? ____ A) 0 B) 7 C) 14 D) 7.4
Feedback: Correct: Based on the pH scale, pH 0 assumes only H(sup)+(/sup) can be found in the solution.
107 CORRECT The head is considered to be a cephalic area within the axial division of the body. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct: Cephalic refers to the head.
The ______________ system includes all the glands that secrete hormones. A) muscular B) lymphatic C) nervous D) endocrine
Feedback: Correct: Hormones are secreted into the blood by endocrine organs.
15 CORRECT Whenever a partially charged hydrogen comes near a partially charged oxygen on another atom, a _____ bond is formed. A) covalent B) hydrogen C) ionic D) polar covalent
Feedback: Correct: Hydrogen bonding occurs between polar molecules, and is common between H and O, or H and N.
13 CORRECT Which element has the nuclear configuration of 12/6? A) carbon B) oxygen C) N D) K
Feedback: Correct: In the symbol 12/6, the 6 indicates the atomic number. Only one element can have a particular atomic number, and carbon is 6.
5 CORRECT Ionic bonds tend to form between ____________________. A) atoms that have become electrically, and oppositely, charged B) atoms that share a single pair of electrons C) atoms that share two pairs of electrons D) hydrogen and oxygen atoms that bear weak but opposite charges .
Feedback: Correct: Ionic bonds involve oppositely charged particles
71 CORRECT A tumor on the side of the abdomen can be described as being on the _____ surface of the body. A) anterior B) lateral C) medial D) posterior
Feedback: Correct: Lateral refers to the side.
14 CORRECT Of the following, which represents an organic compound? A) H2O B) O2 C) nitrous oxide D) C6H12O6 . .
Feedback: Correct: Organic compounds MUST include C and H
Most of the body's homeostatic mechanisms operate by negative feedback, although a few function through positive feedback. Choose the example from the list below that operates by positive feedback. A) Blood pressure that has dropped too low is caused to increase. B) A baby suckling at the breast stimulates greater milk production. C) Maintenance of a constant body temperature is accomplished through sweating or shivering. D) Regulation of glucose levels in the blood requires the actions of two pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon.
Feedback: Correct: This is an example of positive feedback. More suckling leads to more milk.
110 CORRECT The term visceral refers to structures on the skin surface. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct: Visceral refers to organs of the vental body cavity
Considering all molecules known, inorganic molecules usually contain fewer atoms than organic molecules. A) True B) False
Generally speaking, inorganic molecules tend to be smaller than organic molecules.
Glycogen is a type of _____ and is a storage form of sugar. A) monosaccharide B) disaccharide C) polysaccharide D) milk sugar
Glycogen is a polysaccharide that contains glucose units in branched chains and is produced in skeletal muscles and the liver for the purpose of energy (glucose) storage.
An electrically neutral atom bears what trait? A) It contains protons in its nucleus. B) It contains the same number of protons and neutrons. C) It contains the same number of electrons and protons. D) It contains electrons in its electron shells.
In order to be electrically neutral the number of positive protons and negative electrons must be equal.
Exposure to radiation from medical and dental procedures is less than what one would receive from natural background exposure. A) True B) False
It has been estimated that some people receive more medically related exposure from X-rays and other sources than is present normally in the environment.
Unsaturated fats are comprised of lipids that contain ____. A) nitrogen B) no double bonds C) many hydrogen atoms D) relatively few hydrogen atoms
Lipids are called saturated when they contain many hydrogen atoms; unsaturated implies that they have more double bonds present and are considered more healthy than saturated lipids.
The following are steroids except which one? A) cholesterol B) estrogens C) testosterone D) phospholipid
Phospholipids are lipids that contain a phosphate group; there are several hormones that belong to the steroid group of lipids including vitamin D, testosterone, and the estrogens.
PET is the acronym for a diagnostic tool, which utilizes X-rays to scan internal body structures. A) True B) False
Positron emission tomography views the body by using radioactive isotopes that are given to the patient that will emit positrons or positive electrons that can be
Proteins are most important for the following functions except which one? A) hormone structures B) energy production C) cell structures D) antibodies
Proteins can be used for energy but carbohydrates are the primary sources; antibodies and some hormones are protein derivatives; energy production is the least important role for proteins.
