A&P1 CH 28 & 29

follicle maturation

A rise in the blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone at the beginning of the ovarian cycle is responsible for ANSWER: follicle maturation. menstruation. atresia. ovulation. menopause.

2

A spermatozoon passes through the epididymis in about ________ weeks.

250 million

A typical ejaculation releases approximately ________ sperm. ANSWER: 1 million 250 million 800 million 20 million 100,000

all of the above

The reproductive system includes gonads and external genitalia. ducts that receive and transport the gametes. accessory glands and organs that secrete fluids. all of the above ducts that receive and transport the gametes, and accessory glands and organs that secrete fluids

initiate sperm production in the testes.

The role of FSH in males is to stimulate the nurse cells to produce inhibin. develop and maintain secondary sex characteristics. influence sexual behaviors and sex drive. initiate sperm production in the testes. stimulate the interstitial cells to produce testosterone.

lateral margins of the uterus, through the inguinal canal to the external genitalia.

The round ligaments extend from the ANSWER: lateral margins of the uterus, through the inguinal canal to the external genitalia. base of the uterus and vagina to the lateral walls of the pelvis. lateral surface of the uterus to the anterior surface of the sacrum. body of the uterus to the fundus. cervix of the uterus to the vagina.

isthmus

The segment of the uterine tube where fertilization commonly occurs is the ANSWER: ampulla. anterior. infundibulum. isthmus. posterior.

bulbo-urethral glands

The small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete a thick, alkaline mucus are the ANSWER: prostate glands. preputial glands. seminal vesicles. Bartholin glands. bulbo-urethral glands.

meiosis

The special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called ANSWER: capacitation. mitosis. maturation. meiosis. fertilization.

a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis

The spermatic cord is ANSWER: a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis. a dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testis. a layer of smooth muscle in the skin of the scrotal sac. the external marking of the boundary between the two chambers of the scrotum. a narrow opening that links the scrotal chamber with the peritoneal cavity.

ovulation

The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers ANSWER: menopause. menstruation. follicle maturation. ovulation. atresia.

circumcision

The surgical removal of the prepuce is called ________.

synapsis

The tetrad of maternal and paternal chromosomes forms during meiosis by the process called ________.

myometrium

The thick muscular layer of the uterus is the ANSWER: endometrium. sarcometrium. uterometrium. perimetrium. myometrium.

glans penis

The urethral meatus is an opening in the ANSWER: glans penis. corona radiata. corpus spongiosum. corpus cavernosum. prepuce.

vagina

The vulva includes all of the following, except the ANSWER: vagina. clitoris. labia majora. labia minora. mons pubis.

paired gonads

To function properly, the reproductive system must possess all of these except __________. paired gonads accessory secretions external genitalia reception and transport ducts

infundibulopelvic ligament

What structure extends from the lateral surface of the ovary, past the open end of the uterine tube, to the pelvic wall? ANSWER: tunica albuginea ovarian hilum ovarian ligament uterine ligament infundibulopelvic ligament

spermatocytes

When spermatogonia divide, the daughter cells are called ANSWER: spermatids. spermatozoa. spermatogonia. spermatocytes. Sertoli cells.

in the ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct

Where in the male reproductive system would you expect to find the most mature spermatozoa? ANSWER: in the prostate gland in the head of the epididymis in the ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct in the seminiferous tubules in the seminal gland

all of the above

Which is the function of the ovaries? ANSWER: secretion of hormones formation of immature gametes secretion of inhibin production of oocytes all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following can be found inside the spermatic cord? ANSWER: blood vessels ductus deferens lymphatic vessels nerves all of the above

seminal gland (seminal vesicle)

Which of the following glands secretes fructose to nourish the sperm? ANSWER: prostate gland bulbourethral gland seminal gland (seminal vesicle) nurse gland prostate gland, nurse gland, and seminal gland (seminal vesicle)

both the cremaster and the dartos

Which of the following muscles move the testes towards the body? ANSWER: the biceps brachii the dartos the tunica muscularis the cremaster both the cremaster and the dartos

all are true

Which of the following statements about the menstrual cycle is true? ANSWER: often involves painful myometrial contraction it is ultimately controlled by GnRH is skipped in pregnancy the first occurrence is termed menarche all are true

interstitial cells

Which of these are not found in the seminiferous tubules? nurse cells interstitial cells spermatogonia primary spermatocytes

epididymis

Spermatozoa are functionally matured within the ANSWER: seminal gland (seminal vesicle). epididymis. rete testes. seminiferous tubules. ductus deferens.

rete testis

Straight tubules originate at the seminiferous tubules and form a maze of passageways called the ANSWER: ductus deferens. efferent ducts. tunnels of love. epididymis. rete testis.

uterus

The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the ANSWER: vagina. cervix. uterine tube. ovary. uterus.

bulbourethral gland.

The organ that surrounds the urethra and produces an alkaline secretion is the preputial gland. seminal gland (seminal vesicle). Bartholin's gland. bulbourethral gland. prostate gland.

uterine tube

The organ that transports the ovum to the uterus is the ANSWER: myometrium. infundibulum. uterosacral ligament. uterine tube. vagina.

corpora cavernosa.

The paired erectile bodies in the penis are the ANSWER: membranous urethra. prepuce. penile urethra. corpora cavernosa. corpus spongiosum.

LH

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone is ANSWER: GH. ACTH. LH. FSH. ADH.

spongy urethra

The portion of the urethra that passes through the corpus spongiosum to the external urethral meatus is the ________.

prostatic urethra

The portion of the urethra that passes through the prostate is called the ________.

membranous urethra

The portion of the urethra that penetrates the urogenital diaphragm is the ________.

spermatozoa

The process of spermiogenesis produces ANSWER: secondary spermatocytes. spermatogonia. primary spermatocytes. spermatids. spermatozoa.

All of the above

The reproductive system nourishes gametes. stores and transports gametes. produces gametes. all of the above produces, stores and transports gametes.

be sterile

A boy has a genetic mutation such that FSH is not produced, but LH is normal. After the boy grows to maturity, it is likely he will ANSWER: not develop secondary sex characteristics. be impotent. have impaired function of the interstitial cells. be sterile. produce large amounts of inhibin.

all of the above

A male bodybuilder starts taking injections of testosterone (an anabolic steroid) on a daily basis. After 3 weeks, which of the following would you expect to observe? ANSWER: increased sex drive decreased levels of GnRH decreased levels of LH and FSH all of the above decreased levels of GnRH, LH and FSH

20, 100 million

A normal sperm count ranges from approximately ________ to ________ spermatozoa per milliliter

four; 23

A primary spermatocyte matures into ________ spermatids having ________ chromosomes. one; 46 four; 23 four; 46 millions of; 23 millions of; 46

4, 1, 3, 2

Arrange the four structures listed below into the order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus. 1. ductus deferens 2. urethra 3. ejaculatory duct 4. epididymis ANSWER: 1, 4, 3, 2 4, 1, 3, 2 1, 3, 4, 2 4, 1, 2, 3 4, 3, 1, 2

tenses the scrotal sac and pulls the testes closer to the body cavity.

Contraction of the cremaster muscles pulls the testes closer to the body cavity. moves sperm through the ductus deferens. tenses the scrotal sac. propels sperm through the urethra. tenses the scrotal sac and pulls the testes closer to the body cavity

tightens the scrotal sac

Contraction of the dartos muscle ANSWER: tightens the scrotal sac. produces an erection. initiates seminal emission. propels sperm through the urethra. moves sperm through the ductus deferens.

septa

Delicate projections from the tunica albuginea called __________ divide each testis into lobules. ANSWER: septa seminiferous tubules rete testis straight tubules

synapsis; tetrad

During meiosis I, maternal and paternal chromosomes fuse together during the process called ________ to form a ________. synapsis; tetrad synapsis; chromatid prophase I; chromatid metaphase II; tetrad synapsis; spermatid

the old functional layer is sloughed off

During the menses ANSWER: a new uterine lining is formed. secretory glands and blood vessels develop in the endometrium. progesterone levels are high. the corpus luteum is most active. the old functional layer is sloughed off.

seminiferous tubules

Sperm production occurs in the seminiferous tubules. epididymis. ductus deferens. seminal glands (seminal vesicles). rete testis.

spermiogenesis

Spermatids mature into spermatozoa by the process of ________.

about half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty.

Each of the following statements concerning oogenesis is true, except that ANSWER: ova develop from stem cells called oogonia. oogenesis begins before birth. about half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty. an ovum completes its last meiosis after it is fertilized. by the time of their birth, girls have already lost about 80 percent of their oocytes.

production of spermatozoa

Functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system include all of the following, except ANSWER: producing buffers. propelling spermatozoa and fluids along the reproductive tract. meeting the nutrient needs of spermatozoa for motility. activating the spermatozoa. production of spermatozoa.

with a higher than normal pH

If the prostate stopped secreting fluid, this would result in semen ANSWER: with no mucus. with less fructose. that was rich in prostaglandins. with a higher than normal pH. that lacked sperm

a castrated adult male

In which of the following cases would the level of GnRH be highest? ANSWER: a sexually immature male a normal adult male a castrated adult male Castration would have no effect on GnRH production.

are also called Leydig cells, respond to luteinizing hormone, and produce testosterone.

Interstitial cells are also called Leydig cells. respond to luteinizing hormone. produce testosterone. are also called Leydig cells and respond to luteinizing hormone. are also called Leydig cells, respond to luteinizing hormone, and produce testosterone

androgens

Interstitial cells produce ANSWER: androgen-binding protein. nutrients. androgens. sperm. inhibin.

LH

Interstitial cells surrounding seminiferous tubules produce testosterone in response to __________. ANSWER: LH GnRH a high protein diet and exercise FSH

lobules

Inward projections of the tunica albuginea, known as septa, divide the testis into ANSWER: lobules. rete testorum. the epididymis and the testis proper. seminiferous tubules. straight tubules.

are found in the seminiferous tubules, form the blood-testis barrier, and coordinate spermatogenesis.

Nurse cells ANSWER: are found in the seminiferous tubules. coordinate spermatogenesis. form the blood-testis barrier. are found in the seminiferous tubules and coordinate spermatogenesis. are found in the seminiferous tubules, form the blood-testis barrier, and coordinate spermatogenesis.

deliver spermatozoa to the epididymis.

Scarring of the rete testis would interfere with a man's ability to ANSWER: ejaculate. produce an alkaline semen. regulate spermatogenesis. deliver spermatozoa to the epididymis. secrete testosterone.

may develop in response to testosterone and to estrogen.

Secondary sexual characteristics ANSWER: may develop in response to estrogen. are usually apparent at birth. may develop in response to testosterone. may develop in response to testosterone and to estrogen. may develop in response to testosterone and to estrogen, and are usually apparent at birth.

spermatogonia

Semen contains all of the following, except ANSWER: spermatogonia. spermatozoa. prostaglandins. fibrinogen. seminal fluid.

peristaltic contractions

Sperm are moved along the ductus deferens by ANSWER: suction. hydraulic action. peristaltic contractions. hydrostatic force. ciliary action.

spermatogonia

Sperm develop from stem cells called primary spermatocytes. secondary spermatocytes. spermatids. spermatozoa. spermatogonia.

interstitial cells

Testosterone is produced by __________. ANSWER: primary spermatocytes interstitial cells nurse cells spermatogonia

ejaculatory duct

The ________ carries fluid from the seminal gland (seminal vesicle) through the prostate.

scrotum

The ________ is a fleshy pouch suspended below the perineum and anterior to the anus.

dartos

The ________ is a layer of smooth muscle in the skin of the scrotal sac.

inguinal canal

The ________ is an opening through which the spermatic cord passes.

head

The ________ is the part of the sperm that contains the DNA.

cervix

The ________ is the portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina. ANSWER: fundus body cervix internal os myometrium

uterus

The ________ provides mechanical protection, nutritional support, and waste removal for the developing embryo.

acrosomal cap

The ________ within the head of a sperm contains the enzymes essential for fertilization.

tunica albuginea

The __________ is the dense connective tissue that surrounds each testis. ANSWER: tunica vaginalis tunica albuginea median raphe spermatic capsule

urinary bladder

The broad ligament attaches to all of the following organs, except the ANSWER: oviducts. uterine tubes. uterus. urinary bladder. ovaries.

an extensive mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus.

