abnormal final

"I've been diagnosed with gambling disorder," a friend says. "What kind of therapy works best?" Based on current research, your BEST response is:

"I'd suggest cognitive-behavioral therapies, biological therapies, and self-help groups."

A friend asks, "Why is there such a strong connection between alcohol abuse and suicide risk?" Based on the best available research, you reply:

"No one knows for sure."

A friend of yours has done some heavy drinking and asks you what to do to "sober up" as quickly as possible. Your BEST answer would be:

"Stop drinking."

Of the following, the person who would probably have the highest blood alcohol level after an hour of drinking would be a:

200-pound woman who had drunk six cans of beer.

What is the current incidence of severe unipolar depression in the United States?

5-10%

What percentage of 16-year-old males masturbate at least occasionally?

75%

Considering alcoholism in white American men, African American men, and Hispanic American men, which of the following is MOST accurate?

The patterns of drinking differ across ethnic group.

People who talk rapidly, dress flamboyantly, and get involved in dangerous activities are showing _____ symptoms of mania.

behavioral

A therapist turns on a buzzer when a client speaks slowly and laboriously. She turns it off when the client speaks more rapidly. In other cases the therapist instructs the client's spouse to ignore his mate when she complains or acts in a self-deprecating manner. This is an example of:

behavioral therapy.

New-wave cognitive-behavioral therapies are MOST similar to:

acceptance and cimmitment therapy

Aaron's persistent feelings of sadness and impending doom dominate his life. Every time he says anything even a little positive to his therapist, the therapist smiles. Otherwise the therapist has a stone face. This therapist is probably using some variation of:

behavioral therapy.

A therapist treating a client with illness anxiety disorder repeatedly shows the client how the client's body is less than perfect, while not allowing the client to seek medical attention. MOST likely, the therapist's viewpoint is:

behavioral, and the therapy is called exposure and response prevention.

A person who loses weight by forcing herself to vomit after meals or by using laxatives and who otherwise fits the definition of anorexia is experiencing:

binge-eating/purging-type anorexia nervosa.

Participants who have just completed a very-low-calorie weight-loss program would be MOST at risk for:

bingeing

Assume a researcher finds that overuse of a drug reduces the body's production of neurotransmitters. Thus, if an abuser of this drug stops taking the drug, withdrawal symptoms occur until the brain begins producing normal levels of neurotransmitters again. Such a finding would most directly support which view of the cause of substance use disorders?

biochemical

Beyond its use in the control of pain, _____ has been used successfully to help treat such problems as skin diseases, asthma, insomnia, high blood pressure, warts, and other forms of infection.

biofeedback training

Research suggests that an effective treatment plan for schizophrenia should include:

biological treatments and psychological treatments.

Apparently tricyclics work by:

blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.

Which characteristic is MOST consistent with anorexia nervosa?

body size overestimation

"That personality disorder has become so common, I encounter it almost every day in the emergency room." MOST likely, this doctor is talking about which personality disorder?

borderline

An individual is extremely sad, can't sleep well, and experiences very low, and decreasing, self-esteem. These are features of depression among:

both the elderly and the young.

The stimulant used by MORE people in the world than any other drug is:

caffeine.

Abnormal activity involving which element appears to contribute to the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

calcium

If you were instructed to imagine sexual scenes to identify when in the sexual encounter your anxiety about sex first arose, you would be engaging in a therapeutic technique called:

affectual awareness

An individual with retrograde amnesia:

can learn new information but does not recall events of the past.

The medical problem that is twice as frequent in women with anorexia as it is in women with bulimia is:

amenorrhea.

Lola's physician prescribed diet pills many years ago. Which of the following drugs did the pills MOST likely contain?

amphetamines

A baby who was separated from its mother at birth, and who subsequently became withdrawn, sad, and tearful, could be experiencing:

anaclitic depression.

A bacterium and a virus are examples of:

antigens.

Fungi are an example of:

antigens.

If you were working with a patient who displayed muscle tremors and rigidity, facial tics, and tardive dyskinesia, you would suspect that the person was receiving:

antipsychotic drugs

The dean of academic affairs visits a professor's class as part of a tenure review. At the conclusion of the lecture, the dean exits hurriedly, without saying a word to the professor. The professor, who is prone to depression, concludes, "The dean hated my class so much he was too embarrassed to speak to me." This is an example of a(n):

arbitrary inference.

One reason that the personality disorders are difficult to treat is that the afflicted individuals:

are frequently unaware that they have a problem.

Polysubstance use involving illegal drugs occurs in about what percentage of U.S. illegal drug users?

as many as 90 percent.

A token economy approach to treatment is based on principles from which view of abnormal behavior?

behavioral

Every time Miguel had a headache, his mother let him miss school. Now, as an adult, his headaches have become more frequent. His head pounds any time he is required to do something he would rather not do. This is a _____ explanation of conversion symptoms.

behavioral

Which marks an individual as a pseudocommando?

expecting to be killed while committing mass murder

People experiencing dyspareunia:

experience pain during sex.

Which would be an emotional symptom of depression?

experiences of sadness and anger

According to DSM-5, someone who initiates sexual contact with children is:

experiencing a paraphilia regardless of how troubled the individual may be.

Compared to individuals who are older than 75 and living at home with assistance, similar individuals living in nursing homes are almost twice as likely to experience delirium, providing evidence that:

experiencing delirium is positively correlated with living in a nursing home.

A therapist who sat with a patient with bulimia while the patient ate appropriate quantities of "forbidden" foods, and then stayed until the patient no longer had the urge to purge, would be practicing:

exposure and response prevention.

Changes in body image among African American women and among women in non-Westernized cultures support the idea that _____ has/have a strong influence on body image.

exposure to white U.S. culture

Darius thinks that his poor performance in math was due to a bad teacher. He also believes that he is good in language-based subjects. Darius is sure that he will do better in math next year. This is an example of:

external, specific, and unstable attribution.

If relatives of a person with schizophrenia come to have more realistic expectations, reduce their guilt, and work on establishing better communication, they are probably receiving:

family therapy

What problem did early behavioral therapists focus on when treating sexual dysfunction?

fear

The campus "bra bandit" steals women's underwear from the campus laundry and then masturbates into the underwear. The MOST accurate diagnosis would be:

fetishism

If all you know about someone is that the person has been binge drinking in the past month, then you know the person had at least:

five drinks at a time at least once, and probably is a male.

Immediately preceding the onset of an eating disorder in a woman, one would MOST likely find that she:

had been successful in losing weight and had been praised by family.

If a person with schizophrenia were making involuntary ticlike movements of the tongue, mouth, face, or whole body, smacking the lips, and making sucking and chewing movements, one would suspect the patient:

had been taking antipsychotic medication for a long time.

The perceptual distortions some drugs produce are called:

hallucinosis.

If you do things during your life that promote physical and psychological well-being, you are engaging in a _____ approach to aging.

health-maintenance

In which case is someone MOST likely to develop an eating disorder?

if the person has an identical twin with anorexia nervosa

Symptoms of vaginismus always include:

involuntary contraction of vaginal muscles.

A paraphilia:

is a response to a socially inappropriate object or situation.

A couple has been married for almost 50 years, and then one of them dies. The probability that the surviving spouse will commit suicide:

is much higher than normal.

Depression is more common in women because they experience more taxing life situations, such as poverty and menial jobs, than men. This is the:

life-stress theory

About 17 percent of individuals with Alzheimer's disease also experience:

major depressive disorder.

There is a new game called "Moods" where one acts out the mood listed on a card. Being encouraged to play this game is most like the treatment _____ might use for those with schizoid disorders.

cognitive therapists

A person experiencing unipolar depression writes in an activity schedule, "Go to store; doctor's appointment; visit museum; read novel; clean room." What treatment approach is this person MOST likely receiving?

cognitive therapy

If you are being treated for schizophrenia and are learning to distract yourself from the voices you hear and to reinterpret them as just a symptom of your disorder rather than reality, you are MOST likely receiving:

cognitive-behavioral therapy

A patient with anorexia who says, "I know that a key feature of anorexia nervosa is a misperception of my own size, so I can expect to feel fat regardless of my actual size," has most likely received:

cognitive-behavioral therapy.

According to Edwin Shneidman, people who are ambivalent about their intent to die and whose actions leading to death do not guarantee death (e.g., swimming in shark-infested waters) are called:

death darers.