Saturated fats are associated with coronary artery disease. A) True B) False
Saturated fats such as in lard or butter has been associated with the formation of the fatty deposits or atheromas found in coronary arteries that block cardiac flow.
Some smoke detectors can emit radiation. A) True B) False
Some smoke detectors employ gases and other compounds that are radioactive.
Choose the correct statement about proteins and their structure. A) Hydrogen bonding rarely occurs in proteins. B) Most proteins are made from a short chain of amino acids. C) A denatured protein is equally effective as the protein in its original shape. D) A protein's conformation determines its function.
Structure determines function is a concept that includes all levels of organization. Proteins are long chains of amino acids that fold very specifically and bond together with many hydrogen bonds to hold their shape.
The following are monosaccharides except which one? A) glucose B) sucrose C) fructose D) galactose
Sucrose is table sugar and is a disaccharide; the main monosaccharides are glucose, fructose and galactose.
The total pH range compatible with human life is 7.35 to 7.45 in the blood. A) True B) False
The average, normal blood pH range is 7.35-7.45 but the total range for life is around 6.8 to 8.0.
The following are essential needs of the body except which one? A) water B) chemicals C) set point D) pressure
The term set point refers to a homeostatic function of some area such as the hypothalamus in temperature regulation
The smallest complete unit of an element is the _____. A) atom B) molecule C) element D) electron
Correct: An atom is a single unit of an element.
Radioactive isotopes emit energy or particles until they reach a stable form. Which type of radiation emitted by a radioactive isotope can be the most penetrating, and thus the most damaging, to living things? A) alpha radiation B) beta radiation C) gamma radiation D) atomic radiation
Correct: Gamma radiation can penetrate even very thick solids.
Cow's milk is more acidic than apple juice. A) True B) False detected with
Cow's milk is more alkaline with a pH of 6.6 compared with the 3.0 of apple juice.
30 CORRECT The _____ is the smallest particle of an element, which has the properties of the element. A) atom B) electron C) ion D) molecule .
Feedback: Correct Answer: As an example, chlorine is an atom but chlorine gas (Cl is a molecule; electrons are subatomic particles
A cervical lesion could be on the uterus or _____. A) neck B) cheek C) armpit D) abdomen
Feedback: Correct Answer: Cervical means neck area, which could refer to the neck or neck of the uterus.
A mental tumor could be one in the _____. A) brain B) thigh C) lower jaw D) leg .
Feedback: Correct Answer: Mental indicates a lower jaw area.
24 CORRECT The force that water exerts on a system is referred to as the ________. A) hydrophilic factor B) hydrostatic pressure C) atmospheric pressure D) osmotic pressure
Feedback: Correct Answer: Osmotic pressure is a force that tends to draw water towards it; hydrostatic pressure is the force of the water.
94 CORRECT The epididymis is part of the endocrine system. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The epididymis is a male reproductive structure.
The function of the _____ is to remove soluble wastes from the body. A) lungs B) gastrointestinal tract C) kidneys D) skin
Feedback: Correct Answer: The main function of the urinary system is to eliminate water and soluble waste chemicals such as urea.
22 CORRECT The removal of a compound that the body no longer requires is called _____. A) secretion B) excretion C) movement D) digestion
Feedback: Correct Answer: Wastes are defined as substances that are not needed by the body because they are excessive or not able to be assimilated; even water can be a waste; wastes are removed by excretion.
105 CORRECT All body structures must be associated with some type of functions and purposes. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct: All anatomic structures have a function.
Which one of the following traits is not a characteristic of life shared by all organisms? A) circulation B) digestion C) growth D) photosynthesis
Feedback: Correct: Photosynthesis is used by some but not all organisms
Which field, when compared to the others, tends to rely more on experimentation to find new answers? A) anatomy B) physiology C) medical terminology D) history of science
Feedback: Correct: Physiology requires experimentation to prove function. .
