A&PII CH 14 Brain & Cranial Nerves HW/Study Quiz
Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?
adjusting postural muscles
The general interpretive area is __________.
all of the listed characteristics -
Broca's area is __________.
also called the motor speech area
A disorder affecting the ability to speak, called __________, results from damage to the __________ area of the brain.
aphasia; general interpretive
The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching array called the...
arbor vitae
Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas.
association
The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as...
ataxia
Damage to the cerebellum could be diagnosed by observing __________.
ataxia, or loss of balance (cerebellum regulates motor activity)
Hydrocephalus, or "water on the brain," may result from...
blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production.
The medulla oblongata regulates...
blood pressure and respiration.
The third and fourth ventricles are connected by the __________.
cerebral aqueduct
The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the...
cerebral aqueduct.
Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the __________.
cerebral ventricles, subarachnoid space, and central canal of the spinal cord
Projection fibers link the __________ cortex with the __________.
cerebral; brain stem and other centers
The highest levels of information processing occur in the...
cerebrum
The mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus...
control feeding reflexes.
The pons is involved in all of the following EXCEPT __________.
control of food intake
Which of the following pairs of cranial reflexes and associated responses is INCORRECT?
corneal reflex—constriction of contralateral pupil * this reflex causes blinking of eyelids*
The ________ are the four masses on the posterior of the midbrain.
corpora quadrigemina
The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by a broad band of white matter called the __________.
corpus callosum
The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it...
determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area.
Which of the following cranial reflexes is NOT somatic?
direct light reflex (visceral reflex)
The falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli are __________.
dural folds
A(n) ________ is a printed record of the brain's electrical activity over a period of time.
electroencephalogram
The most obvious feature that one notices about the cerebrum is the...
extensiveness of the gyri and sulci.
Stimulation of the ________ within the hypothalamus produces the sensation of hunger.
feeding center
The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the
fourth.
Which of the following is NOT a property of the limbic system?
functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather
Elevated ridges on the surface of the brain are called __________.
gyri
The elevated ridges of the cerebrum are called...
gyri
Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry?
hearing and equilibrium
The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories.
hippocampus
The layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the...
pia mater
The layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the...
pia mater.
Exceptions to blood-brain barrier?
pineal gland and capillary beds -
Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve?
weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called...
ventricles
The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the...
vermis
Functions of the cerebrospinal fluid:
- provides cushioning for delicate neural tissues - provides buoyant support for the brain -acts as a transport medium for nutrients -acts as a transport medium for waste products
Pons are involved in...
-connections to cerebellum -automatically processes incoming sensations -respiration
Properties of the Limbic system:
-links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brain stem -located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon -contains cerebral and diencephalic components -functions in emotions, learning, and memory
Six major brain regions:
1. cerebrum (largest) 2. cerebellum 3. diencephalon 4. midbrain 5. pons 6. medulla oblongata
The adult human brain contains almost ________ of the body's neural tissue.
97 percent
Which of the following statements about the limbic system is FALSE?
A major part of the limbic system is the reticular formation, composed of the cerebral nuclei and centered in the lower cerebrum.
38) What is produced by the structure labeled "2"? A) cerebrospinal fluid B) neurotransmitters C) white matter D) hormones E) red blood cells
A) cerebrospinal fluid
11) A neural cortex is found on the surface of the A) cerebrum. B) pons. C) thalamus. D) midbrain.
A) cerebrum.
37) Identify the structure labeled "1." A) choroid plexus B) cerebral aqueduct C) third ventricle D) subarachnoid space E) corpus callosum
A) choroid plexus
42) Identify the structure labeled "7." A) dura mater B) lateral ventricle C) fourth ventricle D) subarachnoid space E) filum terminale
A) dura mater
24) Cerebrospinal fluid A) is secreted by ependymal cells. B) is formed by a passive process. C) is normally produced twice as fast as it is removed. D) has almost the same composition as blood plasma. E) contains blood cells and blood plasma.
A) is secreted by ependymal cells.
8) Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) mesencephalon. D) diencephalon. E) cerebellum.
A) medulla oblongata.
20) What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain? A) pia mater B) arachnoid C) dura mater D) cranial plexus E) choroid plexus
A) pia mater
3) During embryonic development, which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum? A) telencephalon B) diencephalon C) mesencephalon D) metencephalon E) myelencephalon
A) telencephalon
Ependymal cells work to...
All of the answers are correct. -secrete CSF into the ventricles. -surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus. -remove waste products from CSF. -adjust the composition of CSF.
Which of the following is a property of the blood-brain barrier?
All of the answers are correct: -It is generally permeable to lipid-soluble compounds. -The capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions. -Astrocytes surround the CNS capillaries. -It is absent in portions of the hypothalamus.
