abnormal psych ch 5

Dr. Lopez wants to improve the effectiveness of GABA in a client. She should choose:

a benzodiazepine

Which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning?

behavioral

The belief that human beings, as a species, have a predisposition to develop certain fears is known as the _____ explanation of phobias.

behavioral-evolutionary

A major similarity between the work of Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck is the:

belief that maladaptive thoughts cause anxiety

Which medications work primarily by enhancing the effectiveness of GABA?

benzodiazepines

Which group emphasizes the beliefs and expectations that lead someone with a social anxiety disorder to overestimate how bad a social interaction went?

cognitive-behavioral theorists

Therapists who use the technique of _____ believe that people with phobic disorders must be forced to confront what they fear in its full intensity so they will see that no real danger exists.

flooding

The feelings of being on edge for no apparent reason is called:

free-floating anxiety

When the modeling approach is used to treat a phobia, the client:

observes the therapist confronting the feared object

Which is an anxiety disorder?

obsessive compulsive disorder

The avoidance theory of generalized anxiety disorder suggests that worrying:

serves to reduce bodily arousal

The psychodynamic method that has been shown to significantly reduce the levels of anxiety, worry, and social difficulty of patients with generalized anxiety disorder is:

short-term psychodynamic therapy

People with ____ have severe, persistent, and irrational anxiety about social or performance situations in which hey may face scrutiny by others and possible feel embarrassment.

social anxiety disorder

Performance anxiety is a symptom of _____.

social anxiety disorder

A phobic person is exposed to computer graphics that simulate real-world situations. This is an example of the ____ technique.

virtual reality

An example of a meta-worry is demonstrated by someone who:

worries about worrying

A person asks, "What's the MOST effective treatment for social anxiety disorder?" What is the BEST research-based answer?

the best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast as, and longer than, the best drug therapy

When would religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as stepping on cracks) be considered compulsive behaviors?

when they interfere with daily functions and cause distress

One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that it cannot explain:

why everyone who experiences danger doesn't experience generalized anxiety

Which suggestion is shared by both the metacognitive therapy and the avoidance theory of generalized anxiety disorder?

worrying serves some sort of "positive" function for the sufferer

A compulsion to keep placing certain items (such as clothing, books, or foods) in perfect order in accordance with strict rules is a:

balance compulsion

The idea that human beings are "prepared" to acquire some phobias and not others flows from a _____ perspective.

behavioral-evolutionary

According to cognitive-behavioral theorists, someone with obsessive-compulsive disorder is likely to:

believe that negative thoughts are equivalent to negative actions

Cognitive-behavioral theorists have found that people who develop obsessive-compulsive disorder also:

believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others

What type of drug is used in alprazolam (Xanax)?

benzodiazepine

The anti anxiety dugs diazepam (valium) and alprazolam (xanas) are classified as:

benzodiazepines

In a research setting, a drug is given to a person. The drug causes that person to hyperventilate and experience a rapid heart rate. This is a(n):

biological challenge test

Which statement is TRUE about drug and cognitive treatments for panic disorder?

cognitive treatments have proved to be at least as effective as medications, if not more so

"Although not the only way, I believe that one way of acquiring a fear reaction is through modeling. And that fear reaction may then turn into a phobia." This MOST closely reflects the thinking of a _____ theorist.

cognitive-behavioral

Which is NOT a behavioral technique used in social skills training?

exposure

The cognitive-behavioral perspective of panic disorder suggests that individuals with this condition:

may be overly sensitive to bodily sensation and misinterpret them

The theoretical position that explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety is the ____ approach.

psychodynamic

Rhoda's fear of attending a party is debilitating. To treat this fear, her therapist has Rhoda rehearse introducing herself. This is called:

role-play

If the idea of preparedness is accurate, then:

some phobias should be acquired more easily than others

Which is an example of a specific social anxiety?

fear of social speaking

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorders because they mimic the effect of _____.

GABA

Which thought is consistent with the thinking of someone who has social anxiety disorder?

"I can't go on that business lunch with my boss. I'd spill my food on myself and look like an idiot."

Which statement is the MOST common in obsessive thought?

"If I touch that doorknob, I will be dirty and contaminated."

Which descriptor would be LEAST appropriate for someone experiencing obsessive-compulsive disorder, according to the cognitive perspective?

"Let the good times roll. Don't worry about tomorrow."

A person says, "I've been diagnose with social anxiety disorder, and my therapist wants me to use drug therapy, not psychological therapy. I don't know which to choose." Based on current research, the BEST answer would be:

"Some therapists think psychological therapy should always be used, even with drug therapy, there's less chance of relapse."

The most appropriate motto for someone with generalized anxiety disorder is:

"better safe than sorry"

Current estimates indicate that in any given year, approximately ____ percent of US adults have an anxiety disorder.

18

A client has been experiencing uncontrolled anxiety. His symptoms include edginess, sleep changes, fatigue, and significant distress. To meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, these symptoms must be present for _____ months or longer.

6

To qualify for a DSM-5 diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, the excessive or ongoing anxiety or worry must last for at least:

6 months

When Logan was 5 years old, he was playing with a stuffed bunny when a burglar broke into his house. Now, as an adult, Logan is terrified of rabbits. Why do cognitive-behavioral theorists believe Logan dreads rabbits, even thought he should know they are harmless?

Logan never go close enough to rabbits to learn they are actually harmless

The theory that states people develop generalized anxiety disorders because they failed to receive unconditional positive regard as children and evaluate themselves with conditions of worth it:

Roger's client-centered theory

According to Freud, children who are prevented from expressing id impulses (for example, making mud pies, playing war, and exploring their genitals) are at risk for developing:

anxiety

The physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger is usually termed _____.

anxiety

Samuel cannot leave for work without going back into his house and making sure that he has taken all of his writing materials. He does this several times before he allows himself to start the car and drive to work. He is frequently late for work because he so unsure about remembering everything. Samuel is displaying:

a checking compulsion

Kihye always feels threatened and anxious, imagining something awful is about to happen. She is able to work and care for her family, although not as well as she would like. Kihye is probably experiencing:

a generalized anxiety disorder

A fear hierarchy is:

a list of fear objects or situations

How do phobias and common fear differ?

a phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the thing that causes fear

What is a compulsion?

a repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that people feel they must perform

People with an anxiety disorder are MOST likely to experience:

a second anxiety disorder

Manuel is afraid of eating in public because he expects to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he makes up excuses when asked out to eat. His diagnosis would probably be:

a social phobia

the MOSt common mental disorders in the United States are:

anxiety disorders

Fear of venturing into public places is known as:

agoraphobia

Panic disorder is commonly accompanied by:

agoraphobia

The phobia MOST often associated with panic disorder is:

agoraphobia

A woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently, she has started experiencing extreme, sudden fear every time she enters a crowded street. MOST likely, this woman would be diagnosed with:

agoraphobia and panic disorder

Which behavior pattern is NOT listed in DSM-5 as an obsessive-related disorder?

agorophobia

According to Freud, obsessive-compulsive disorders have their origin in the ____ development

anal

The drug treatment that is MOST effective in treating panic disorders is a(n):

antidepressant drug

Since the 1960s, the drugs MOST likely to be used against panic disorders have been _____.

antidepressants

Which type of drugs has been most helpful in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder?

antidepressants that affect the serotonin system

Eldon occasionally has a racing heartbeat. When this happens, he panics and thinks he is going to die. Gradually, he has developed panic attacks even if he thinks that his heart is beamingly strongly. Eldon apparently has a high degree of:

anxiety sensitivity

Nadia is generally not very anxious. She also does not react as much to bodily sensations that others find anxiety provoking. According to the cognitive-behavioral explanation for panic attack, she probably has a low degree of ____.

anxiety sensitivity

People who experience a positive event, get excited, breathe harder, and have an increased heart rate, and subsequently interprets the symptoms as a heart attack, are experiencing what cognitive theorists call:

anxiety sensitivity

Psychodynamic therapies as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorders:

appear to work better when used in the short term rather than in traditional ways

Which is the BEST example of a brand of social anxiety?

apprehension about being evaluated by others

Research on the cognitive explanation for the development of generalized anxiety shows that people with generalized anxiety symptoms:

are more likely to have fast and strong physical reactions to sttress

Which is NOT a type of anxiety disorder?

