ABDOMEN III Final Exam Review
Intraopearive ultrasound use dates back to the...
1960s
Failure to diagnose appendicitis has an increased risk of rupture after how any hours?
36
What is the measurement of a normal distended GI tract wall?
3mm
How many glandular zones are there in the prostate?
4
Some sources vary, but ___ mm and greater is always considered positive for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
4
How many layers can be seen on a sonogram of the GI tract?
5
Generally speaking, what is the upper limit of normal for the diameter of the appendix?
6mm
When the pediatric ureter measures > ____ it is deemed megaureter.
7mm
Wilm's tumor is reported to have a ___ % survival rate.
90%
As the transition zone enlarges it clamps down on the prostatic urethra and impairs the flow of urine. What is this a description of?
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
What is a mass of impacted matter trapped in the stomach?
Bezoar
What is main role of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in imaging the prostate??
Biopsy Guidance
Another anatomic term for the EG junction (esopgogastric) is the...
Cardiac Orifice
The appendix arises from the...
Cecum
The medical term for chewed food contents of the stomach is...
Chyme
The fibers that connect the diaphragm to the vertebral bodies are...
Crura
What kind of biopsy is a fine needle aspiration (FNA)?
Cytologic
Fluid in a pleural effusion may become complex or echogenic when it is...
Exudative
What is the most common primary liver cancer of childhood that usually occurs in children younger than 3 years, more in whites than African Americans, more in boys than girls, and has a 90% association with elevated AFP?
Hepatoblastoma
What kind of biopsy is a core biopsy?
Histologic
A method for standardization of reporting blood clotting times is....
INR
The point at which the small intestine becomes the large intestine is at the...
Ileoceceal Valve
What is the usual patient position for transrectal ultrasound?
Left Lateral Decubitus
What type of transducer is recommended for appendiceal scanning?
Linear
Cervix, antral nipple, and shoulder are all sonographihc signs of which GI Pathology?
Pyloric Stenosis
The term that describes the pleural lines gliding with each other during respiratory movements in real-time US is the...
Sliding Sign
The removal of fluid from the pleural space for the purposes of diagnosis or treatment is...
Thoracentesis
Periappendiceal fat, a sign of inflammatory reaction around the appendix, is called what sign?
Thyroid in the abdomen
Fluid in a pleural effusion may be protien poor connected w CHF and Cirrhosis when it is....
Transudative (systemic)
Which Graf Type classification, that requires no treatment or follow-up, describes an immature hip with an alpha angle of 50-60 degrees?
Type II
What two structures make up the boundaries of the pleural space?
Visceral and Parietal Pleura
Twisted or torsed bowel is also called...
Volvulus
The renal tumor associated with pediatric hypertension is..
Wilm's
A phenomenon where liver vessels can heat the surrounding tissue and prevent adequate freezing is a... a. cold sink b. hematoma c. grounding error d. ice ball
a.
A rare, congenital, life-threatening condition in which the intra or extra hepatic bile ducts do not develop is.. a. biliary atresia b. hemangioma c. breast feeding jaudice d. polysplenia
a.
Complications of appendicitis may include all of the following EXCEPT: a. cholecystitis b. appendicolith c. peri-appendiceal abscess d. gangrenous infection
a.
Corpora amylacea might produce what? a. calcifications b. cysts c. cancer d. UTI's
a.
Inguinal hernia is known to be able to extend to the.. a. scrotum b. renal fossa c. rectum d. gastro-iliac space
a.
Pneumothroax is a unique complication that can occur as a result of... a. thoracentesis b. eventration c. slip d. diaphragmatic paralysis
a.
Progression or severity of disease in an organ can be determined by which type of biopsy? a. parenchymal b. open surgical c. air assisted d. metabolic
a.
There are many risk factors associated with the development of developmental hip dysplasia. Which of the following IS NOT a factor that is considered to increase risk? a. male infant b. oligohydramnios c. breech presentation delivery d. high birth weight
a.
Thickened muscle at the pylorus is also called... a. hypertrophic stenosis b. meckel's diverticulum c. paralytic ileus d. volvulus
a.
Trauma, being on anticuagulant therapy or having a clotting disorder are risk factors for.. a. rectus sheath hematoma b. spigelian hernia c. direct inguinal hernia
a.
What benign, vascular tumor that creates A-V shunting can lead to heart failure in affected infants? a. infnatile hemagioendothelioma b. hepatocellular carcinoma c. hepatoblastoma d. choledochol cyst
a.
What is the correct way to place calipers when measuring the appendix? a. TRV outer-wall-to-outer wall b. TRV lumen inner-all-to-inner wall c. SAG tip of cecum to blind end of the appendix
a.
What is the name of the benign abdominal wall tumor that is known to be associated with laparotomy scar? a. desmoid b. lipoma c. neuroma d. melanoma
a.
What is the name of the score that is used to help determine the extent to which prostate cancer has grown or spread? a. gleason b. siemens c. phillips d. TRUS
a.
What possible fatal complication of appendicitis results from wall ischemia and delayed diagnosis? a. perforation b. mesenteric hypertrophy c. lymphoid hyperplasia d. mucocele
a.
What scanning technique is used specifically to rule out appendicitis? a. graded compression b. power doppler c. a-mode d. HIFU
a.
What technique can be used to change the distance from the skin/needle tip to the mass when performing pre-biopsy ultrasound scanning? a. pressure b. doppler c. free-hand d. sterile
a.
When scanning an inguinal hernia it is important to note the location of which blood vessel? a. inferior epigastric b. aorta c. scrotal artery d. vena cava
a.
Which abdominal masses have an association with elevated AFP? a. liver b. pancreatic c. gallbladder d. spleen
a.