An otic abnormality could be a deformed nasal septum. A) True B) False
Feedback: Incorrect: The term otic refers to the ear.
2 CORRECT What is the charge of an elemental atom? A) negative B) positive C) neutral D) constantly changing
Feedback: Correct Answer: Since the number of electrons equals the protons, the charge is always neutral.
The ______________ of the body includes the head, neck, and trunk. A) dorsal cavity B) appendicular portion C) ventral cavity D) axial portion
axial portion
What is the term for a substance that can increase the rate of a reaction without becoming changed? A) reactant B) product C) catalyst D) electrolyte
Catalysts alter reaction rates but do not react chemically during the process; they are recovered at the end and can be used repeatedly.
Metabolism is a term, which can refer to the sum total of all chemical reactions in an organism. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: In a biochemical sense this term is used collectively but in medical usage sometimes metabolism is restricted to only those processes which result in energy production.
29 CORRECT Buildings that contain radon in their structures can cause illness because radon will _____. A) chemically react with human tissues B) produce ionizing radiation C) be absorbed into the blood D) disintegrate
Feedback: Correct Answer: Radon can be radioactive and emit radiation that will cause the formations of ions in tissues exposed to it; these unusual ions disrupt normal metabolism.
92 CORRECT Nerve impulses usually have a relatively slow influence on target organs when compared to hormones. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The action and response of a nerve is almost immediate while chemical hormones require time to modify the metabolism of cells.
Integration and coordination are properties of the _____ system of organs. A) nervous B) circulatory C) excretory D) muscular
Feedback: Correct Answer: The brain and nerves control and regulate all of the information relayed to and from the organs; normal functions such as integration and coordination could not occur without nerve impulses.
Technically speaking, HCl is a correct formula for a strong acid. A) True B) False
Inorganic acids, like HCl and HF, tend to be strong acids
Anatomy is a term, which means the study of _____. A) physiology B) morphology C) cell functions D) human functions
Physiology is the study of the function of living cells and organisms, teleology is the philosophy that ascribes a purpose for something and anatomy is the study of structures or morphology.
Protons all bear positive charges while neutrons have no net charge. A) True B) False
Protons are positive, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negative.
Chemical reactions occur as bonds are formed or broken between molecules. The molecules that are changed by a reaction are called _______________. A) products B) ions C) reactants D) acids .
Reactants begin a reaction. Products are the ending
Which of the following is not a major part of the endocrine system? A) pituitary B) thyroid C) brain D) adrenal .
The brain is part of the nervous system, the other structures are endocrine glands
A person could not survive with a blood pH of 6 or 8.2. A) True B) False sophisticated devices
These numbers are outside the range compatible with life, which is around 6.8 to 8.0.
Myoglobin, hemoglobin, and many enzymes are ________________ proteins. A) globular B) fibrous C) linear D) pleated sheet
These proteins all have tertiary structure, which makes them globular
104 CORRECT The term acromial indicates the elbow area. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: Acromial refers to a shoulder area.
_____ formulas display the relative positions of each atom within a molecule. A) Empirical B) Structural C) Molecular D) Nuclear
Feedback: Correct Answer: Structural formulas indicate the position of atoms around each other while molecular or empirical formulas only specify number of atoms.
10 CORRECT The reaction NaCl ? Na+ + Cl-, as written, represents what type of reaction? A) synthesis reaction B) decomposition reaction C) exchange reaction D) reversible reaction
Feedback: Correct: Bonds are only broken in this reaction.
9 CORRECT Which of these molecular formulas represents a compound? A) H2 B) O2 C) N2 D) C6H12O6
Feedback: Correct: Compounds are combinations of more than one element. Molecules contain more than one of the same element.
12 CORRECT DNA contains each of the following components, except ______________. A) 5-carbon sugar B) a single polynucleotide chain C) phosphate group D) organic base
Feedback: Correct: DNA is a double polynucleotide chain. Each nucleotide has a deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
The presence of electrolytes in the body is more important than their relative amounts. A) True B) False :
The relative concentrations and proportions of electrolytes is absolutely essential to the maintenance of electrolyte balance and life.
