A&P II CHAPTER 25 HW/QUIZ

Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body. 1. major calyx 2. minor calyx 3. nephron 4. urethra 5. ureter 6. collecting duct

3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4

The renal corpuscle is made up of ________.

Bowman's capsule and glomerulus

An excessive urine output is called anuria.

False

Cortical nephrons are responsible for producing concentrated urine.

False

Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process.

False

High blood pressure triggers granular cells of the juxtaglomerular complex to release renin.

False

The proximal convoluted tubule is the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.

False

Capsular hydrostatic pressure is the chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood and across the filtration membrane.

False When the forces directed out of the capillary (glomerulus) exceed the forces directed into the capillary, net filtration pressure is positive, and filtration occurs. Glomerular hydrostatic (blood) pressure is the chief (outward directed) force pushing water and solutes out of the blood and across the filtration membrane.

Which of the following does NOT describe the juxtaglomerular complex?

Its macula densa cells produce aldosterone.

In the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water.

True

In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the nephron loop of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.

True

Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition.

True

Salt is actively transported out of the filtrate in the nephron loop.

True

Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH.

Tubular secretion is effective in controlling blood pH. True

What hormone promotes active tubular secretion of potassium ions and reabsorption of sodium ions in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting ducts? Summary of chemical exchanges at functional areas of the nephron.

aldosterone Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex promotes active tubular secretion of potassium ions in the late distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting ducts. It is secreted in indirect response to actions of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.

arcuate

The descending limb of the nephron loop ________.

contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla

Your patient's urinalysis shows a large amount of protein in the urine. This suggests a problem in the ____________

glomerulus If the glomerular capillary is damaged, large molecules such as proteins can pass through the filtration membrane and appear in the urine.

Which capillary bed produces filtrate? Relationship between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons with their vasculature.

glomerulus The glomerulus (capillary bed) in the glomerular capsule produces filtrate due to the high fluid pressure within the vessels.

Polycystic kidney disease always affects both kidneys instead of only the right or left kidney because ______.

it is a genetic disease Abnormal genes cause polycystic kidney disease, which means the disease runs in families. There are two types of polycystic kidney disease, caused by different genetic flaws.

Which of the choices below is the salt level-monitoring part of the nephron?

macula densa

Which pressure accounts for the other three?

net filtration pressure Net filtration pressure is a combination of glomerular hydrostatic pressure minus capsular hydrostatic pressure and colloidal osmotic pressure.

The fluid in glomerular capsule is similar to plasma except that it does NOT contain a significant amount of ________.

plasma protein

Where in the nephron does most solute reabsorption occur?

proximal convoluted tubule The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is where most reabsorption takes place.

In which kidney region are all renal corpuscles located? Histological and structural areas of a nephron.

renal cortex All renal corpuscles are located in the renal cortex. The glomerular capsule wraps around the glomerulus, whose blood source is the cortical radiate artery.

An important physical characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density, which is ________.

slightly higher than water

Approximately 80% of the energy used for active transport is devoted to the reabsorption of __________.

sodium About 80% of the energy used for active transport is devoted to reabsorbing sodium. Na+ is actively transported out of the tubule cells by primary active transport—a Na+-K+ ATPase pump in the basolateral membranes.