abnormal development 10 questions

complications of cleft lip

- Difficulty feeding - Altered dentition - Delayed speech development

surgical intervention for cleft lip/palate include

- Lip repair: 2-3 months of age - Palate repair: 6-7 month

Affects on Growth & Development

- Maternal choices during pregnancy - Genetic heredity - Environmental factors - Caregiver roles/lack

nursing interventions of cleft lip/palate

- Monitor weight - Aspiration precautions - Encourage parent-infant bonding

nursing interventions for autism include

- Structured school environments (IEP)• Occupational, physical, and speech therapy• Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT)• Relationship Development Intervention (RDI)• Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)• Complementary/alternative behaviors

symptoms of autism include

- failure to point at objects - mute/utter sounds, repetition of words - spends hours in repetitive activity - bizarre motor behaviors (hand flapping) - resist cuddling - avoid eye contact

meds/stimulants to control hyperactivity include

- mixed amphetamine salts (MAS) - methylphenidate

autism is typically diagnosed between _-_months of age

12-36

down syndrome is at risk for

Congenital heart defects (40-50%)• Visual & hearing deficits (75%)• Thyroid disease• Leukemia/Anemia/Polycythemia• Obstructive sleep apnea• Infections • Alopecia• Seizures Life expectancy: ~ 60 years of age

which type of cerebral palsy is this - abnormal involuntary movements

Dyskinetic/athetoid

characteristics of down syndrome include

Intellectual disability• Slanted eyes• Depressed nasal bridge• Hypotonia• Short stature• Protrusion of tongue (small mouth)• Excessive skin at nape of neck• Excessive space between great and second toe

nursing interventions for down syndrome

Provide supportive measures to promote growth & development •Prevent complications •Provide support and education to family and child

Genetic disorder defined by presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome

Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)

After talking with the parents of a child with Down Syndrome, the nurse should help the parents establish which goal? a) Encourage self-care skills in the child. b) Teach the child something new each day. c) Encourage more lenient behavior limits for the child. d) Achieve age-appropriate social skills.

a

which type of cerebral palsy is this - affects balance and depth perception

ataxic

developmental disability caused by differences in the brain

autism

What is an important nursing consideration post-operatively after a cleft lip/palate repair? a) Administering analgesics such as acetaminophen b) Maintaining a patent airway c) Feeding d) Suctioning mouth

b

A child with spastic cerebral palsy is to begin botulinum toxin type A injections. Which treatment goals should the healthcare team set for the child related to botulinum toxin? Select ALL that apply. a) Improved nutritional status b) Decreased pain from spasticity c) Improved motor function d) Enhanced self-esteem e) Reduced caregiver strain and improved self-care f) Decreased speech impediments

b,c,d,e

meds for cerebral palsy include

baclofen, diazepam, glycopyrrolate, botulinum toxin A

Which statement by a parent would indicate a potential Autism diagnosis? [Select all that apply] a) "My child uses their finger to point at something." b) "My child smiles back at me, when I smile at him." c) "My child makes finger movements near her eyes." d) "My child gets upset and screams when I run the vacuum cleaner." e) "Sometimes I wonder if my child cannot hear me."

c,d,e

Range of nonspecific clinical symptoms characterized by abnormal motor pattern/postures caused by nonprogressive abnormal brain function, and results in a neurologic lesion, Abnormal development or damage to motor areas of the brain

cerebral palsy

- congenital face anomaly - tissue for lip fuses in early pregnancy (5-6 weeks gestation) - palate closes too early (7-9 weeks gestation) - can be unilateral or bilateral

cleft lip/palate

The healthcare team determines that the family of an infant with failure to thrive who is to be discharged will need follow-up care. Which approach would be the most effective method of follow-up? a) Daily phone calls from the hospital nurse b) Enrollment in community parenting classes c) Twice-weekly clinic appointments d) Weekly visits by a community health nurse

d

A lag in meeting developmental milestones

developmental delay

A group of conditions due to an impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas. These conditions begin during the developmental period, may impact day-to-day functioning, and usually last throughout a person's lifetime.

developmental disability

A mental or physical or combination impairment result in lifelong disability, that may contribute to failure to thrive.

developmental disability

Inadequate growth in infants and children

failure to thrive

prenatal causes of cerebral palsy

hypoxia, environmental toxins, pre-eclampsia, genetic abnormalities, and multiples

is this organic or nonorganic FTT - Neglect - Abuse - Behavioral problems - Lack of maternal interaction - Poor feeding techniques - Lack of parental knowledge - Poverty

nonorganic

is this organic or nonorganic FTT - Mental or physical impairment - Cerebral palsy, cardiac defects - Malabsorption - Diarrhea - Vomiting - Changes in metabolism/caloric needs related to chronic illness

organic

perinatal causes of cerebral palsy

prematurity, hypoxia, asphyxia, sepsis, placental complications, Chorioamnionitis, and cerebral hemorrhage

nursing interventions for cerebral palsy include...

promoting mobility, Maintain optimal nutritional intake, Patient and family support/education, Interdisciplinary Team (PT, OT, Speech), Orthotics or Braces, Surgical Interventions

postnatal causes of cerebral palsy

seizures, viral/bacterial infection, intraventricular hemorrhage, Kernicterus, asphyxia

which type of cerebral palsy is this - hypertonicity, permanent contractures

spastic

post op care for cleft lip/palate

• Observe airway for obstruction/bleeding • Prevent injury to suture line • Positioning supine and upright or side-lying • Facilitation of drainage • Facemask for O2 if needed • Cleansing suture line per MD order • Keep infant calm • Avoid items in mouth (i.e. straw, syringe, suction catheter, spoon)

nutrition for children with cleft lip/palate

• Promoting adequate nutrition • Breastfeed • Utilize feeding devices • Assess sucking and feeding • Frequent burping

Nutrition for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders include

•Eat narrower range of foods •May have preference for specific textures, temperatures, colors, and smells of food as well as the environment of which mealtime occurs

nursing interventions for FTT

•Observe parent-child interaction •Weigh child daily •Provide support to alleviate parental anxiety related to child's inability to grow appropriately •Structured routine •Interdisciplinary team •Remain persistent

Antipsychotics are used to manage repetitive and aggressive behaviors in autism include

•risperidone •aripiprazole