108 CORRECT A carpal fracture is one that occurs to the bones found within the ankle. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct: The carpals are in the wrist. Tarsals are in the ankle.
The fundamental unit of polysaccharides is glucose. A) True B) False
Correct Answer: Dextrose is another term for glucose which is the basic sugar unit found in all complex polysaccharides.
What is the most abundant compound in the human body? A) water B) oxygen C) carbon D) protein
Humans are two-thirds water by weight; carbon is not a compound, but an element.
Which of the following is not nearly as abundant as the others in living cells? A) Na B) Mn C) P D) N
Mn is a trace mineral. Na, P, N are among the bulk elements.
The study dealing with the explanations of how an organ works would be an example of _____. A) anatomy B) cytology C) teleology D) physiology
Physiology is the study of the function of living cells and organisms; teleology is the philosophy that describes a purpose for something.
The property of responsiveness means that an organism will respond abnormally if stimulated. A) True B) False
Responsiveness means that a cell or organism will make a response if stimulated.
Isotopes of the same element vary in the number of _______________ they contain. A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons D) radioactive particles
In order for an element to remain the same the number of protons can NOT change. If electrons change it becomes an ion of that same atom. But if neutrons change it is called an isotope.
Elements that are radioactive isotopes react in similar chemical ways to their relatively stable counterparts, such as 12C and 14C. A) True B) False :
Isotopes contain only different numbers of neutrons. It is the electrons that determine an atoms reactivity.
A popliteal pulse would be felt above the femur. A) True B) False
The popliteal area is located behind the knee.
102 CORRECT The term transverse is identical to horizontal section. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: A transverse plane is sometimes called horizontal or a cross-section.
A person could have a blood pH of 7.2 and considered to have excess acidity or acidosis. A) True B) False .
Normal blood pH is 7.35-7.45 and is considered chemically alkaline but physiologically normal; 7.2 is physiologically acidic but chemically alkaline.
The _____ separates the thoracic from abdominal cavities. A) pelvis B) rib cage C) diaphragm D) peritoneum .
The diaphragm is the muscular lower portion of the thoracic cavity
All body structures must be associated with some type of functions and purposes. A) True B) False
Although our understanding of all of the functions of the body is limited, it could be assumed that everything has a function since the human organism has survived the test of time.
The process of turning molecules that are ingested into forms that are compatible with the organism is _____. A) digestion B) absorption C) assimilation D) circulation
Assimilation is the changing of absorbed compounds into usable forms in the organism; digestion is the process of breaking large molecules into smaller ones.
11 CORRECT A _____ section divides the body into right and left. A) coronal B) transverse C) sagittal D) frontal
Feedback: Correct Answer: A sagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves and is at right angles to the coronal and transverse planes.
23 CORRECT When a nurse takes someone's temperature, they are directly assessing a _____. A) metabolic activity B) sign of illness C) vital sign D) core temperature
Feedback: Correct Answer: A vital sign is an observable piece of evidence, such as blood pressure, that a person is functioning correctly.
A system is defined as a group of _____ that function together. A) cells B) tissues C) molecules D) organs
Feedback: Correct Answer: An organ system or system is defined as a group of organs that function for a specified purpose such as the circulatory system; a tissue is a group of similar cells.
The forearm is a/an _____ area. A) antecubital B) antebrachial C) cephalic D) crural
Feedback: Correct Answer: Antebrachial means in front of the upper arm; antecubital is in front of the elbow.
A _____ fracture occurred in the hip area. A) gluteal B) lumbar C) costal D) coxal
Feedback: Correct Answer: Coxa is the name of the hip bone; costal refers to the ribs.
The following are sinus areas except which one? A) frontal B) maxillary C) ethmoid D) cranial
Feedback: Correct Answer: Cranial is used properly as a cavity; there are frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid and mastoid sinuses.
Death is recognized as the absence of vital signs and absence of brain activity. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: Death is a condition that occurs when the body is no longer able to demonstrate any metabolic activity; throughout history, the exact moment of death has been difficult to assess, but currently cessation of brain activity is one criterion.
