Abnormal Psych Exam 2 - Ch. 8 Dissociative and Somatic Symptom Disorders

_____ is the separation of mental processes that are normally integrated. A) Dissociation B) Somatization C) Schizotypal D) Conversion

A) Dissociation

_____ theory posits that very strong emotions narrow the focus of attention and also disorganize cognitive processes, which prevent them from being integrated normally. A) Dissociation B) Diathesis-stress C) Neodissociation D) Executive monitoring

A) Dissociation

_____ disorders are a category of psychological disorders in which perception, consciousness, memory, or identity are dissociated to the point where the symptoms are pervasive, cause significant distress, and interfere with daily functioning. A) Dissociative B) Hysteria C) Conversion D) Somatic symptom

A) