[AAPC - Pathophysiology] Musculoskeletal Anatomy

Medications can help relieve osteoarthritis pain. Which type of medication may make the painful area feel cold or warm?

Counterirritants.

If rheumatoid arthritis is suspected, the patient would most likely be referred to a:

Rheumatologist.

Rheumatoid arthritis is the third most common type of arthritis and affects as much as one percent of the worldwide population. How many Americans does it affect?

1.5 million.

Rheumatoid arthritis causes disability and can increase mortality and decrease life expectancy. In general, while it isn't fatal, complications can shorten a person's life expectancy by around:

10 to 15 years.

Approximately how many people with rheumatoid arthritis also experience signs and symptoms that don't involve the joints?

40 percent.

Evidence of osteoarthritis can be seen on X-rays and symptoms can usually be managed. Approximately what percentage of people with osteoarthritis are symptomatic?

60 percent.

Although the specific causes of rheumatoid arthritis are unknown, a factor NOT considered to increase the risk of developing the disease is:

A person who does not carry the HLA gene.

If conservative treatments do not work, providers may recommend surgery. Which of the following is NOT a surgery to help repair damaged joints?

Arthrocentesis.

If medications fail to prevent or slow joint damage, surgery may be recommended to repair damaged joints, which may help reduce pain, improve function, and restore the patient's ability to use their joint. Which surgical procedure immobilizes a joint with fusion of the adjacent bones?

Arthrodesis.

Low-impact exercise can increase a patient's endurance and strengthen the muscles around their joint, making it more stable. Which type of exercise can strengthen the small muscles around knees and ankles?

Balance exercises.

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that causes bones within the joint to rub together. Which of the following causes the painfulness in joints?

Bony changes.

Osteoarthritis is diagnosed based on the patient's symptoms, the location and pattern of pain, and various diagnostic procedures and tests. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Cartilage appears on X-rays to clearly indicate osteoarthritis.

Bone-on-bone friction associated with osteoarthritis may cause crepitus. What is crepitus?

Clicking or cracking sound when the joint moves.

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that causes bones within the joint to rub together. Which of the following deteriorations is NOT a major contributor in the cause of pain in joints?

Deterioration of muscle.

Many people with rheumatoid arthritis also experience signs and symptoms that don't involve the joints. Which of the following is included in the non-structures?

Dry eyes.

There are many treatment options for osteoarthritis. Which of the following can help eliminate the symptoms and reverse the damage?

Exercises; TENS; Arthroplasty. --> None of the above.

Blood tests may be ordered for people suspected of rheumatoid arthritis to help in the diagnosing process. Which of the following blood tests would NOT be ordered?

HDL.

Blood tests may be ordered for people suspected of rheumatoid arthritis to help in the diagnosing process. Which of the following blood tests may be ordered?

Hgb.

While the exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis has not been identified, researchers do know that it is the result of an autoimmune response. Which of the following statements is true?

Individuals may have a certain gene that is activated by emotional stress.

The goal of treatment is to reduce joint inflammation and pain, maximize joint function, prevent joint destruction/deformity and organ damage, and reduce long term complications. What is the definition of optimal rheumatoid arthritis treatment?

Involves a combination of medicines, rest, joint-strengthening exercises, and physical therapy.

Imaging procedures may be performed to get pictures of the affected joint. Which of the following will they NOT reveal?

MRIs will reveal the cause of the fluid surrounding the joint.

Arthritis is a general term that means inflammation of the joint. Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease (DJD), is the most common type of arthritis, affecting:

More than 30 million adults in the United States, of whom more than half are under the age of 65.

Osteoarthritis starts out gradually and worsens over time. It affects both men and women. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Osteoarthritis most commonly starts after age 65.

Osteoarthritis starts out gradually and worsens over time. It affects both men and women. Which of the following statements is true?

Osteoarthritis most commonly starts around age 50.

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common chronic diseases. Where does it rank among disability worldwide?

Ranks fifth.

Low-impact exercise can increase a patient's endurance and strengthen the muscles around their joint, making it more stable. Which type of exercise can help build muscles around painful joints?

Strengthening exercises.

According to the American College of Rheumatology, there is a diagnostic criteria required on the classification scale. Which of the following statements is correct for a person to meet the criteria?

The person has a positive ESR, RF, CCP, and ANA tests (four points), and symptoms affecting the wrists, elbows, and shoulders (three points).

According to the American College of Rheumatology, there is a diagnostic criteria required on the classification scale. Which one of the following statements is incorrect for a person to meet the criteria?

The person has positive CRP and ESR tests (one point), symptoms lasting six weeks (one point), and symptoms affecting the ankles, wrists, and elbows (three points).

A person with rheumatoid arthritis will usually go through periods in which the disease flares up and causes worsening of symptoms. Which of the following statements is true?

The same joints on both sides are affected.

Osteotomy is a procedure that may be performed on patients for osteoarthritis. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the procedure?

Used in inactive patients, over the age of 60 who have difficulty with physical activities.

Bone cartilage is a major component of bone and joint mechanics and health. Which of the following statements is true regarding bone cartilage?

When bone cartilage breaks down, it causes pain, swelling, and problems moving the joint.

Imaging procedures may be performed to get pictures of the affected joint. Which of the following will they reveal?

X-rays will show bone spurs around a joint indicating bone damage.

According to the American College of Rheumatology, a system has been created for classification of rheumatoid arthritis. What is primarily used to stage the classification of the disease?

X-rays.

The type of treatment recommended will depend on several factors, including the patient's age, overall health, comorbidities, location of affected joints, and severity of the condition. What is considered the first in treatment for all people with rheumatoid arthritis?

Yoga.