Hormones are chemicals of the _____ system that affect target areas. A) cardiovascular B) endocrine C) exocrine D) nervous
Feedback: Correct Answer: Hormones are endocrine chemicals which are secreted internally into the blood but have target cell or organ effects.
The lower ribs are located in the _____ region. A) lumbar B) epigastric C) hypogastric D) hypochondriac
Feedback: Correct Answer: Hypochondriac means below the cartilage, as example it may refer to the cartilage of the ribs.
Which of the following is the same as inguinal? A) epigastric B) hypochondriac C) lumbar D) iliac
Feedback: Correct Answer: Iliac is the same lower area as the inguinal.
A decrease in blood glucose that causes the inhibition of insulin is an example of _____. A) positive feedback B) negative feedback C) abnormal function D) the action of glucagon .
Feedback: Correct Answer: Negative feedback occurs when a parameter such as blood sugar sends information back to the pancreas causing insulin to lower blood glucose levels
The wrist is the most _____ part of the hand region. A) proximal B) distal C) superior D) inferior
Feedback: Correct Answer: Proximal and distal are the best terms to use with the limbs. Superior is correct, but only in anatomical position.
If an organism displays the ability to reproduce itself at some time, including microorganisms, it is probably living. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: Reproduction is one of the essential properties of living cells or organisms; by this criterion viruses are not examples of living cells because they cannot reproduce themselves outside of a living host cell.
The exchanging of gases for the purpose of producing energy is called _____. A) breathing B) respiration C) circulation D) responsiveness
Feedback: Correct Answer: Respiration is the exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen; during this exchange there are several complex chemical reactions that take place for the production of energy.
Which of the following is an example of a normal homeostatic event? A) sweating during a test B) shivering when it is cold C) developing a headache D) muscle strain .
Feedback: Correct Answer: Shivering is an attempt to increase body temperature through muscle contraction which is the major source of heat; the other examples are abnormal, not normal homeostatic events
The following are examples of homeostatic parameters or body values except which one? A) heart rate B) blood pressure C) blood glucose levels D) insulin production
Feedback: Correct Answer: The body does not maintain the rate of the heart at a stable level since heart rate falls and rises in response to the demands of the body; the other factors are regulated to the extent that blood tests can be reliably performed.
The following are components of the excretory system except which one? A) lungs B) large intestine C) integument D) salivary glands
Feedback: Correct Answer: The elimination of wastes is done by four primary systems but the salivary glands secrete mucus which is not considered a waste.
Which of the following is not a respiratory organ? A) trachea B) bronchi C) esophagus D) larynx
Feedback: Correct Answer: The esophagus is a digestive organ while the others are respiratory.
86 CORRECT A bone cell would function the same whether it was alone or together with a group of similar cells. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The function of individual cells (cytology) is uniquely different from a group of cells (histology) acting as a unit.
Which of the following would not be covered by visceral peritoneum? A) heart B) stomach C) intestines D) liver
Feedback: Correct Answer: The heart is enclosed by the pericardial membranes, the other structures are abdominal.
The skin belongs to the _____ system. A) nervous B) integumentary C) circulatory D) muscular
Feedback: Correct Answer: The integument, or skin, includes the tissues that cover the entire body.
The _____ system returns tissue fluids to the heart. A) circulatory B) lymphatic C) integumentary D) histologic
Feedback: Correct Answer: The lymphatic vessels return fluid that has been lost into the tissues from the circulatory system back into the circulatory system.
Insulin decreases blood sugar levels while glucagon acts to increase blood glucose. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The most common blood sugar is glucose which is maintained by several hormones including insulin and glucagon that act in opposite directions.
85 CORRECT Properties of an organ are usually considered to be the same as those of an organ system. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The properties of each level of organization are unique; as example, the beating of a heart outside of the body would not be able to be influenced by the same control mechanisms existing in the intact organism that affect heart function.
91 CORRECT Serous fluid is usually protective and thick in consistency. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The serous fluid membranes are very wet and slippery to reduce friction.
