A&P2: Exam 2- Endocrine System
21.Synthesis of progesterone in the ovary and testosterone in the testis is stimulated by A. LH. B. MSH. C. TSH. D. ACTH. E. FSH.
?A.LH.
45.Which of the following ions is necessary for thyroid hormone production? A. potassium B. calcium C. iodine D. sodium E. Chlorine
?C.iodine
60.Which of the following hormones is synthesized by the hypothalamus? A. ADH B. MSH C. TSH D. ACTH E. T3 and T4
A.ADH
30.ADH secretion will increase when A. blood osmolality increases. B. blood pressure increases. C. blood volume increases. D. blood pH increases. E. blood osmolality decreases.
A.blood osmolality increases.
18.Which of the following would affect blood glucose levels? A. fat content of a meal B. gastrointestinal hormones C. breakdown of glycogen D. aldosterone production E. protein content of a meal
A.fat content of a meal
24.The posterior pituitary A. has a direct connection with neurons of the hypothalamus. B. is controlled by releasing hormones produced in the hypothalamus. C. produces hormones that regulate other endocrine glands. D. stores lipotropins. E. is not related to fluid balance in the body.
A.has a direct connection with neurons of the hypothalamus.
4.A function of insulin is to A. increase the uptake of glucose by its target tissues. B. decrease the uptake of amino acids by its target tissues. C. increase glycogen breakdown in the liver and skeletal muscle. D. increase breakdown of fats. E. increase gluconeogenesis.
A.increase the uptake of glucose by its target tissues.
6.Urine volume ____ when ADH secretion decreases. A. increases B. decreases C. is not affected D. declines E. None of these choices is correct.
A.increases
61.Growth hormone A. increases amino acid uptake in cells. B. decreases the use of fat as an energy source. C. decreases the synthesis and storage of glycogen. D. increases the use of glucose for energy. E. facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells.
A.increases amino acid uptake in cells.
55.High blood glucose levels cause an increased secretion of A. insulin. B. calcitonin. C. erythropoietin. D. glucagon. E. GH.
A.insulin.
3.Which of the following hormones promotes the breakdown of fatty acids? A. lipotropins B. somatotropins C. gonadotropins D. thyrotropins E. Fatotropins
A.lipotropins
31.Oxytocin release is stimulated by A. nursing a baby. B. increased blood pressure. C. increased urine output. D. a hypothalamic-releasing hormone. E. increased blood osmolality.
A.nursing a baby.
34.What is it about a cell that identifies it as a target cell for a hormone? A. the presence of a receptor specific for that hormone B. its location near the gland that secretes that hormone C. the ability of the target cell to perform a specific function D. its ability to inactivate the hormone E. the size of the target cell
A.the presence of a receptor specific for that hormone
11.Removal of the anterior pituitary would affect the functioning of the A. thyroid gland. B. pancreas isles of Langerhans in the pancreas. C. parathyroid gland. D. adrenal medulla. E. kidney.
A.thyroid gland.
76.Which of the following characteristics is associated with hyposecretion of thyroid hormones? A. weight gain B. exophthalmos C. warm, flushed skin D. increased heart rate E. weight loss
A.weight gain
15.If fluid intake increases dramatically over a short time frame, A. ADH secretion increases. B. ADH secretion decreases. C. there is no effect on ADH secretion. D. ADH secretion stops. E. None of these choices is correct.
B.ADH secretion decreases.
8.Which of the following statements concerning the pancreas is true? A. Most of the hormones produced by the pancreas flow into the pancreatic duct. B. Both glucagon and insulin are produced in the islets of Langerhans. C. The pancreas is located above the liver. D. The endocrine portion of the gland is called the zona reticularis. E. Alpha and beta cells are associated with the acini.
B.Both glucagon and insulin are produced in the islets of Langerhans.
50.Which of the following is true? A. The effects of epinephrine are long-lasting (days to weeks). B. Epinephrine increases blood pressure. C. Epinephrine decreases heart rate. D. Epinephrine increases GI tract activity. E. Epinephrine is a chemical of the parasympathetic nervous system.
B.Epinephrine increases blood pressure.
20.Which hormone is required for ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum? A. FSH B. LH C. TSH D. PRL E. PTH
B.LH
47.Which of the following helps to keep blood nutrients at normal levels six to eight hours after a meal? A. parasympathetic stimulation of the pancreas B. breakdown of glycogen in the liver releasing glucose C. increased production of insulin by the pancreas D. increased glucose uptake by cells E. glycogen synthesis
B.breakdown of glycogen in the liver releasing glucose
65.ADH is also called vasopressin because at high concentrations it causes A. increased urine output. B. constriction of blood vessels. C. increased potassium secretion by the kidneys. D. decreased sodium retention by the kidneys. E. dilation of blood vessels.