Tic douloureux is...
All of the answers are correct: -also called trigeminal neuralgia. -characterized by almost totally debilitating pain. -triggered by contact with the lip, tongue, or gums. -a disorder of the maxillary and mandibular branches of nerve V.
Which of the following help to protect the brain?
All of the answers are correct: -the bones of the skull -the CSF -the cranial meninges -the blood-brain barrier
Which of the following is a function of the diencephalon?
All of these are functions: -to process and transmit sensory information -to regulate body temperature -to secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
34) The cells that cover the outer surfaces of CNS capillary endothelial cells are the A) blastocytes. B) astrocytes. C) monocytes. D) leukocytes. E) lymphocytes.
B) astrocytes.
26) The choroid plexus is composed of A) lymphatic vessels. B) blood vessels. C) nerve fibers. D) ganglia. E) subarachnoid granulations.
B) blood vessels.
18) Specialized ________ cells form the secretory component of the choroid plexus. A) epididymal B) ependymal C) appended D) astrocytes E) blood
B) ependymal
15) The most obvious feature that one notices about the cerebrum is the A) smoothness of the surface of the cortex. B) extensiveness of the gyri and sulci. C) small size of it compared to other brain areas. D) transverse fissure running through it. E) color of the cerebrum compared to the other brain areas.
B) extensiveness of the gyri and sulci.
23) The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the A) dural sinus. B) falx cerebri. C) tentorium cerebelli. D) falx cerebelli. E) choroid plexus.
B) falx cerebri.
7) The tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) mesencephalon. D) diencephalon. E) thalamus.
B) pons.
14) The thin partition that separates the first and second ventricles is the A) falx cerebri. B) septum pellucidum. C) septum insula. D) interventricular foramina. E) cerebral aqueduct.
B) septum pellucidum.
44) Identify the structure labeled "9." A) dura mater B) superior sagittal sinus C) lateral ventricle D) subarachnoid space E) arachnoid granulation
B) superior sagittal sinus
The medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain comprise the...
Brain stem
27) Cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the A) jugular veins. B) dural drain. C) arachnoid granulations. D) tentorium cerebelli. E) frontal sinus.
C) arachnoid granulations.
39) Identify the structure labeled "3." A) arbor vitae B) corpora quadrigemina C) cerebral aqueduct D) pons E) diencephalon
C) cerebral aqueduct
40) Identify the structure labeled "4." A) cerebral aqueduct B) lateral ventricle C) lateral aperture D) 4th ventricle E) choroid plexus
C) lateral aperture
48) The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in the A) pons. B) cerebrum. C) medulla oblongata. D) cerebellum. E) midbrain.
C) medulla oblongata.
4) Which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain? A) cerebrum B) diencephalon C) prosencephalon D) midbrain E) pons
C) prosencephalon
Which of these cranial nerves does NOT carry motor impulses to the eyes?
Cranial Nerve II
33) Which statement is true regarding cerebrospinal fluid? A) CSF is identical in composition to blood plasma. B) CSF is made during fetal development and does not change through the lifetime of the person. C) There is about a liter of CSF within the brain and spinal cord. D) If CSF is not properly resorbed, the result would be hydrocephalus. E) CSF moves back into the blood supply by the process of osmosis.
D) If CSF is not properly resorbed, the result would be hydrocephalus.
5) Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem? A) medulla oblongata B) pons C) mesencephalon D) diencephalon E) cerebellum
D) diencephalon
19) The dural sinuses are located in the A) paranasal cavity. B) arachnoid. C) pia mater. D) dural folds. E) tentorium cerebelli.
D) dural folds.
46) The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the A) cerebrum. B) cerebellum. C) diencephalon. D) medulla oblongata. E) heart.
D) medulla oblongata.
9) The cerebellum and pons develop from the A) telencephalon. B) diencephalon. C) mesencephalon. D) metencephalon. E) myelencephalon.
D) metencephalon.
29) What contains a spider web-like network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows? A) subdural space B) dural sinus C) falx cerebri D) subarachnoid space E) pia mater
D) subarachnoid space
10) Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) thalamus. E) cerebellum.
D) thalamus.
The inner meninx adhering to the tissues of the brain is the __________.
pia mater
28) Which of the following help to protect the brain? A) the blood-brain barrier B) the bones of the skull C) the cranial meninges D) the CSF E) All of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.
30) Ependymal cells work to A) surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus. B) secrete CSF into the ventricles. C) remove waste products from CSF. D) adjust the composition of CSF. E) All of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.
31) A brain hemorrhage is life-threatening because A) neurological changes will occur. B) some areas of the brain will not be receiving blood. C) the person can lose consciousness. D) the pressure increase within the space can distort and potentially damage brain tissue. E) All of these problems are related to brain hemorrhages.