bipolar disorder

In terms of cognitive theories explaining generalized anxiety disorder, a good deal of research supports:

both metacognitive theory and intolerance of uncertainty theory

Researchers believe that panic disorder is biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder, based on differences ini the:

brain circuitry involved in the two disorders

A major limitation of treating generalized anxiety disorder with antipsychotic medication is that these medications:

can produce serious side effects

A neurologist who was working with a person with obsessive-compulsive disorder would be suspicious of abnormality in:

caudate nuclei

When he was 5 years old, Sunil was almost struck by lightning while walking through a forest during a rainstorm. Today, he is extremely afraid of trees. A behaviorist would say that he has acquired this fear by:

classical conditioning

Compare the evidence supporting the usefulness of client-centered therapy for those with generalized anxiety disorder versus those with the same condition who receive placebo therapy.

client-centered therapy is only sometimes superior to placebo therapy

The type of therapy that tries to help clients who have anxiety by providing empathy and genuine acceptance is called:

client-controlled therapy

Which therapy is an effective long-term, nonpharmacologic treatment for panic attack that involves teaching patients to interpret their physical sensations accurately?

cognitive-behavioral

Which type of psychotherapist would tell a patient being treated for a cleaning compulsion to resist the urge to mop the bathroom floor for a week?

cognitive-behavioral

"Everyone has intrusive and unwanted thoughts. Most people ignore them. But some people blame themselves and expect terrible consequences, so they act in ways they hope with neutralize the thoughts." The type of theorist who would be MOST likely to agree with this position would be a:

cognitive-behavioral theorist

A psychotherapist models appropriate social skills for a client with social anxiety disorder, then uses modeling for another client with a phobia for spiders. What the therapist is doing is:

common; modeling is often used in the treatment of these kinds of disorders

According to psychodynamic theorists, an obsessive-compulsive disorder, the defense mechanisms used by the ego appear as:

compulsions

repetitive and rigid activities that a person feels forced to perform are called ____.

compulsions

What is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related?

compulsions help people control their obsessions

When Marianela was a young child and watching TV with her mother, a mouse ran by. Her mother screamed, scaring her. Ever since then, Marianela has been afraid of mice. In this example, the mouse is the:

conditioned stimulus

Carl Rogers argues that anxiety disorders arise from the failure to receive unconditional positive regard during childhood. The person develops harsh self-standards, called _____, which he or she tries to meet by repeatedly distorting and denying his or her true experiences.

conditions of worth

If a person criticized everything he did, looking for flaws, and never could measure up to his personal standards, he would be exhibiting what Rogers called:

conditions of worth

A phobic person is taught to imagine the feared item as part of desensitization training. This is an example of the ____ technique.

covert

Fear differs in anxiety that:

dear is a response to a specific threat, whereas anxiety is more general

According to Freud, a generalized anxiety disorder is MOST likely to result when:

defense mechanisms are too weak to cope with anxiety

Which perspective focuses on the intersection and context of important factors at key points of time throughout a person's lifespan?

developmental psychology

The most common theme of obsessive thoughts is:

dirt of contamination

One reason why individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder are now being treated with both drug therapies and cognitive-behavioral therapy is because:

drug therapy alone must be maintained indefinitely to prevent relapse

Which statement is TRUE about social anxiety disordeR?

each year, approximately 8% of people all in the US experience social anxiety disorder

People with ____ keep picking at their skin, resulting in significant sores or wounds.

excoriation disorder

An obsessive-compulsive person who was told that everything was required to wear shoes at all times in the house and not the vacuum for a week would be receiving which type of therapy?

exposure and response prevention

Meyer's technique, which involves instructing clients not to perform their compulsive behavior, is called:

exposure and response prevention

What is the BEST combination of treatments to treat obsessive-compulsive-related disorders?

exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs

A procedure used to treat social anxiety disorder that forces the client to face his or her dreaded social situation until the fear subsides is:

exposure therapy

Until recently, the evidence that generalized anxiety disorder is related to biological factors came largely from:

family pedigree studies

In which kind of study would a researcher determine how many and which relatives of a person with a disorder have the same disorder?

family pedigree study

Social skills training for individuals with social anxiety disorder would NOT include?