B.constriction of blood vessels.
35.Steroid hormones A. bind to membrane receptors. B. diffuse easily through the plasma membrane. C. act by activating cAMP. D. are inactivated by phosphodiesterase. E. are water soluble.
B.diffuse easily through the plasma membrane.
13.John Smith works outdoors in the winter at a ski resort. His thyroid hormone levels are A. lower in the winter to conserve body heat. B. higher in the winter to increase body temperature. C. lowered in the summer after his job to decrease body temperature. D. increased in the summer after his job to increase body temperature. E. unaffected by his job.
B.higher in the winter to increase body temperature.
62.Increased metabolic activity and weight loss are associated with A. lack of iodine in the diet. B. hyperthyroidism. C. too little TSH. D. cretinism. E. hypothyroidism.
B.hyperthyroidism.
51.During exercise, the energy necessary to sustain skeletal muscle cell contraction comes from A. increased insulin production. B. increased epinephrine and glucagon release. C. decreased sympathetic nervous system activity. D. storing glucose as glycogen. E. conservation of glucose.
B.increased epinephrine and glucagon release.
1.Once a hormone is conjugated in the liver A. its half-life is increased. B. it can be rapidly eliminated. C. it can be stored for later use. D. it is actively transported into cells. E. it is more slowly eliminated.
B.it can be rapidly eliminated.
10.Glucagon primarily influences cells of the A. brain. B. liver. C. kidneys. D. skeletal muscle. E. pancreas.
B.liver.
73.Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located A. in the cytoplasm of their target cells. B. on the plasma membrane of their target cells. C. in the lysosomes of their target cells. D. on the nuclear membrane of their target cells. E. on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells.
B.on the plasma membrane of their target cells.
67.Which of the following is a subdivision of the anterior pituitary? A. pars nervosa B. pars distalis C. pars hypothalamus D. pars infundibuli E. pars proximalis
B.pars distalis
27.The hypothalamohypophysial tract connects the hypothalamus to the A. anterior pituitary. B. posterior pituitary. C. pars distalis. D. adenohypophysis. E. infundibulum.
B.posterior pituitary.
29.Up-regulation A. results in a decrease in the number of receptor sites in the target cell. B. produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone. C. is found in target cells that maintain a constant level of receptors. D. produces insensitivity to the hormone in the target tissue. E. moves the receptors up on the membrane.
B.produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone.
16.The endocrine system A. releases neurotransmitters into ducts. B. secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream. C. communicates via frequency-modulated signals. D. contains organs called exocrine glands. E. is isolated from the nervous system.
B.secretes chemicals that reach their targets through the bloodstream.
68.The rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone increases when A. serum calcium levels increase. B. serum calcium levels decrease. C. serum levels of TSH decrease. D. serum levels of TSH increase. E. serum levels of sodium levels increase.
B.serum calcium levels decrease.
57.In general, the response of target cells to endocrine stimulation is _______ than their response to nervous stimulation. A. faster and briefer B. slower and more prolonged C. more accurate D. more restricted to a small area of the body E. more intense
B.slower and more prolonged
7.Adrenal androgens A. are produced in the adrenal medulla. B. stimulate growth of pubic hair in females. C. reduce the inflammatory response. D. cause reabsorption of potassium ions by the kidney. E. decrease the sex drive.
B.stimulate growth of pubic hair in females.
43.Insulin is necessary for the satiety center to detect the presence of glucose in extracellular fluid. When insulin levels are low A. the person feels "full" or satisfied. B. the person is intensely hungry. C. the person is thirsty. D. the person is sleepy. E. there is no effect on hunger or satiety feelings.
B.the person is intensely hungry.
46.Which of the following is involved in the regulation of thyroid hormone levels? A. thyroglobulin in thyroid follicles B. thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary C. positive feedback mechanisms D. parathyroid hormone levels E. blood calcium levels
B.thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary
74.Which of the following stimulates the development of follicles in the ovary? A. ADH B. prolactin C. FSH D. ACTH E. LH
C.FSH
12.What do all hormones have in common? A. They are made from amino acids. B. They are bound to transport molecules in the blood. C. They bind to and interact with a receptor in the target cell. D. They use the second messenger mechanism to control the target cell. E. They are all lipid-soluble.
