Abeka Science Earth and Space (Quarter Exam) Test 3

A 1 cm3 sample of water has a mass of 1g. A 5 cm3 sample of sylvite has a mass of 10g What is the specific gravity of the sylvite?

2

What is the minimum number of seismometers that must detect an earthquake for the earthquake's exact location to be determined?

3

what is the most common igneous rock, which covers much of the ocean floor?

Basalt

The earthquake zone that includes the San Andreas Fault is called what?

Circum-Pacific Belt

What is the organic sedimentary rock that is a fossil fuel?

Coal

What is the rock that consists of smooth pebbles embedded in hardened sand or clay?

Conglomerate Rock

What is the reddish-orange metal that is a good conductor of electricity?

Copper

Which of the following can earthquake waves help us study?

Earth's Interior

What is the green form of beryl

Emerald

Lacey performed several experiments to test how temperature affects the growth rate of artificial crystals, Based on her results, she came to the conclusion that crystals grow faster in warmer temperatures. This is an example of what type of reasoning?

Inductive

What is the streaked metamorphic rock produced from limestone?

Marble

Minerals are rated from softest to hardest on a scale of 1 to 10 using the _________scale of hardness.

Mohs

What is the fastest type of earthquake wave?

P Wave

Predict what would happen if too many denitrifying bacteria were present in the soil.

Plants wold grow slower because of insufficient nitrogen

What is the logic error in which someone assumes a change in one factor caused a change in another factor only because the second change occurred after the first?

Post hoc fallacy

The narrow zone of active volcanoes that nearly encircles the Pacific basin is the ___________________.

RIng of Fire

What is fine-grained sedimentary rock known for its ability to be split into thin layers?

Shale

What is the most reflective metal?

Silver

The idea that undisturbed sedimentary strata lie in the order they were laid down in is the law of what?

Superposition

What scale is used to measure the explosiveness of a volcanic eruption?

Volcanic Explosivity System

A scientist is testing samples of anhydrite, chromite, pyrite, and zircon to determine their hardness. List them in order of hardness.

Zircon, pyrite, chromite, and anhydrite

Consider the following statements:"If a process breaks rocks into smaller pieces, then it is a form of weathering, Ice wedging is a process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces. Therefore ice wedging is a form of weathering." The type of deductive reasoning used in this example is what?

affirming the antecedent

What are smaller earthquakes that follow a large earthquake for days or months?

aftershocks

What is the layer of either porous rock or a gravel-soil mixture that can hold water?

aquifer

What is the plastic rock in the lower portion of the upper mantal on which plates float?

asthenosphere

Which method for reducing earthquake damage involves placing buildings on movable "stilts" that absorb the earthquake energy?

base-isolated systems

A soil sample was tested and had a PH value of 8. What term best describes this soil?

basic

What is the layer of solid rock below the soil?

bedrock

what type of limestone forms from calcium-containing plankton remains?

chalk limestone

The type of metamorphism that results when rocks are baked by contact with hot magma is what type of metamorphism?

contact metamorphism

A variable in an experiment that is the same in all the groups is what type of variable?

controled variable

What is the rocky surface layer of the earth?

crust

What is the point on he earth's surface directly above where an earthquake begins?

epicenter

A group in an experiment on which a test is performed is called what kind of group?

experimental

What type of volcano will probabbly never erupt again?

extinct volcano

What group of metamorphic rocks are made up of layers like the leaves of a book

foliated rocks

water underneath the soil's surface is called what?

ground water

What group of minerals contain fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine?

halides

What is a soil substance composed of decayed organisms's particles?

humus

Which process of manufacturing artificial crystals involves a seed crystal and nutrient material in high pressure vessel?

hydrothermal synthesis

What type of rock forms when magma solidifies?

igneous

What is the general term for a mass of volcanic rock beneath the surface?

igneous intrusion

What is the metal refined using blast furnaces?

iron

What term describes magma bulging overlying rocks upward to produce a dome-like intrusion?

laccolith

What is the metal used in radiation shielding, automobile batteries, and small-arms ammunition

lead

What term describes the way light is reflected from the surface of a mineral?

luster

What is considered the most reliable method for mathematically measuring an earthquake's strength

moment magnitude scale

What type of soil bacteria concert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen-containing compounds?

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

The general term for any nourishing substance is called what?

nutrient

Magnetite is a magnetic mineral that is used as a source of the metal iron. It is composed of iron bonded to oxygen, is black in color and has cubic crystals. What mineral group contains magnetite?

oxides

What type of volcanic ejecta is lava hardened to form either a smooth surface or a ropy surface?

pahoehoe

The mineral that remains glowing after being exposed to ultraviolet light and then placed in the dark exhibits what type of light?

phosphorescense

Which one of the following nutrients do plants need for cell division, growth, and maturity?

phosphorus

what is the most valuable precious metal?

platinum

The rarest, most durable, and most beautiful minerals are called what?

precious stones

In logic, what is a statement of fact called?

proposition

What is a model of a design used for testing called?

prototype

What is the primary factor that determines the texture of igneous rocks?

rate of cooling

Clara is using the scientific method to determine whether dissolved sugar affects water's freezing point. She prepared two beakers with the same amount of water and added sugar to only one beaker

record and analyze data

When multiple scientists test the same scientific idea in different ways and all come to the same conclusion, the idea has what?

reproducibility

What type of mining involves miners removing pillars in a specific order to allow the least stress on the walls and ceiling of the mine?

retreat mining

What is the red variety of corundum?

ruby

What type of rock forms when layers of small particles laid down by water are hardened into rock?

sedimentary rock

What are deposits of sand, mineral fragments, or organic materials usually left by wind or water?

sediments

What is the final step of metallurgy?

shaping

What type of volcano is broad and gently sloping with mil eruptions?

shield volcano

What large group of minerals contain silicon and oxygen?

silicates

An artificial gemstone that looks like a natural gemstone but has different chemical and physical properties is what type of gemstone?

simulant

A line of powder left by a mineral when it is rubbed across unglazed porcelain is called what?

streak

In what type of fault do the rocks along one side more horizontally along the fault?

strike-slip fault

What term describes rocks that bend downward during the folding process to form a trough-like structure?

syncline

What structure ejects solid materials from a volcano?

vent

What are large pieces of solid volcanic ejecta that solidify before being ejected from the volcano?

volcanic blocks

What type of mountain formed when molten rock erupted from a hole in the earth's crust?

volcanic mountain