A&P HW12/Q12

Renal pelvis

A major calyx is a component of which of the following anatomical structures? Renal pelvis Renal cortex Renal sinus Renal medulla

hypothalamus

ADH is produced in the _______. posterior pituitary hypothalamus adrenal cortex anterior pituitary

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________. equal to the pressure in the atmosphere less than the pressure in the atmosphere greater than the pressure in the atmosphere greater than the intra-alveolar pressure

25 mm Hg

Calculate the net filtration pressure if capillary hydrostatic pressure is 60 mm Hg, capillary osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg, and capsular hydrostatic pressure is 10 mm Hg. 25 mm Hg 35 mm Hg 60 mm Hg 50 mm Hg

an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium

During reabsorption of water in the proximal convoluted tubule, what causes water to diffuse from the lumen into the interstitial space? active transport of water an increase in the osmolarity of the interstitium a decrease in the osmolarity of the interstitium

diaphragm descends, thoracic volume begins to increase, and rib cage rises

For inspiration of air, which of the following happens first? air (gases) flows into lungs thoracic cavity volume decreases intrapulmonary pressure drops diaphragm descends, thoracic volume begins to increase, and rib cage rises

Cortex, medulla, renal pelvis, ureter

Identify the correct direction of urine flow from formation to exiting the kidney. Cortex, medulla, ureter, renal pelvis Cortex, medulla, renal pelvis, ureter Ureter, renal pelvis, medulla, cortex Medulla, cortex, renal pelvis, ureter

net filtration would decrease

If the osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increased from 28 mm Hg to 35 mm Hg, would net filtration increase or decrease? net filtration would decrease net filtration would increase net filtration would not be altered

ADH - low; 100 mOsm (urine)

In overhydration, what would be the levels of ADH (high, normal, or low) and what would be the osmolarity of the urine? ADH - high; 600 mOsm (urine) ADH - high; 100 mOsm (urine) ADH - low; 600 mOsm (urine) ADH - low; 100 mOsm (urine)

ADH - high; low urine flow rate (0.25 ml/min)

In severe dehydration or blood loss, what would be the levels of ADH and what would be the urine flow rate? ADH - high; high urine flow rate (16 ml/min) ADH - low; high urine flow rate (16 ml/min) ADH - high; low urine flow rate (0.25 ml/min) ADH - low; low urine flow rate (0.25 ml/min)

spaces surrounding the kidney tubule

Interstitial fluid is located in the _______. glomerulus tubule lumen spaces surrounding the kidney tubule peritubular capillaries

transcellular

Most solutes that are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule use which of the following pathways? paracellular transcellular

Fibrous capsule

Name the strong transparent covering that encases the kidney. Broad ligament Perirenal fat capsule Fibrous capsule Renal fascia

decrease urine output

Secretion of ADH would _______. increase glomerular filtration rate decrease urine output increase urine output decrease glomerular filtration rate

sodium

The active transport of which ion out of proximal convoluted tubule cells causes the reabsorption of both water and solutes? chloride potassium sodium

the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in the basolateral membrane

The decreased intracellular concentration of sodium in tubular cells during active transport is caused by which of the following mechanisms? the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in the luminal membrane the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in the basolateral membrane sodium-glucose cotransporter passive sodium channels

False

The fibrous capsule is a layer of adipose tissue that surrounds the kidney.

False

The medullary pyramids contain collecting tubules (ducts) that travel towards the renal cortex, carrying urine to exit the kidney.

blood calcium level

The rate of kidney filtrate formation would normally be dependent upon all of the following factors except __________. renal artery/arteriole diameters systemic blood pressure blood calcium level filtration membrane integrity

is passive, depends on concentration gradients and is into the peritubular capillaries

The reabsorption of water and solutes _______. is passive, depends on concentration gradients and is into the peritubular capillaries is passive and is into the peritubular capillaries is passive is into the peritubular capillaries depends on concentration gradients

Boyle's law

The relationship between gas pressure and gas volume is described by ________. Boyle's law Henry's law Charles' law Dalton's law

a change in body fluid osmolarity

The secretion of ADH is directly stimulated by _______. a change in body fluid osmolarity angiotensin I renin angiotensin

angiotensin II

The secretion of aldosterone is directly stimulated by _______. a change in body fluid osmolarity angiotensin II angiotensin I renin

True

The ureter, blood vessels, and nerves penetrate the kidney on its medial surface.

with both ADH and aldosterone

The urine was the most concentrated _______. with aldosterone without ADH without both ADH and aldosterone with both ADH and aldosterone with ADH but without aldosterone

True

To produce the pressure gradient responsible for inspiration, thoracic volume must first increase in order to decrease intrapulmonary pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.

The urine volume decreased.

What happened to the urine volume when the solute gradient in the interstitial space was increased? The urine volume stayed the same. The urine volume decreased. The urine volume increased. The urine volume went to zero.