Cecil and Jeanne, teenagers, made a love pact, jumping from a cliff to be with each other for eternity. Cecil and Jeanne are examples of what Edwin Shneidman refers to as:

death ignorers.

A clouding of consciousness that develops over a short period of time and can often be reversed if its underlying cause can be found is called:

delirium.

The most common form of mood disorder is:

unipolar depression

A person suspected of having unipolar depression has a smaller-than-normal hippocampus, although it produces a normal number of new neurons. This is:

unusual; those with unipolar depression usually have a smaller-than-normal hippocampus, causing it to produce a low number of new neurons.

In looking for a biological cause of an erectile disorder, one would MOST productively look for a:

vascular problem.

An individual who demonstrates a severe anterograde amnesia may still demonstrate evidence of:

verbal skills

Community mental health centers are designed to provide all EXCEPT:

vocational rehabilitation.

People experiencing mania:

want excitement and companionship.

A politician decides to use tears to try and manipulate public opinion by crying at a news conference. Research shows that the politician's use of tears will be most effective if the politician is a woman, she cries a little; man, he cries a little; woman, and she cries a lot; or man, and he cries a lot

man, and he cries a little

Women are more likely to be orgasmic when they have:

marital happiness and a current attraction to their partner's body.

A 65-year-old in otherwise very good health typically will experience occasional:

memory difficulties.

An individual with Alzheimer's disease is able to function independently. The MOST appropriate label for this person's condition is:

mild neurocognitive disorder.

A patient who is called a resident who lives in a therapeutic community and actively works with staff members to create a life that is as much like that outside the hospital as possible, is probably receiving _____ therapy.

milieu

Maxwell Jones (1953) created an approach to psychotherapy of the institutionalized in London called:

milieu therapy

If someone opposes the medical use of THC, that person MOST likely feels that way because:

of legal reasons.

Where would one be MOST likely to see the sentence, "Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels"?

on a pro-anorexia Web site

The proportion of Americans over the age of 11 who smoke is about:

one-quarter

Approximately what proportion of nursing home residents is receiving antipsychotic drugs?

one-third

Reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of:

paranoid personality disorder.

A person who becomes sexually aroused in the presence of stimuli most people in that person's society would not think appropriate is experiencing:

paraphilia

A person lives at home but spends his day at a mental health facility. The facility might be described as providing:

partial hospitalization

If you wanted to write a book about a fictional character who is a "typical" example of antisocial personality disorder, you might have the character exhibit all of the following EXCEPT:

periods of very high anxiety.

A clinician wishes to begin a drug abuse prevention campaign in a community. The most important thing the clinician can do is to:

provide a consistent message across the media about drug abuse.

Group therapy is particularly useful in the treatment of avoidant personality disorder, mainly because group therapy:

provides practice in social interactions.

"It is clear that very demanding parents caused this person to develop paranoid personality disorder." This statement MOST likely would be made by someone from which theoretical perspective?

psychodynamic

An elderly individual has just been diagnosed with depression. In the future, that individual would be expected to:

recover more slowly than average for both injuries and illnesses.

Jason, a recovering heavy drinker, has been trained to identify the situations that might cause him to drink and to be aware of when he should stop drinking. This approach is known as:

relapse-prevention training.

The technique of having a client with pedophilia identify situations in which he performs inappropriate behavior and then teaching him more appropriate coping strategies is called:

relapse-prevention training.

Because alcohol binds to neurons that normally receive the neurotransmitter GABA, it is not surprising that alcohol:

relaxes people.

In Victorian times, a woman diagnosed as "insane" was presumed to have a dysfunction of her:

reproductive organs.

If someone had a sexual dysfunction, we know that this person would not be having difficulty in which of the following phases of the sexual response cycle?

resolution

The preoccupation with food characteristic of anorexia nervosa is thought to:

result from starvation.

In the past 30 years, the rate of opioid addiction in the United States has:

gone down and up at least twice.

Alzheimer's is named for the first person to ______ the disease.

identity

Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed on the basis of:

neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques evident at autopsy.

Depletion of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine has been implicated as a:

critical factor in Alzheimer's disease.

"I'm no fool, no sirree! I'm gonna live to be 103. . . ." sang the Disney character Jiminy Cricket decades ago. If Jiminy Cricket had been a human (most crickets live only a few weeks), what's the BEST advice you could have given him to live a very long life?