flooding

A person with _____ experiences wide-ranging and persistent feelings of worry and anxiety.

generalized anxiety disorder

Alaina is always edgy and nervous and feels there is something to be afraid of, though she cannot name it. She is MOST likely suffering from:

generalized anxiety disorder

GABA has been implicated in the etiology of:

generalized anxiety disorder

According to sociocultural theorists, generalized anxiety disorder is LEAST likely to develop ini people who:

have a lot of free time to think and ruminate about their problems

A person recently was diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. A BEST guess is that the person is in _____ school and is _____ likely than average to have a close relative with social anxiety disorder.

high; more

The therapy Eliot is receiving emphasizes dealing with his compulsions butt not his obsessions. In addition, he does homework in the form of self-help procedures between therapy sessions. Most likely, Eliot is receiving which kind of therapy?

humanistic

"Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves with honesty and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts, emotions, and behaviors." This explanation for anxiety disorders would MOST likely be offered by a:

humanistic theorist

"Generalized anxiety disorder results from repeatedly denying one's true thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. "This statement BEST reflects the perspective of:

humanistic theorists

It is thought that benzodiazepines or antidepressant can reduce symptoms of social anxiety by:

improving how the fear circuit functions

A phobic person is taken to a snake-handling conventions to confront snakes as part of desensitization training. This is an example of the ____ technique.

in vivo

Antidepressants that are effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder serve to:

increase serotonin active in the brain

For an antidepressant to be effective against obsessive-compulsive disorder, it must:

increase serotonin activity

GABA acts by:

inhibiting neuronal firing in the brain

A person who believes that is is awful and catastrophic when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying:

irrational assumptions

A person who believes that one should be thoroughly competent and adequate and achieve in all possible aspects is displaying:

irrational assumptions

The inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held be people with various psychological problems are called:

irrational assumptions

Which statement about the use of antidepressants to treat panic disorder is MOST accurate?

it appears that all antidepressant drugs that restore norepinephrine help prevent or reduce panic symptoms

Which statement is TRUE regarding the use of mindfulness-based therapy?

it has been used to treat a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder

Which is NOT a disadvantage of taking benzodiazepines?

lack of sleep, increased anxiety, passivity

Panic disorder tends to develop in:

late adolescence or early adulthood

Exposure and response prevention as treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder:

leads to improvement that often continues indefinitely

A person experiencing a panic disorder is MOST likely to also have a fear of?

leaving home

According to intolerance of uncertainty theory, individuals with generalized anxiety disorder are:

likely to have difficulty operating he knowledge hat a negative event may occur

Which brain area is rich in neurons and uses norepinephrine?

locus coeruleus

Which statement about GABA is MOST accurate?

low GABA levels can increase acidity in the fear circuit, learning to increased anxiety

A belief of many early cognitive-behavioral therapists, and one that continues to be influential today, is that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by:

maladaptive assumptions

It would be unusual for obsessive-compulsive disorder to develop in a(n):

middle-aged adult

"Your worries are only thoughts. Don't try to stop them! Recognize that they're thoughts, and don't let them upset you so much." This statement MOST likely would come from someone using which form of therapy for generalized anxiety disorder?

mindfulness-based cognitive therapy

The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them:

misinterpret bodily sensations

A person is being treated for a social anxiety disorder. A therapist watches the person act out a social scene, points out what she did correctly and incorrectly, and praises her for what she did well. Which behavioral technique did the therapist NOT use?

modeling

An exposure technique in which the therapist confronts the feared object or situation while the fearful person observes is called:

modeling

Davon watched his father recoil from a snake in fear. Now he is afraid of snakes. This apparent acquisition of fear of snakes is an example of:

modeling

Drew is terrified of the snakes that his 8-year-old son brings home as pets. During his therapy, his therapy demonstrated how to handle them. This is a form of therapy based on:

modeling

During a therapy session to treat a phobia, the therapist confronts the object or situation feared by the client while the client observes. This approach is termed:

modeling

In which behavioral technique is the exposure indirect?

modeling

To treat a client with a fire phobia, a therapist lights a candle, holds it, and permits it to burn a bit. She then invites the client to hold the candle. This is an example of:

modeling

People with panic disorder experience body sensations:

more intensely than those people without panic disorder

Which statement is NOT usually true of those persons with body dysmorphic disorder?