E) All of these problems are related to brain hemorrhages.
43) Identify the structure labeled "8." A) pia mater B) dura mater C) corpus callosum D) ventricles E) arachnoid granulation
E) arachnoid granulation
41) Identify the structure labeled "6." A) choroid plexus B) fourth ventricle C) lateral ventricle D) cerebral aqueduct E) subarachnoid space
E) subarachnoid space
Which of the following statements is descriptive NOT of the medulla oblongata but of the spinal cord?
Gray matter in this area is organized into posterior, lateral, and anterior horns.
The cranial nerves that innervate the eye muscles are...
III, IV, and VI.
Which of the following statements about the cranial meninges is INCORRECT?
In cranial trauma, the pia mater provides the brain with the greatest protection from trauma by hitting the bones of the cranium.
Which of the following statements about cerebrospinal fluid is FALSE?
It is absorbed into arterial circulation at arachnoid granulations. True: it is absorbed into oxygen-poor blood
Damage to the substantia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. This causes a gradual, generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom of...
Parkinson's disease.
25) Which statement is true regarding the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord and brain?
The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord.
Which of the following statements about the hypothalamus is INCORRECT?
The hypothalamus controls voluntary somatic motor activity.
Which of the following could have resulted from stimulating the limbic system of a patient undergoing brain surgery?
The patient became agitated and angry. *limbic system regulates emotion*
A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?
hypoglossal
A patient walks into the emergency room and is having difficulty speaking and moving his tongue. Which of the cranial nerves would you suspect has been damaged?
hypoglossal (XII)
The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems.
hypothalamus
Which of the following brain components is NOT considered part of the brain stem?
hypothalamus
Emotions and behavioral drives are associated with the...
hypothalamus.
The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the...
hypothalamus.
Stimulation of the reticular activating system results in...
increased consciousness
The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the...
inferior colliculi.
The ________, a narrow stalk, connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.
infundibulum
The brain requires a substantial blood supply. The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the...
internal carotid and vertebral arteries.
What are the major arteries supplying the brain?
internal carotids and vertebrals
The hypothalamus is a key player in the endocrine system because...
it controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it.
Male brains are typically ________ compared to female brains, due to larger body size.
larger
The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the...
lateral geniculates.
Which of the following white-matter structures links the frontal lobe to other lobes of the same hemisphere?
longitudinal fasciculi (these structures run in a posterior-anterior direction)
The most posterior part of the brain, which integrates into the spinal cord, is the __________.
medulla oblongata
The corpora quadrigemina are part of the __________.
mesencephalon --> forms the midbrain
Which of these does NOT correctly link developing areas of the brain?
mesencephalon to metencephalon
As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, the functions of each successive level become...
more complex.
The visual association area is located in the __________.
occipital lobe
After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the...
occipital lobe.
The only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is...
olfaction.
Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate and synapse on neurons in the...
olfactory bulb.
Which of these cerebral lobes is INCORRECTLY identified?
parietal lobe—lateral and inferior lobe *they are superior*
Jane, a 79-year-old woman, has been diagnosed with a tumor in the brain. She has lost some sensory and motor functions associated with the face, like control of facial muscles for emotion and various sensory functions like taste. In addition, she has some hearing loss and balance problems. The location of the tumor is likely to be the...
pons.
The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the...
prefrontal cerebral cortex.
Which of the following is the correct linkage between an area of the cerebral cortex and its function?
premotor cortex—coordination of learned motor responses
The postcentral gyrus contains association cells of the __________.
primary sensory cortex
Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid?
provides ATP for impulse transmission
Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem?
reduced ability to regulate body temperature
Which of the following is NOT a function of the medulla oblongata?
relaying sensory and motor information to the cerebellum
The mesencephalon contains the headquarters of the ________, a specialized component of the reticular formation that controls alertness and attention.
reticular activating system
Jennifer tries to dress in the dark so as not to disturb her roommate, Joann. Jennifer feels the clothes in her closet until she recognizes her favorite silk blouse. Which part of the brain allowed Jennifer to recognize her blouse by using her sense of touch?
right cerebral hemisphere
Which of these is NOT a function of the cerebral nuclei?
sending sensory information to the spinal cord
Three of these choices are exceptions to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the CNS. Which choice maintains the BBB?
superior sagittal sinus and arachnoid villi
The cerebrum develops from which portion of the embryonic brain?
telencephalon
The auditory cortex is located in the...
temporal lobe.
The fold that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum is formed by the __________.
tentorium cerebelli
Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the...
thalamus
The right cerebral hemisphere receives sensory input from and controls movement of __________.
the left side of the body
Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to...
the prefrontal cortex
Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because..
the vital centers for blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there.
The tenth cranial nerve is the __________.
vagus nerve