A&P II test 2

When the antigens on erythrocytes bind with antibodies in the plasma:

Agglutination of erythrocytes occurs

Adaptive immunity is stimulated by:

Antigens

What are the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins?

Antigens to identify cells as self

Antibodies are produced by

B cells that differentiate to form plasma cells

The antibodies that circulate in the plasma are made by:

B lymphocytes or plasma cells, which are part of the immune system

In adults, red blood cells are made in one place, spend most of their lifespan in another, and most are finally destroyed in yet another place.

Bone marrow; blood vessels; spleen

Complement proteins:

Can form holes in the plasma membrane of target cells

The movement of leukocytes to the source of certain chemicals is called:

Chemotaxis

Cell-mediated immunity would be least effective against:

Extracellular antigens

The lymphatic system is involved in:

Fat absorption from the digestive tract

The Plasma component that forms the fibrin mesh in a blood clot is:

Fibrinogen

The spleen:

Filters damaged red blood cells from the blood

Transplanted tissues and organs that contain _______ _______ are rejected by the body

Foreign antigens

Stem cells:

Give rise to formed elements in the blood

T cells are divided into two primary groups, effector and regulatory. Which of the following are regulatory T cells?

Helper T cells

The redness and heat seen in an inflamed area are the result of:

Increased blood flow to the area

Which of the following would lead to increase erythropoiesis?

Increased erythropoietin levels

A protein that helps to protect the body against viral infections is:

Interferon

________ refers to a group of at least 20 plasma proteins that normally circulate in an inactive state and are a major mechanisms for destroying bacteria in the body

Interferon

The lymphatic system differs from the cardiovascular system in that:

It only carrier fluid away from tissues

Which of the following occurs when a helper T cells is presented with a processed antigen and constimulated?

It releases interleukins that stimulate B cells to clone

The only formed elements that posses a nucleus when mature are the:

Leukocytes

Which of the following statements regarding leukocytes is true?

Leukocytes are the largest of the formed elements

Bean-shaped lymphatic organs found along lymphatic vessels are called:

Lymph nodes

The type of cell responsible for the secondary response is a:

Memory cell

Lymphocytes:

Migrate to lymphatic tissue

Circulatory changes that occur in inflammation include:

Migration of white blood cells to the site of injury

Which of the following is an agranulocyte?

Monocyte

Macrophages are derived from:

Monocytes

In which of the following situations might Rh incompatibility develop?

Mother is Rh negative; fetus is Rh positive

The process of eliminating those lymphocytes that react or respond against self-antigens is called:

Negative selection

The most numerous of the leukocytes is the:

Neutrophil

The two major types of phagocytic cells are:

Neutrophils and macrophages

Bacteria and debris are actively removed from the lymph by _____ in the sinuses of lymph nodes

Phagocytic cells

The thymus is where _____ mature and become functional immune cells

Pre-T cells

RhoGam injections are given to:

Prevent sensitization of the mother to Rh antigens

The inflammatory response:

Prevents the spread of an infection

Several days after an initial contact with an antigen, antibody concentration increases. This is a

Primary response

A blood clot that forms when blood vessel is cut is an example of blood functioning in:

Protection

Tonsils:

Provide protection against bacteria

The lymphatic system plays a role in maintaining fluid balance within the body by:

Returning interstitial fluid to the plasma

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?

Right lymphatic duct

In systemic inflammation, pyrogens:

Stimulate fever production

______ are part of cell-mediated immunity while _____ are part of antibody-mediated immunity

T cells, B cells

An increase in hemoglobin increases:

The ability of the blood to carry to various tissues

Plasma is _____ while formed elements are _____

The liquid portion of blood; the cells

Each hemoglobin molecule:

Transports four oxygen molecules

Hemoglobin:

Transports oxygen in the blood

A person with type O blood should receive a blood transfusion from a donor with:

Type O blood

Which of the following would be classified as an innate mechanical defense mechanism?

Washing action of tears and saliva

Mature erythrocytes:

contain hemoglobin in their cytoplasm

When defective erythrocytes are broken down:

A bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin

Which of the following functions is associated with the blood?

A delivery of oxygen to tissue cells

If a boy is diagnosed with hemophilia, he would have:

A disorder of the clotting process