C.They bind to and interact with a receptor in the target cell.
25.Insulin shock occurs when there is A. damage to pancreatic beta cells. B. too much glucagon available. C. a rapid fall in the blood sugar level. D. overstimulation of alpha cells. E. not enough glucagon available.
C.a rapid fall in the blood sugar level.
41.Julie was diagnosed with an aggressive tumor of the thyroid. Surgery was performed to remove the thyroid. However, post-operatively, Julie's blood calcium levels began declining to life-threatening levels. This decline is most likely due to A. thyroid hormone replacement therapy after the surgery. B. damage to the anterior pituitary during surgery. C. accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery. D. improper laboratory handling of blood samples. E. post-traumatic stress disorder.
C.accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery.
9.The endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys are the A. thyroid glands. B. vestibular glands. C. adrenal glands. D. parathyroid glands. E. renal glands.
C.adrenal glands.
56.Parathyroid hormone (PTH) A. tends to inhibit osteoclasts. B. decreases blood calcium levels. C. allows the kidneys to retain calcium. D. increases calcium excretion by the intestine. E. stimulates kidneys to excrete calcium.
C.allows the kidneys to retain calcium.
37.How do hormones and target cells recognize one another? A. by signs B. by the location of the target cells C. by the presence of specific receptor molecules on the target cells D. by the function of the target cells E. by the location of the hormones
C.by the presence of specific receptor molecules on the target cells
72.In hypocalcemia, A. incidence of bone fractures increases. B. muscular weakness is common. C. cardiac arrhythmias occur. D. constipation becomes a problem. E. the nervous system becomes depressed.
C.cardiac arrhythmias occur.
28.In some forms of diabetes, an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present. This insensitivity could be the result of A. up-regulation. B. over-regulation. C. down-regulation. D. a lack of regulation. E. modulation.
C.down-regulation.
36.In gluconeogenesis A. glucose is used for energy. B. glycogen is broken down to glucose. C. glucose is formed from amino acids. D. glycogen is synthesized from excess glucose. E. glucose is formed from fatty acids.
C.glucose is formed from amino acids.
26.Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that A. are secreted into the external environment where they act. B. affect only non-hormone producing organs or tissues. C. help coordinate growth, development and reproduction. D. alter the sensitivity of neurons to neurotransmitters. E. operate primarily by positive feedback.
C.help coordinate growth, development and reproduction.
75.A tumor in the adrenal cortex causes excessively high levels of aldosterone. The high aldosterone levels cause A. hyponatremia. B. acidosis. C. hypokalemia. D. hypocalcemia. E. hyperkalemia.
C.hypokalemia.
38.An injection of epinephrine would A. increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, and increase gastric tract motility. B. decrease heart rate, decrease blood pressure, and increase gastric tract motility. C. increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, and decrease gastric tract motility. D. decrease heart rate, decrease gastric motility, and increase blood pressure. E. have no effect on the heart or the GI tract.
C.increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, and decrease gastric tract motility.
39.ADH is secreted in response to A. overhydration. B. increased volume of the body fluids. C. increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids. D. high blood pressure. E. increased blood volume.
C.increased osmotic pressure of the body fluids.
44.Secretions of the pineal body A. include vasopressin. B. may be involved with development of the immune system. C. may inhibit reproductive functions. D. increase the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus. E. decrease the tendency to sleep.
C.may inhibit reproductive functions.
58.The two functional portions of the pituitary gland are the A. infundibulum and neurohypophysis. B. pars nervosa and pars tuberalis. C. neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis. D. adenohypophysis and infundibulum. E. infundibulum and hypothalamohypophysial portal system
C.neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis.
2.Which of these hormones is NOT secreted by the adrenal cortex? A. cortisol B. androgens C. norepinephrine D. aldosterone E. Glucocorticoids
C.norepinephrine
66.Which of the following glands is both an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland? A. thyroid gland B. adrenal gland C. pancreas D. parathyroid gland E. pituitary gland
C.pancreas
19.The adrenal medulla A. has acetylcholine as its major secretory product. B. decreases its secretions during stress. C. plays a role in the adaptation of the body for physical activity. D. is stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. E. is the outer layer of the adrenal glands.
C.plays a role in the adaptation of the body for physical activity.
