Abeka History of the World Chapter 15.3-5: The English Nation

Catherine of Aragon

1st wife of Henry VIII. Mother of Mary I. Henry's desire for a divorce from her precipitated England's break with Rome.

Elizabethan Age

A golden age of English history when Elizabeth I was queen.

War of Roses

A war between the York family and Lancaster family of England for the crown. This struggle was ended when Henry Tudor, who was on the Lancaster side, won. He became Henry VII, the first Tudor king.

Council of Blood

Alva set up a council which became known because of the brutal way it treated the people of the Netherlands. About 8,000 people were executed; 30,000 had their property taken away.

Globe Theater

Built in 1599, this is a famous theater in London where many of William Shakespeare's best-known plays were first performed.

Mary Queen of Scots

Catholic relative to Protestant Queen Elizabeth I of England. She became queen at at one week old; allegedly plotted with Spain's Philip II to overthrow Elizabeth and reassert Catholicism in England. Elizabeth had her beheaded.

Sir Francis Drake

English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596).

Henry VIII

English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval).

William Shakespeare

English playwright, dramatist, and poet; considered one of the greatest writers in the English Language; wrote 38 plays.

Joan of Arc

French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king.

Anne Boleyn

Henry VIII mistress during the time of the English Reformation, she gave birth to Elizabeth, future queen of England. One of the reasons Henry VIII wanted to get his marriage to Catherine annulled is so that he could marry her.

Defeat of the Spanish Armada

Most epic naval turnaround in history. Spain's large ships could not land troops on English shores. Swifter English and Dutch ships outmaneuvered Spain.

Good Queen Bess

Name given Elizabeth I by many English people

Duke of Alva

Sent by Phillip II to "pacify" Netherlands, establishes Council of Blood- thousands killed in one day.

John Knox

The outstanding leader of the Scottish Reformation, was captured at the castle of St. Andrews by Scottish and French troops and forced to serve as a slave on French ships for nineteen months.

Queen Elizabeth I

This "virgin" queen ruled England for 50 years and was one of the most successful monarchs in English History. She supported the arts, increased the treasury, supported the exploration of the New World, built up the military, and established the Church of England as the main religion in England.

Dutch Reformed Church

United the Provinces of the Netherlands. The rise of Calvinism here set the stage for a revolt against the Inquisition of King Philip II of Spain.

Hundred Years' War

War between France and Britain, lasted 116 years, mostly a time of peace, but it was punctuated by times of brutal violence (1337 to 1453).

Queen Mary

Was catholic and thought England should be too, "Bloody Mary", called Bloody Mary because she killed people who weren't Catholic, Bonfires lit in celebration of her death, her half sister is Queen Elizabeth who is Anglican.

John Foxe

Wrote the Book of Martyrs, detailing the death of many who stood for Christ.