Which of the follow was NOT stated as a sonographic sign of possible appendicitis? a. oval shape b. non-compressibilty c. increased vascularity d. thickened walls
a.
Which of the following DOES NOT make up part of the bony acetabulum? a. labrum b. ilium c. ischium d. pubis
a.
Which of the following IS NOT a hormone that assist with digestion and absorption? a. chyme b. gastrin c. secretin d. cholecystokinin
a.
Which of the following IS NOT a risk factors for developing a hernia? a. low birth weight b. obesity c. being elderly d. male gender
a.
Which of the following IS NOT a sonographic technique to assess the GI tract? a. val salva maneurver b. compression c. varied pt. position d. drinking water
a.
Which of the following clinical findings is present in a high percentage of patients with appendicitis but is a non-specific finding? a. elevated WBC b. pregnancy c. low fat diet d. cigaretter smoking
a.
Which of the following is a hereditary pediatric renal pathology? a. ARPKD b. neuroblastoma c. adrenal hemorrhage d. megaureter
a.
Which of the following views is taken at the lateral aspect of the infant with the transducer oriented parallel to the long axis of the body with the hip at a 90-degree angle? a. coronal-flexion view b. coronal-neutral view c. transverse-flexion view d. transverse-neutral view
a.
Which ablation technique was specifically mentioned in this course content for the treatment of prostate disorders? a. alcohol b. HIFU c. cryoablation
b.
Which biliary anomaly is associated with the triangular cord and gallbladder ghost signs? a. cholelithiasis b. biliary atresia c. neonatal jaundice d. choledochol cyst
b.
Which of the following is an anatomic variant that it is possible to visualize sonographically? a. pyloric stenosis b. duplication cyst c. intussussception d. skip lesions
b.
With which ablation technique is ultrasound used as both the ablative agent and for guidance? a. laser b. HIFU c. radiofrequency d. cryoablation
b.
What does the Kasai procedure temporarily treat?
bilary atresia
A type of blue light phototherapy used to treat newborn jaundice is the...
bili light
Skip lesions are associated with which GI pathology? a. duplication cyst b. paralytic ileus c. crohn's disease d. meckel's diverticulitis
c.
Why are linear transducers recommended for GI tract scanning? a. more frequencies available b. better resolution c. displace more bowel gas/ air d. light weight design
c.
With which ablation technique are grounding pads necessary? a. laser b. HIFU c. radiofrequency d. cryoablation
c.
With which ablation technique is needle track seeding a recognized long term possible complication? a. laser b. alcohol c. radiofreqency d. cryoablation
c.
What other organ should be evaluated if incidental agenesis of the seminal vesicle or vas deferens is noted? a. rectum b. scrotum c. heart d. kidneys
d.
Which adrenal tumor has a variable survival rate based on the age of development/diagnosis? a. lipoma b. adrenal hemorrhage c. nephroma d. neuroblastoma
d.
Which of the following is NOT part of the spectrum of DDH (developmental hip dysplasia)? a. mild instability b. subluxation c. frank dislocation d. acetabular tear
d.
Which of the following is associated with a non-functioning kidney? a. ureterocele b. posterior urethral valves c. neuroblastoma d. MCKD
d.
Which of the following is associated with hemihypertrophy and aniridia? a. ARPKD b. prune-belly syndrome c. adrenal hemorrhage d. wilm's
d.
Which of the following is generally considered a serious chest pathology? a. eventration b. slip c. hiatal hernia d. congenital diaphragmatic hernia
d.
Which of the following pediatric renal pathologies will cause the kidneys to appear enlarged and echogenic? a. posterior urethral valves b. adrenal hemorrhage c. renal agenesis d. ARPKD
d.
Which prostate pathology is associated with sexually transmitted disease? a. mullerian duct cyst b. agenesis of the vas deferens c. hyperplasia d. prostatitis
d.
With which ablation technique is a gas used in equipment that destroys tissue? a. laser b. HIFU c. radiofrequency d. cryoablation
d.
The most common indication to perform an image guided biopsy is to...
determine malignancy vs benign
Which term best describes the type of hip abnormality in which the femoral head sits completely outside the confines of the acetabulum?
dislocation
What is hyperbilirubinemia?
excess bilirubin in the blood
Ureterocele, as a result of complete duplication of the renal collecting system and ectopic uereter insertion into the bladder, is more common in...
females
A protrusion of a peritoneal-lined sac through a defect in a weakened abdominal wall is a/an...
hernia
Partial prothrombin time and prothrombin time are tests that are performed pre-biopsy to determine...
how long it takes blood to clot
Air contrast enema is a possible treatment for....
intussusception
Crescent-in-donut is a sonographic sign of which GI pathology?
intussussception
Kernicterus, brain damage,is associated with what unresolved condition?
jaundice
What is the band of connective tissue that separates the paired rectus at midline?
linea alba
Posterior urethral valves is more common in...
males
Which sonographic sign is said to be 90% predictive of GI abnormality?
non-compressibility
When fluid accumulates in the pleural space it is called...
pleural effusion
With which ablation technique is thermal injury to surrounding tissue a possible complication?
radiofrequency
A hernia at the site of semiluaris is also called a/an _____________hernia.
spigelian
What is the term for interruption of blood supply of the bowel that is within a hernia?
strangulation
Which physical finding is >90% predictive of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
the olive sign
What is the common condition that occurs when newborns do not have the enzymes to reduce the bilirubin that is being produced?
transient neonatal jaundice
In which sonographic views does the normal neonatal hip display a "U" shape?
transverse/flexion
The preferred patient position for removing fluid from the pleural space with needle guided ultrasound is...
upright leaning slightly forward
What is the prostatic cyst that is always midline, may have associations with hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and unilateral renal agenesis?
utricle cyst