"Accept life's challenges with optimism, have good health habits, and inherit 'longevity' genes."

Imagine that your neighbor, who is being treated for schizophrenia, says that she has mostly negative symptoms of schizophrenia and is afraid of the extrapyramidal side effects of medication. She asks you what she should do. Your BEST response is:

"Try atypical antipsychotics; they should work best."

"I want to maximize the antipsychotic effect of a drug while minimizing its undesirable side effects," says a doctor. What's the BEST advice you can give the doctor?

"Use an atypical antipsychotic drug."

A friend says, "My 70-year-old grandmother is in good physical health but has been diagnosed with depression. Should she even bother getting therapy? She is pretty old, after all." Your BEST research-based answer is:

"Yes, more than half of elderly patients show improvement with treatment."

A friend says, "I'm thinking about getting some help for my problem drinking. What's the most commonly used form of treatment?" Your BEST answer is:

"self-help groups."

A person has ingested enough ethyl alcohol to lose consciousness but has not died. The MOST probable alcohol concentration in that person, expressed as a percent of blood volume, is:

.40

Which finding would argue against the idea that low sexual desire in women is caused by societal treatment of women?

A sexually restrictive history is just as common among women with and without low sexual desire.

"Alcoholism is a disease; you are an alcoholic for life, and you must stop drinking." The treatment favored by the person/group being quoted MOST likely is:

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).

The individual associated with developing a cognitive theory of depression based on negative and maladaptive thinking was:

Beck

Research has found that borderline personality disorder is more common among:

Hispanic Americans

Which statement is NOT generally accurate regarding gender and depression?

Men respond less successfully to therapy for depression.

Which statement regarding the treatment of paranoid personality disorder is accurate?

Most therapies are of limited effectiveness and progress slowly.

A client is searching for the BEST treatment for borderline personality disorder. Will drug treatment be effective if it is the only intervention the client receives?

No; they should be used along with psychotherapy, if used at all.

Before the 1950s, why did some therapists believe psychotherapy is unsuccessful in treating schizophrenia?

People with schizophrenia who are not on medication are too far removed from reality to form the relationship needed.

_____ follows clear-cut stressful events where _____ seems to be a response to internal factors.

Reactive depression; endogenous depression

What do androphilia and autogynephilia have in common?

Those who are diagnosed are genetically male.

If a therapist believed that a person was displaying conversion disorder symptoms because the symptoms helped the person avoid unpleasant situations, you would think that the therapist was:

a psychoanalyst or a behaviorist.

A good way to describe a typical manic episode would be to say that it is like:

a roller coaster—up and down, up and down.

If a person primarily fears close social relationships, one would MOST likely conclude that the person is experiencing:

avoidant personality disorder.

Based on past results, one would predict that women who win the Miss America Pageant in the future will:

be smaller than those in the past.

An individual diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder reports having a great deal of difficulty figuring out how others feel and as a child had difficulty developing adequate language skills. These findings would make the MOST sense to a theorist with which background?

cognitive

Which theoretical orientation would the research finding that depressed people choose more pessimistic and self-deprecating statements in a storytelling test demonstrate?

cognitive

In the treatment of schizophrenia, a case manager's primary goal is to help with:

coordination of services

If the focus of your therapist is primarily on how communication and problem-solving difficulties with your partner are contributing to your depression, your therapist is using:

couple therapy.

When a fetishist imagines the object of the fetish and then immediately imagines an aversive stimulus, the behavioral approach being used is:

covert sensitization.

Behaviorists explain the downward spiral of depression by theorizing that:

depressed behavior leads to even fewer opportunities for social rewards.

DSM-5 has been described as functioning like a light switch, which can be "on" or "off." In other words, one either does or does not qualify for a personality disorder diagnosis. Some theorists suggest that degree of symptoms, not symptom absence or presence, is more important and similar to a:

dimmer switch, with the light adjustable from all the way off to all the way on.

Alzheimer's is a brain _____ while stroke is a brain _____.

disease; injury

Compared to earlier antidepressant drugs, "second-generation" antidepressant drugs:

do not work either faster or more effectively.

In one study, prospective parents rated a picture of a chubby child as less _____ than an average-weight child.

friendly and intelligent

If someone felt assigned to the wrong sex and identified with the opposite gender, that person would MOST likely receive a diagnosis of:

gender dysphoria.

Milieu therapy is based primarily on the principles of _____ psychology.

humanistic

If an experimenter stimulates a rat's lateral hypothalamus, the MOST likely result is:

hunger.

Bipolar disorders have recently been linked to:

improper sodium transport.

Cognitive therapy for avoidant personality disorder focuses on:

increasing the client's tolerance of emotional discomfort and building up his or her self-image.

An elderly (older than 65) member of your community has just started using the Internet to keep up with friends and family. This community member is:

increasingly common: the number of elderly individuals using the Internet has doubled, then redoubled, in recent years.

The currently accepted view of eating disorders is that the cause is:

multidimensional.

Ty is fairly handsome but not as handsome as he thinks he is. He doesn't care about anyone but himself and is sure that everyone around him feels the same way. He is MOST likely experiencing:

narcissistic personality disorder.

If a person with schizophrenia were taking antipsychotic medications, he or she could expect the drugs to:

need to be taken even after symptoms have been alleviated.

A person who is experiencing a potentially fatal reaction to an antipsychotic drug involving muscle rigidity and autonomic nervous system dysfunction is displaying:

neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

A person with Alzheimer's disease shows decreased brain activity in the diencephalon. This decreased activity should be related to:

no change in the function of short-term memory but problems in the conversion of short- term memories to long-term memories.

People suffering from anorexia nervosa tend to:

overestimate their body size.

A woman experiences recurrent thoughts of suicide, great sadness, and sleep disturbance. These symptoms began a week after she gave birth and have lasted more than six months. The woman is experiencing:

postpartum depression

Which is NOT a type of major depressive disorder?

posttraumatic

Wes has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people and does not form relationships easily. He appears to be without emotion. Wes may be exhibiting:

schizoid personality disorder.

Which is NOT the name used for a cluster of personality disorders?

schizophrenic

Although initially thought to be due to an excessive amount of a particular neurotransmitter, mania has been found to be due to low levels of which neurotransmitter?

serotonin

The fact that insurance companies in the United States generally covered Viagra but not birth control pills until required to by state law supports the idea that:

society sets different standards for sexually active men than for women.

Emile Durkheim's theory of suicide fits into the:

sociocultural model.

A patient with a heart condition complains of adhesions from his postoperative scar, leg cramps, and joint stiffness. He seems to be hurting all over, but no medical reason can be found to explain the symptoms. The BEST diagnosis for this disorder is:

somatic symptom disorder (predominant pain pattern).

In treating erectile disorder, the tease technique involves:

stimulating the penis but stopping stimulation once erection occurs.

What is the first type of food usually eliminated from the diet of a person who is developing restricting- type anorexia?

sweets

One of the unwanted and later side effects of antipsychotic medications is:

tardive dyskinesia.

Approximately 45 million Americans suffer from:

tension headaches.

A woman who has just given birth is anxious, has trouble sleeping, and feels sad. These symptoms diminish in the next couple of weeks. What she has experienced is most likely:

the "baby blues," something experienced by more than half of new mothers.

If you went to a meeting of a group lobbying for better care for the mentally ill and made up primarily of family members of people with severe mental disorders, you would probably be attending:

the National Alliance on Mental Illness.

If a person taking lithium began experiencing nausea, vomiting, sluggishness, tremors, and seizures, one would suspect:

the person was experiencing lithium intoxication.

A therapist states, "I seldom use drugs when I treat clients with borderline personality disorder." The therapist MOST likely says this because:

the risk of suicide increases because using drugs may lead to overdose.

The strong relationship between antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse means that:

there are high rates of substance abuse among those with antisocial personality disorder.

Serotonin levels are low in those with eating disorders and in those with obsessive- compulsive disorder and depression. This means that:

there is a relationship, but no evidence of causation.

If they are like the majority of obese people, contestants on weight-loss reality TV shows are MOST likely:

to not display binge-eating disorder.

According to cognitive theorists, the underlying distortion in eating disorders is related to:

too much concern with eating, shape, and weight.

A person takes a drug at noon. Although remaining awake and alert, the person experiences poor coordination, palpitations, and greatly enhanced visual perceptions. By dinner, the symptoms have pretty well subsided. MOST likely, that person:

took LSD.