The arms lie on the _____ surface of the trunk. A) medial B) lateral C) distal D) posterior
Feedback: Correct Answer: The sides of the trunk are lateral surfaces.
90 CORRECT The thymus gland lies on top of the heart in the mediastinum. A) True B) False
Feedback: Correct Answer: The thymus gland is located near the great vessels on the heart, in the mediastinum.
A tumor on top of the head would be on the _____ surface. A) inferior B) superior C) medial D) lateral
Feedback: Correct Answer: The top of the head would be a superior surface which means above.
The following are correct cavity terms except which one? A) oral B) nasal C) frontal D) middle ear
Feedback: Correct Answer: There is a frontal sinus but no frontal cavity.
The central abdominal area is the _____ region. A) iliac B) hypogastric C) peritoneal D) umbilical
Feedback: Correct Answer: Umbilical refers to the navel or bellybutton area.
The navel is located on the _____ surface. A) cranial B) ventral C) dorsal D) inferior
Feedback: Correct Answer: Ventral refers to the belly or anterior area; the navel is on the ventral surface.
The transportation of heat in the body is mainly a property of the _____ it contains. A) food B) oxygen C) water D) pressure
Feedback: Correct Answer: Water has special properties of polarity that enable it to transport heat; pressure is a force that explains the movement of water such as the flow of blood.
Which of the following includes the other terms? A) cell B) tissue C) system D) organ
Feedback: Correct: A system is the highest level of organization and includes all of the lower levels of organization.
Which of the following pairs of terms is not correct? A) ophthalmic, eyes B) pectoral, chest C) axillary, armpit D) costal, abdomen
Feedback: Correct: Costal refers to ribs. Abdominal refers to the abdomen.
All organisms share a set of basic requirements. These include all of the following, with the exception of _____________, which is not required by all organisms, even if it is present in many. A) carbon dioxide B) oxygen C) pressure D) food and water
Feedback: Correct: Even though most organisms contain carbon dioxide for some, including humans, it is a waste product.
What is another name for a frontal section? A) transverse B) coronal C) sagittal D) occipital
Feedback: Correct: Frontal and coronal are the same.
The lower arm is _____________ to the stomach area, while the head is ________________ to the stomach. A) medial; peripheral B) proximal; anterior C) lateral; superior D) inferior; superficial
Feedback: Correct: Lateral and superior are the most appropriate terms to use.
Which of the following means the same as lower back? A) lumbar B) pelvic C) inguinal D) gluteal
Feedback: Correct: Lumbar means lower back.
Which of the following terms cannot be properly paired? A) cranial, skull B) frontal, forehead C) nasal, buccal D) orbital, eyes
Feedback: Correct: Nasal and nose are the same and buccal means cheek.
The human liver is primarily located in the _____________________. A) right upper quadrant of the abdominal area B) left lower quadrant of the abdominal area C) right iliac region D) left hypochondriac region
Feedback: Correct: The human liver is immediately inferior to the diaphragm on the right side.
The ____________ system is responsible for transporting tissue fluid and also houses the body's disease-fighting cells. A) integumentary B) cardiovascular C) lymphatic D) digestive
Feedback: Correct: The lymphatic system is the bodies major transporter of excess fluid and contains many white blood cells.
The lungs are covered by a membrane called the _______________. A) parietal pleura B) visceral pleura C) parietal pericardium D) peritoneum
Feedback: Correct: Visceral refers to covering the organ, and pleura refers to the lungs.
The process in which cells and organisms are able to maintain a stable balance of internal and external substances and forces is called _____. A) equilibrium B) adaptation C) adjustment D) homeostasis
Homeostasis is a physiological term for the apparent stability that exists within an organism; equilibrium is not exactly the same because equilibrium implies that substances are equal in and outside a cell, when in a homeostatic sense they are not equal but they are "normal
The wrist is _____ to the fingers with respect to the elbow. A) distal B) inferior C) superior D) proximal
Proximal is used to indicate a structure near something; it is assumed that all terms are used relative to the center of the body; the wrist is proximal to the fingers but distal to the elbow.