most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered normal for a teenager

Which qualifies are used to describe a person's social anxiety disorder?

narrow or broad

What are the brain circuits?

networks of brain structures that work together

A person says, "I'll try to see only the positive side of things, then everything will be OK." From a cognitive-behavioral perspective, this person is _______ obsessive thoughts.

neutralizing

A person's attempt to eliminate unwanted thoughts by thinking or behaving in ways that put matters right internally is called:

neutralizing

A client has body dysmorphic disorder and is considering plastic surgery. Is this a recommended treatment for this client?

no, often people who have plastic surgery for body dysmorphic disorder actually feel worse afterward

Antidepressant drugs are frequently effective in treating panic attacks. This disorder is related to levels of the neurotransmitter:

norepinephrine

Panic disorder appears to be related to abnormal activity of which neurotransmitter?

norepinephrine

Persistent thoughts, ideas, or images that invade a person's consciousness are called:

obsessions

Repetitive thoughts, ideas, impulses, or mental images that seem to invade a person's consciousness are called _______.

obsessions

Danique is never sure of the right things to do. She married Anthony and has been wondering for years if that was the right decision. She is exhibiting:

obsessive doubts

A psychodynamic theorist finds that a client is experiencing a battle between anxiety-provoking id impulses and anxiety-reducing ego defense mechanisms. He thinks that this usually unconscious conflict is being played out in an open and obvious matter. He is sure this is underlying conflict explains his client's:

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Recurrent and unwanted thoughts or the need to perform repetitive and ritualistic actions is characteristic of _____.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Which disorder appears to have the same prevalence in women and in men?

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Disorders that involve particular patterns of repetitive and excessive behavior that greatly disrupt a person's life and can cause shame are called:

obsessive-compulsive related disorders

A professor's office is a mess; graded tests are in piles on the desk, overflowing bookshelves line the walls, and research materials from years ago occupy boxes on the floor where there is only a narrow pathways to walk. If the professor is experiencing a diagnosable disorder, it would MOST likely be in which category?

obsessive-compulsive-related disorders

A person is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and afraid of dying. Assuming this event is not a heart attack, but rather an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely a:

panic attack

A short-term anxiety reaction that accelerates into a smothering, horrifying ordeal in which one loses control, is practically unaware of what one is doing and feels a sense of approaching doom is called a(n) _____.

panic attack

Rosa's heart was racing from the four cups of coffee she had just finished, but she thought she might be heaving a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a:

panic attack

Sebastian was outside the parking garage when, out of nowhere, he suddenly felt overwhelming fear. Sebastian noticed that his fear increased, he started to feel out of control, and the intensity of the feelings seemed to reach a peak and then pass within a few minutes, this is an example of a:

panic attack

Suddenly and without warning, and without apparent cause, Melissa felt scared that she was losing control and became paralyzed with fear for several minutes. These symptoms are consistent with a(n):

panic attack

A person who experiences unpredictable panic attacks combined with dysfunctional behavior and thoughts is probably experiencing:

panic disorder

Every once n a while, One feels nervous to the point of terror. This feeling seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of a(n):

panic disorder

Of the anxiety disorders discusses in the test, the disorder with the highest female to male ratio is:

panic disorder

What is the biggest difference between those individuals with body dysmorphic disorder and those individuals who are unhappy with their appearance?

people with body dysmorphic disorder may severely limit their contact with other people

Which behavioral assumption has the LEAST amount of research to support it?

phobias are primarily acquired through classical conditioning in humans

Which statement MOST accurately reflects current research findings regarding phobias?

phobias may be a result of classical conditioning

an intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanies by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called:

phobic disorder

Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to things such as spiders and the dark than they do to such objects such as computers and radios. This observation supports the idea of:

preparedness

It is possible that many common phobia reactions can be explained by human having a predisposition to develop certain fears. This idea is referred to as _____.

preparedness

Agoraphobia is the fear of:

public places

a therapist treating a person for generalized anxiety disorder works with the client to help the person understand his or her irrational assumptions and suggests alternative assumptions. This is an example of Elli's technique, called _____ therapy.

