A&P Reproduction Review for Final

The average length of the uterine cycle is

28 days.

What is the final product of meiosis?

4 haploid cells

What is the proper arrangement of the four structures listed below into the order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus? 1. ductus deferens 2. urethra 3. ejaculatory duct 4. epididymis

4, 1, 3, 2

Which of the following interactions is incorrect regarding the reproductive system?

A vasectomy is an effective way of preventing ovulation.

Which of the following statements concerning oogenesis is false?

About half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty.

Compare benign prostatic hypertrophy with prostate cancer. (Module 26.17A)

Benign prostatic hypertrophy is an enlargement of the prostate whereas prostate cancer is a malignancy.

Describe the process of spermiation. (Module 26.4B)

During spermiation, a sperm loses its attachment to the nurse cell and enters the lumen of the seminiferous tubule.

Which of the following statements about the uterine cycle is false?

It continues during pregnancy.

What effect would low FSH levels have on sperm production? (Module 26.7C)

Low FSH levels would decrease the level of testosterone which decreases sperm production.

________ arteries supply blood to the functional zone of the endometrium.

Spiral

Which of the following is NOT produced by meiosis?

a liver cell

The ________ of a sperm contains the enzymes essential for fertilization.

acrosomal cap

What portion of the spermatozoon contains the enzymes necessary for fertilization?

acrosome

Interstitial cells produce

androgens.

The pigmented skin that surrounds the nipple is the

areola.

Enlargement of the prostate gland, or ________, typically occurs spontaneously in men over age 50.

benign prostatic hypertrophy

How do recently released secondary oocytes reach the uterine tube? (Module 26.11A)

ciliary fluid currents

The clitoris

contains erectile tissue comparable to the corpora cavernosa of the penis.

A rise in the blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone at the beginning of the ovarian cycle is responsible for

follicle maturation.

Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces

four haploid cells

Which of the following is a likely result of meiosis?

four sperm, each with 23 chromosomes

Secondary spermatocytes divide to produce ________ spermatids, each having ________ chromosomes.

four; 23

During prophase I of meiosis,

homologous chromosomes stick together in pairs.

The primary role of FSH in males is to

initiate sperm production in the testes.

The opening connecting the uterus to the cervical canal is the

internal os.

A cell preparing to undergo meiosis duplicates its chromosomes during

interphase

All of the following are true of the vagina except that it

loses a portion of its lining during menses.

The breasts are attached to the chest superficial to the ________ muscle.

pectoralis major

What are the functions of the gonads? (Module 26.1A)

produce and store gametes

What is the function of gonads?

produce gametes and produce hormones

What roles do the ovaries perform? (Module 26.9B)

produce oocytes, secrete female sex hormones, secrete inhibin

The use of which birth control method often results in the cessation of the uterine cycle? (Module 26.16B)

progesterone-only shots

During meiosis, segments of nonsister chromatids can trade places. This recombination of maternal and paternal genetic material is a key feature of meiosis. During what phase of meiosis does recombination occur?

prophase I

The correct order of events during meiosis is

prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, cytokinesis, meiosis II.

What is the function of the ductus deferens? (Module 26.5A)

stores sperm and transports sperm to the ejaculatory duct

Where does fertilization normally occur? (Module 26.8C)

uterine tube

The structure that transports the ovum to the uterus is the

uterine tube.

Identify the structure labeled "12."

vagina

In a(n) ________, each ductus deferens is cut, and either a segment is removed and the ends tied (or cauterized) or silicone plugs are inserted.

vasectomy

Explain whether the blockage of a single lactiferous sinus would or would not interfere with the delivery of milk to the nipple. (Module 26.14B)

Blockage of a single lactiferous sinus would not interfere with the delivery of milk because each gland has several lactiferous sinuses.

After DNA replication, each individual chromosome becomes a homologous pair.

False

What ovarian cycle changes would result if the LH surge did not occur? (Module 26.15A)

If the LH surge did not occur, the secondary oocyte would not complete meiosis I, ovulation would not occur, and the corpus luteum would not form.

________ is defined as an inability to achieve or maintain an erection.

Impotence

On a warm day, would the cremaster muscle be contracted or relaxed? Why? (Module 26.2B)

The cremaster muscle would be relaxed so the scrotum could descend away from the body.

Cite the similarities that exist between certain structures in the reproductive systems of females and males. (Module 26.13C)

The greater vestibular glands in females are similar to the bulbo-urethral glands in males and the both male penis and female clitoris contain erectile tissue.

The organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the

ductus deferens.

When does the total number of chromosomes get reduced from 46 pairs to 23 individual chromosomes?

during meiosis I

An inability to contract the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus would interfere with which phase of the male sexual response? (Module 26.6B)

ejaculation

Contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles result in

ejaculation.

Secondary sexual characteristics

may develop in response to testosterone or estrogen.

The special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called

meiosis.

Chromosomes can exchange genetic information during a process called "crossing over." This occurs when homologous chromosomes are lined up in pairs. When does this happen?

metaphase I

The ligament that attaches the ovary to the uterus is the ________ ligament.

ovarian

Identify the functions of the vagina. (Module 26.13B)

passageway for elimination of menstrual fluids, receives the penis during sexual intercourse, and forms the inferior portion of the birth canal

The nurse cells of the seminiferous tubules do all of the following except

secrete testosterone.

Sperm develop from stem cells called

spermatogonia.

The broad ligament does all of the following except

support and stabilizes the position of the ovary.

On which of the following days would the level of LH be highest in a female?

the day before ovulation

Which of the following processes occurs during meiosis II?

the formation of haploid cells

Which of the following is greater?

the number of primordial follicles in the ovaries at birth

During menses,

the old functional layer is sloughed off.

The main organs of the female reproductive tract include all of the following except the

urinary bladder.