A&P Test #1
dorsal cavity
includes the cranial and vertebral cavities.
Positive feedback
enhances stimulus
what do goblet cells secrete
mucus, goblet cells are unicellular
where do you find stratified squamous epithelium
epidermis
where do you find transitional epithelium
urinary bladder
Where can you find loose areolar CT
wraps around organs
melonoma
-Melanocytes -most mobile -most dangerous
Characteristics of epithelial cells
1. fit close together 2. one free surface- apical surface 3. Basement membrane 4. Avascular 5. regenerate easily
Nucleus
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
Negative feedback
A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation.
Hypertonic solution
A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution, cell shrivels up
Hypotonic solution
A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution, cell swells and bursts
Phagocytosis
A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, a type of active transport
what is connective tissue made of?
Ground substance, fibers, and cells
What is the most abundant cartilage
Hyaline
right upper quadrant
Liver, Right Kidney, Colon, Pancreas, Gallbladder
halocrine vs merocrine secretion
Merocrine and holocrine glands are exocrine glands, and both glands have the function of secretion. Merocrine glands have the ability to secrete substances without causing any damage to the cells. In contrast, holocrine glands destroy the cells when secreting substances.
Cilia
Moves substances in the epithelium
left lower quadrant
Part of descending colon Sigmoid colon Left ovary and tube Left ureter Left spermatic cord
basal surface
The bottom layer of epithelial tissue that attaches to the basement membrane
What type of transport requires energy?
active transport
apical surface
an upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ
ABCD rule
asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter
Which layer of epidermis do you find stem cells
basal layer
ventral
belly side, contains thoracic
example of negative feedback
body temperature, blood pressure regulation
osteoblast
bone-forming cell
right lower quadrant
cecum, appendix, right ovary and tube, right ureter, right spermatic cord
where are cilia and flagella formed
centriole
thoracic
chest
What does fibroblast cell produce
collagen
3 types of connective tissue fibers
collagen, elastic, reticular
Most abundant tissue type in body?
connective tissue
what are the anchoring cell junctions
desmosomes
function of merkel cells
detect touch sensations
function of simple squamous epithelium
diffusion and filtration, found in alveoli of lung
Which connective tissue is the most flexible
elastic cartilage
Four basic types of tissues
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Which CT is found in the intervertebral discs?
fibrocartilage
Functions of lymphatic system
fluid recovery, immunity, lipid absorption
What does cuboidal epithelium form
glands
What accessory skin structures are found in the dermis?
hair follicle, free nerve ending, arrestor pills muscle, sweat glands, sebaceous gland
only epithelium
has top and bottom layers
Gap junctions in:
heart
Byproduct of muscles
heat
squamous cell carcinoma
kertonicytes
where do you find simple cubical epithelium
kidney tubules, duct or gland
Smooth ER function
lipid synthesis
Fluid checked in:
lymph nodes
Where can you find loose reticular connective tissue
lymphoid organs
which organelle produces energy/ATP
mitochondria
Diffusion
movement of molecules high conc to low conc
endocrine vs exocrine glands
no ducts-secretes directly into blood vs. has ducts (sweat, sebaceous)
where is the ribosome produced
nucleolus
basal cell carcinoma
originates in basal cells
Golgi apparatus
packages and exports materials
Endocytosis
process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
Function of melanocytes
produce melanin
Rough ER function
protein synthesis
Where can you find dense irregular connective tissue
reticular dermis
Which glands secrete oil
sebaceous glands
function of cuboidal epithelium
secretion and absorption
Characteristics of cardiac muscle
short branched one nucleus intercalated discs
Which basic tissue type forms glands?
simple cuboidal epithelium
left upper quadrant
spleen, stomach, pancreas
Which layer of the epidermis do you find melanocytes
stratum basale
Which layer of epidermis do you find keratohyalin granules
stratum granulosum
Functions of skeletal system
support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production
Which organ would you find psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
trachea
functions of proteins in phospholipid bilayer
transport, enzymatic activity, receptor, intracellular adhesion, cell to cell recognition, attachment to cytoskeleton