32.Secretion of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is regulated by A. the action of a substance other than a hormone. B. the nervous system. C. the action of other hormones. D. the parasympathetic nervous system. E. the sympathetic nervous system.
C.the action of other hormones.
48.The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine A. the rate of hormone secretion. B. the identity of a hormone. C. the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body. D. the rate of action of a hormone. E. the rate of travel through the blood to a target.
C.the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body.
5.Hormonal secretion can be regulated by A. the action of a substance other than a hormone. B. the nervous system. C. other hormones. D. All of these choices are correct. E. None of these choices is correct.
D.All of these choices are correct.
33.Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary? A. ADH B. TRH C. CRH D. FSH E. Oxytocin
D.FSH
77.Increased insulin secretion immediately following a meal will result in increased A. fat catabolism. B. glycogenolysis. C. gluconeogenesis. D. glycogen synthesis. E. release of glucose into the circulatory system.
D.glycogen synthesis.
70.When blood sugar levels decrease, A. insulin and glucagon secretion increase. B. insulin and glucagon secretion decrease. C. insulin secretion increases; glucagon secretion decreases. D. insulin secretion decreases; glucagon secretion increases. E. there is no change in insulin or glucagon levels.
D.insulin secretion decreases; glucagon secretion increases.
52.An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a A. neuropathogen. B. neurotransmitter. C. neurocrine. D. neurohormone. E. neurosynthesizer.
D.neurohormone.
63.Which hormone is sometimes given to women to induce labor? A. glucagon B. prolactin C. progesterone D. oxytocin E. Estrogen
D.oxytocin
54.Which of the following performs both endocrine and exocrine functions? A. pituitary gland (hypophysis) B. thyroid gland C. parathyroid gland D. pancreas E. salivary gland
D.pancreas
64.If growth hormone (GH) secretion is deficient in a newborn, the child will A. develop acromegaly as an adult. B. mature sexually at an earlier age. C. be in constant danger of dehydration. D. probably experience reduced bone growth. E. probably experience increased bone growth.
D.probably experience reduced bone growth.
14.The hypothalamus A. rests in the sella turcica. B. is also called the neurohypophysis. C. is located inferior to the pituitary gland. D. regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland. E. is located superior to the thalamus.
D.regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland.
17.Which of the following is a target tissue for parathyroid hormone? A. thyroid B. blood C. pancreas D. small intestine E. Stomach
D.small intestine
59.Members of which group of hormones are made from cholesterol? A. amines B. peptides C. proteins D. steroids E. Glycoproteins
D.steroids
23.Hypersecretion of which of the following hormones causes increased metabolic rate, sensitivity to heat, weight loss, and exophthalmos? A. PTH B. estrogen C. cortisol D. thyroid hormone E. GH
D.thyroid hormone
53.Oxytocin is responsible for A. preventing release of insulin from the pancreas. B. preventing the formation of goiters. C. milk production by the mammary glands. D. regulating blood calcium levels. E. causing contractions of uterine smooth muscle during labor.
E.causing contractions of uterine smooth muscle during labor.
22.A person with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) forgets to take their insulin. This causes A. alkalosis. B. hypoglycemia. C. decreased urine production. D. decreased appetite. E. hyperglycemia.
E.hyperglycemia.
42.Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone. A. increased in number B. decreased in number C. chemically altered D. moved E. increased in number, decreased in number and chemically altered
E.increased in number, decreased in number and chemically altered
69.The sella turcica is the location of which gland? A. thymus B. adrenal C. pineal D. hypothalamus E. pituitary (hypophysis)
E.pituitary (hypophysis)
49.Hormones with short half-lives A. are usually lipid-soluble. B. are maintained at relatively constant levels. C. have concentrations that increase slowly. D. regulate activities of delayed onset and long duration. E. regulate activities of rapid onset and short duration.
E.regulate activities of rapid onset and short duration.
71.An example of a situation where the nervous system regulates the rate of hormonal secretion is when A. LH stimulates ovulation. B. increasing blood glucose levels stimulate insulin secretion. C. TSH stimulates the release of thyroxine. D. TRH stimulates the release of TSH. E. sympathetic neurons stimulate the release of epinephrine.
E.sympathetic neurons stimulate the release of epinephrine.
40.The amount of melatonin secreted by the pineal body is regulated by A. the stress response. B. blood glucose levels. C. a person's individual metabolic rate. D. the amount of sleep a person gets. E. the photoperiod (the daily amount of daylight).
E.the photoperiod (the daily amount of daylight).