rational-emotive

"The reason you are afraid to talk in public is because you believe that everyone must love and approve of you." This statement might be made by a therapist practicing:

rational-emotive therapy

If a therapist gave a client homework that required the client to challenge faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using:

rational-emotive therapy

The therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Einstein is called:

rational-emotive therapy

Avery, a 28-year-old woman, tells her therapists that she has an intense fear of snakes. She says she has been afraid of snakes since she was a child. Which additional criterion would suggest that Avery meets the diagnostic criteria for a specific phobia?

refusal to go to certain places where she believes snakes could be present, such as the lake

Cognitive-behavioral theorists believe that compulsive behavior is:

reinforced because engaging in it reduced anxiety

The biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supporting by the finding that:

relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives are

The first step in systematic desensitization treatment is:

relaxation training

Which of the following is NOT true regarding specific phobias?

repeated exposure to the object causes of gradual fear response

Drugs that calm people at lower doses and help them to fall asleep at higher doses are called:

sedative-hypnotic drugs

obsessive-compulsive disorder is improved by antidepressants that increase ____ activity in the brain.

serotonin

A severe, persistent, and irrational fear of situations in which a person may be exposed to scrutiny, such as public speaking or performing, is called:

social anxiety disorder

Derrick tries to interact with as few people as possible during the workday. He doesn't engage in any nonword events such as birthday celebrations or happy hours because he things he is social awkward and will make a fool of himself. These thoughts and symptoms are consistent with:

social anxiety disorder

Lorna is very fearful of speaking in public and will do everything she can to avoid being evaluated by others, which causes her significant impairment. The MOST accurate diagnosis for her condition would be:

social anxiety disorder

Several techniques, such as modeling and role play, are combined to treat social anxiety disorder in:

social skills training

"Who wouldn't be afraid all the time? We have the bomb, overpopulation, AIDS, and violent crime everywhere. It's difficult to get a good job unless you're a computer genius." This complaint is consistent with a _____ explanation of generalized anxiety disorder.

socicultural

Someone interested in the effects of social change, poverty, and race on the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably supports the ______ perspective.

sociocultural

What perspective maintains that generalized anxiety disorder develops as a result of exposure to threatening environments?

sociocultural

Which has DSM-5 NOT categorized as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder?

somatic symptom disorder

The DSM-5 diagnosis for an uncontrollable and irrational fear of an object, activity, or situation is________.

specific phobia

After relaxation training, a therapist and client create a fear hierarchy of situations that would provoke anxiety in the client. The next step in therapy is pairing of these situations with relaxation, either real-life exposure or imagined. This technique is best described as ____-.

systematic desensitization

Dylan is suffering from arachnophobia. His therapist first has him go through relaxation training, and then has him construct a fear hierarchy. Finally, the therapist has Dylan go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses. This approach is called:

systematic desensitization

Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is known as:

systematic desensitization

According to the psychodynamic perspective, if someone keeps obsessing about immoral sexual behavior and repeatedly scrubs his or her face and hands in response to those thoughts:

the immoral images represent id impulses

What is anxiety sensitivity?

the inability to assess bodily sensations accurately

Which brain areas have been implicated in obsessive-compulsive symptoms?

the orbitofrontal cortex and the caudate nuclei

Lucy is considering taking an antidepressant that increases levels of serotonin and improves brain function for symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. She could expect that:

this medication would lead to short-term relief, but relapse would occur if she stopped taking it

According to cognitive-behavioral theorists, why do patients engage in compulsive behaviors?

those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively reinforced

People who experience obsessions show:

thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them

A professor who puts on rubber gloves before grading papers and faithfully avoids any eye contact with the hand of students is exhibiting a(n):

touching compulsion

What is the biggest difference between treatment outcomes for persons with agoraphobia and persons with specific phobias?

treatment of agoraphobia brings less relief to individual than do the highly successful treatments for specific phobias

What is the scientific name for hair-pulling disorder?

trichotillomania

Compare with men, women are _____ to develop generalized anxiety disorder.

twice as likely

Which is NOT a component of social anxiety disorder, according to research by cognitive theorists?

underestimating how badly a social event actually went

Which is NOT a physical symptom associated with panic disorder?

vomiting