The broad ligament is ANSWER: a structure that extends from the lateral surface of the ovary to the pelvic wall. a thickened fold of mesentery that supports and stabilizes the position of the ovary. an extensive mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus. a structure that anchors the ovary to the rectouterine pouch. a pocket formed between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior surface of the rectum.

secondary spermatocytes

The cells that are formed during spermatogenesis by the first meiosis are called ANSWER: primary spermatocytes. spermatogonia. spermatids. spermatozoa. secondary spermatocytes.

tunica vaginalis

The delicate layer of serous membrane that covers the testis is called the ANSWER: median raphe. tunica vaginalis. tunica albuginea. dartos. lamina propria

tunica albuginea

The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testis is called the ANSWER: epididymis. spermatic cord. dartos. median raphe. tunica albuginea.

40-45

The ductus deferens is approximately ________ cm long. ANSWER: 12 15-20 50-60 40-45 31-35

corpus spongiosum.

The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the ANSWER: penile urethra. corpus spongiosum. glans penis. corpus cavernosum. membranous urethra

raphe

The external marking of the boundary between the two testes is the ANSWER: acrosome. spermatic cord. dartos muscle. raphe. tunica albuginea.

secondary spermatocyte

The first haploid cell formed during spermatogenesis is the __________. primary spermatocyte spermatid secondary spermatocyte spermatogonia

epididymis

The first organ that sperm pass through is the __________. ANSWER: ejaculatory duct epididymis ductus deferens prostate gland

prepuce

The fold of skin that covers the glans penis is the ANSWER: corpus spongiosum. prepuce. corpus cavernosum. ejaculatory duct. penile urethra.

cervix

The inferior portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina is the ANSWER: fundus. isthmus. fornix. body. cervix.

urinary

The male reproductive system is most closely associated with which of the following systems? ANSWER: muscular endocrine integumentary digestive urinary

mitochondria

The middle piece of the sperm contains the ________ in a spiral arrangement.

secrete testosterone

The nurse cells of the seminiferous tubules do all of the following, except that they ANSWER: maintain the blood-testis barrier. secrete androgen-binding protein. support spermiogenesis. secrete inhibin. secrete testosterone.

flagellum

The only ________ in the human body is the tail of the sperm.

ductus deferens

The organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the seminal gland (seminal vesicle). ejaculatory duct. corpus cavernosum. ductus deferens. epididymis.

penis

The organ that delivers semen into the female reproductive tract is the ANSWER: corpus cavernosum. ejaculatory duct. urethra. penis. corpus spongiosum.

epididymis

The organ that monitors and adjusts the composition of tubular fluid, recycles damaged spermatozoa, and is the site of sperm maturation is the ANSWER: epididymis. ductus deferens. seminal gland (seminal vesicle). prostate gland. rete testis.

seminal gland (seminal vesicle)

The organ that produces a secretion that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and fibrinogen is the ANSWER: seminal gland (seminal vesicle). corpus cavernosum. bulbourethral gland. prostate gland. preputial gland.

All of these are shared characteristics between the male and female reproductive systems.

Which of these characteristics is not shared between the male and female reproductive systems? the presence of gonads the production of gametes the experience of orgasm All of these are shared characteristics between the male and female reproductive systems.

Both will produce a fixed numer of gametes

Which of these is not a similarity between the male and female reproductive systems? Both produce gametes. Both secrete mucus. Both will produce a fixed number of gametes. Both possess erectile tissue.

spermatogonia

Which of these is oldest type of cell present in the testis? ANSWER: primary spermatocytes secondary spermatocytes spermatogonia spermatids

dartos

Which of these muscles is found beneath the skin of both the penis and the scrotum? dartos cremaster tunica muscularis ischiocavernosus

cryptorchidism

________ is the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum by the time of birth.

testosterone

________ is the most important androgen.