Collects newly formed urine

What is the function of the renal pelvis? Collects newly formed urine Receives the glomerular filtrate Changes the composition of urine Filters waste products out of the blood

number of transport carriers in the luminal membrane

What is the limiting factor for the reabsorption of most actively transported solutes in the proximal tubule? number of transport carriers in the basolateral membrane number of transport carriers in the luminal membrane number of sodium-potassium ATPase pumps in the basolateral membrane

isotonic - 300 mOsm

What is the osmolarity of the filtrate at the end of the proximal tubule? hypertonic - 600 mOsm hypertonic - 1200 mOsm hypotonic - 100 mOsm isotonic - 300 mOsm

hydrostatic pressure of blood (blood pressure)

What is the primary driving force (pressure) that produces glomerular filtration? gravity colloid osmotic pressure of blood hydrostatic pressure of blood (blood pressure)

The urine volume will increase.

What will happen to the urine volume if ADH is NOT added to the collecting duct? The urine volume will increase. The urine volume will decrease. The urine volume will go to zero. The urine volume will stay the same.

urine concentration increases

When ADH is present in the filtrate, _______. urine concentration increases and urine output increases urine concentration decreases urine concentration decreases and urine output increases urine output increases urine concentration increases

intravenous saline

When given to a patient, which of the following substances would increase his or her urinary output? antidiuretic hormone albumin aldosterone intravenous saline

Renal medulla

Where are the renal columns located? Renal medulla Renal pelvis Renal cortex Renal pyramids

Renal cortex

Where does filtration of the blood occur within the kidneys? Renal pelvis Renal medulla Renal cortex Renal pyramids

Renal corpuscle

Where does the kidney filter the blood? Renal tubule Renal corpuscle Renal pyramid Renal pelvis

Hilum

Where does the ureter penetrate the kidney? Carina Renal medullla Hilum Renal cortex

ADH

Which hormone had the greater effect on urine volume? ADH Neither ADH nor aldosterone affected urine volume. Both ADH and aldosterone had an equal effect on urine volume. aldosterone

the internal intercostal, oblique, and transversus muscles

Which muscles are activated during forced expiration? the internal intercostal, oblique, and transversus muscles the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles the diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles the scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, and pectoralis minor muscles

negative intrapleural pressure

Which of the following creates an adhesive force that prevents separation of the parietal and visceral pleurae during ventilation? negative intrapulmonary pressure negative intrapleural pressure alveolar fluid surface tension lung elasticity

terminal bronchiole

Which of the following is a conducting zone structure? terminal bronchiole alveolar duct respiratory bronchiole alveolar sac

surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity

Which of the following is responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall? the visceral pleurae and the changing volume of the lungs the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles alone the smooth muscles of the lung surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity

intrapleural pressure

Which of the following pressures must remain negative to prevent lung collapse? atmospheric pressure intrapleural pressure transpulmonary pressure intrapulmonary pressure

Renal cortex

Which of the following regions of the kidney is in contact with the fibrous capsule? Renal pyramid Renal pelvis Renal medulla Renal cortex

ADH is released by the posterior pituitary gland.

Which of the following statements about ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is correct? ADH would increase urine volume. ADH inserts water channels into the luminal membrane of the proximal tubules. ADH is released by the posterior pituitary gland. ADH is synthesized by the adrenal gland and works in the kidney.

Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption by increasing the number of Na+-K+ ATPase pumps in the luminal membrane of the proximal tubule.

Which of the following statements about aldosterone is NOT correct? Aldosterone increases the number of passive sodium channels in the luminal membrane of the distal tubule and collecting duct, thus aiding sodium reabsorption. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption by increasing the number of Na+-K+ ATPase pumps in the luminal membrane of the proximal tubule. Aldosterone is stimulated by decreased plasma sodium levels and increased plasma potassium levels. Aldosterone is produced in the adrenal cortex.

blood cells and large particles

Which of the following substances is not normally found in filtrate? water and small solutes nitrogenous waste particles, such as urea ions, such as sodium and potassium blood cells and large particles

Na+-H+ countertransport

Which of the following transporters in the luminal membrane results in secretion? Na+-glucose cotransporter Na+-H+ countertransport glucose carrier transporter potassium ion channel

Renal cortex

Which region of the kidney is the most superficial? Renal cortex Renal column Renal pelvis Renal medulla

Renal columns

Which structure is found separating the renal pyramids? Renal papillae Ureter Renal columns Renal pelvis

alveolus

Which structure is lined with simple squamous epithelium? alveolus trachea nasopharynx oropharynx

protein

Which substance would be found in higher concentration if the membrane were damaged? protein chloride creatinine glucose

the potassium concentration increased and urine volume decreased

With ADH added but in the absence of aldosterone, _______. urine volume decreased the potassium concentration decreased and urine volume decreased the potassium concentration decreased the potassium concentration increased the potassium concentration increased and urine volume decreased

decreased the urine volume

dition of aldosterone _______. resulted in no change in urine volume increased the urine volume decreased the urine volume to zero decreased the urine volume

The urine concentration increased.

hat happened to the urine concentration when the solute gradient in the interstitial space was increased? The urine concentration stayed the same. The urine concentration decreased. The urine concentration increased. The urine concentration went to zero.