A&P II Ch 22.2 Exam 2

Hemoglobin is composed of how many subunits? 2 3 1 4

4

What is the normal systemic arterial blood value for PCO2? 10 mm Hg 20 mm Hg 65 mm Hg 40 mm Hg

40 mm Hg

What is the normal systemic arterial blood gas value for PO2? 40 mm Hg 65 mm Hg 25 mm Hg 95 mm Hg

95 mm Hg

Which term refers to an acid-base imbalance in which the blood pH is lower than 7.35? Apnea Acidosis Anemia Alkalosis

Acidosis

Which term refers to an acid-base imbalance in which the blood pH is higher than 7.45? Acidosis Alkalosis Hypocapnia Hypercapnia

Alkalosis

Which term refers to the exchange of gases across the respiratory membrane? Systemic gas exchange Cellular respiration Alveolar gas exchange Ventilation

Alveolar gas exchange

Where does systemic gas exchange occur? Across the respiratory membrane At the capillary networks of the tissues In the trachea Mitochondrion

At the capillary networks of the tissues

Carbon dioxide is transported in different forms in the blood. What is the most common form? Bicarbonate ion Dissolved gas Carboxyhemoglobin Carbaminohemoglobin

Bicarbonate ion

Oxygen is unloaded in the body tissues because the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is lower in the systemic capillaries (compared to its affinity in the alveolar capillaries). Which factor contributes to this? Carbaminohemoglobin can only be formed in the lungs. CO2 produced in the peripheral tissues leads to increased H+ concentration. Hemoglobin unloads more oxygen at lower temperatures. PO2 is higher in the peripheral tissues.

CO2 produced in the peripheral tissues leads to increased H+ concentration.

Select all that apply What are the four predominant components of inspired air? Select four options from the list below. Carbon dioxide Oxygen Water vapor Carbon monoxide Sulfur Nitrogen

Carbon dioxide Oxygen Water vapor Nitrogen

Which term refers to hemoglobin that is not transporting any oxygen? Deoxyhemoglobin Carbaminohemoglobin Ahemoglobin Cyanoglobin

Deoxyhemoglobin

Select all that apply Identify the forms in which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood. Dissolved gas Carbaminohemoglobin Bound to heme Carboxyhemoglobin Bicarbonate ion

Dissolved gas Carbaminohemoglobin Bicarbonate ion

The term _____ describes a condition where there is an excess of CO2 in arterial blood (PCO2 greater than 43 mm Hg).

Hypercapnia

Which term refers to an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood? Multiple choice question. Acidosis Hypocapnia Hypercapnia Alkalosis

Hypercapnia

Which best describes the action of carbonic anhydrase? It binds bicarbonate to hemoglobin as a buffer. It converts carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid which dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. It converts carbonic acid into carbon dioxide and water which are then transported into red blood cells. It binds carbon dioxide to hemoglobin forming carbaminohemoglobin.

It converts carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid which dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.

Select all that apply Which two factors facilitate systemic unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin in the peripheral tissues? Select two answers from the list below. Active transport of O2 out of the blood stream Lower PO2 in tissue fluid Cooler temperatures Binding of protons to hemoglobin

Lower PO2 in tissue fluid Binding of protons to hemoglobin

Which best defines alveolar gas exchange? Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the respiratory membrane Exchange of fluid between capillary blood and the surrounding tissue Movement of air in and out of the lungs via inhalation and exhalation Flow of air into the alveoli of the lungs

Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the respiratory membrane

Which gas has the greatest partial pressure in inspired air? Carbon monoxide Oxygen Water vapor Nitrogen Carbon dioxide

Nitrogen

Which term refers to the exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) that occurs in the capillary networks between the blood and the body's cells? Cellular respiration Systemic gas exchange Ventilation Alveolar gas exchange

Systemic gas exchange

What does oxygen bind to in the hemoglobin molecule? The globin group Lipid side chains on the globin group The heme group Both the heme and the globin

The heme group

Which best summarizes the Bohr effect? More O2 will dissolve in the blood at higher pressures. The rate of CO2 loading into the blood is increased in metabolically active tissues. Excessive inflation of the lungs will temporarily inhibit the I neurons and stop inspiration. The rate of O2 unloading is increased in metabolically active tissues due to increased acidity.

The rate of O2 unloading is increased in metabolically active tissues due to increased acidity.

A blood pH of 7.1 would be called ______. acidosis alkalosis

acidosis

Refers to a shift in the pH of blood above 7.45

alkalosis

Most carbon dioxide in the blood is transported in the form of ______ dissolved in the plasma. oxyhemoglobin carbaminohemoglobin deoxyhemoglobin bicarbonate

bicarbonate

The enzyme found in erythrocytes that catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions, is _____ anhydrase.

carbonic

Hemoglobin that is not bound to oxygen is called ______. myoglobin oxyhemoglobin deoxyhemoglobin

deoxyhemoglobin