A&P II CHAPTER 16: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (tophat questions)

Which of the following is/are more specific functions of the endocrine system?

-Growth -Sexual maturation -Increasing metabolism

Hormone target cells ________________. Select all that apply.

-are found throughout the body -express a receptor for that hormone -convert the information carried in the hormone structure into a cellular signal -play key roles in the regulation of physiological processes

Which of the following would require a second messenger system to generate an effect?

-water soluble hormones -hydrophilic -lipophobic

How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?

2

Which of the following is NOT a property of hormones? A.released in very high quantities B.Move through diffusion or in the plasma C.Released in response to changes in homeostasis D.Bind to receptors on target cells

A.released in very high quantities

In a second messenger system, after a hormone binds to a receptor, which of the following would occur next?

Activation of G protein

A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP?

Adenylate cyclase will not be activated.

What would be the effect of a parathyroid tumor that over-secretes PTH?

Calcification of soft tissues

Which of the following hormones is released from the thyroid gland and decreases blood Ca++ levels?

Calcitonin

match the following endocrine glands with the hormones they secrete: Adrenal

Epinephrine

Place the events of growth hormone production in order from start to finish.

Exercise effects are registered in the thalamus Hypothalamus activated Secretion of growth hormone releasing hormone(GHRH) Anterior pituitary activated Secretion of growth hormone (GH) Growth occurs

True or False: Water-soluble hormones are hydrophobic / lipophilic.

False

A hypothalamic tumor that resulted in an over secretion of GnRH would lead to elevated blood levels of ______________.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)/ Luteinizing hormone (LH)

The receptors to which thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) binds are located on:

Follicular cells of the thyroid gland

If lipophobic/hydrophillic hormones cannot diffuse into the target cell, they must utilize ________.

G-protein coupled receptors

Place the steps of a GPCR in the correct order.

Horomone binds to a receptor Activation of a G-protein G-protein binds Protein binds to remember this enzyme of a second messenger activation of enzymes activation of enzymes

Which type of hormone cannot diffuse into the target cell?

Hydrophillic

__________ hormones use second messenger systems to achieve their metabolic goal.

Hydrophillic, Lipophobic

Which type of hormone would diffuse directly into the cell to impact the DNA?

Hydrophobic

Which of the following will lead to feedback inhibition of hypothalamic production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)?

Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Increased levels of Thyroxine (T4)

Which of the following descriptors would convince someone that a compound is likely a hormone?

It is released into the blood in response to a change in a physiological parameter

If steroids are derived from cholesterol (lipid), does which of the following would describe steroid hormones? A.Hydrophilic B.Hydrophobic C.Lipophilic D.Lipophobic

Lipophilic, Hydrophobic

What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

Maintain homeostasis

Calcitonin would decrease blood calcium levels by doing which of the following? Stores Ca++ as glycogen Mineralizing bone Resorbing bone

Mineralizing bone

Which of the following statements best describes the similarities between peptide and steroid hormones?

Peptides and steroids travel through the blood to target tissues.

Which of the following is a function of oxytocin? Inhibits prolactin Stimulates uterine contraction during pregnancy Regulates body temperature None of the above

Stimulates uterine contraction during pregnancy

The secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by ____________ .

TSH from the anterior pituitary

Which of the following would best describe how water soluble hormones travel in the blood.

Which of the following would best describe how water soluble hormones travel in the blood.

Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true? It is located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx. The parathyroid glands are embedded within it. It secretes three hormones. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Steroid hormones are:

based on cholesterol

The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the anterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of _________ .

blood vessels

Select all of the following that are considered 2nd messengers. cAMP Adenylate cyclase Protein kinase Diacyglyerol (DAG) Inositol triphoasphate (IP3)

cAMP, Diacyglyerol (DAG), Inositol triphoasphate (IP3)

match the following endocrine glands with the hormones they secrete: Kidney

calcitriol

In the elderly, decreased thyroid function causes ________ .

decreased basal metabolic rate

What does phobic mean?

fear/to hate

Which of the following is NOT a gland found in the endocrine system?

heart

What does the term specificity mean with regards to hormones?

hormones bind and affect tissues that have the receptors which fits that hormone.

What does phillic mean?

love

match the following endocrine glands with the hormones they secrete: Pineal

melatonin

The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of _________ .

nerve axons

Sort the following levels of organization from most complex to least complex.

organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cellular, chemical

Increase levels of PTH would increase the activity of ___________ and would _________ blood calcium levels.

osteoclasts; increase

Endocrine glands__________.

secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream

You look at a slide of tissue from the small intestines. You notice that the small intestines have small projections called villi that increase surface area and each villi has a network of blood vessels (capillary) within it. You surmise that his is likely an area of nutrient absorption because increased surface area and blood supply will help increase the amount of nutrient absorbed. This is an example of:

structure informing function

When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates .

the activity of osteoclasts

Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone? antidiuretic hormone (ADH) oxytocin thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) cortisol

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

match the following endocrine glands with the hormones they secrete: Thyroid

thyroxine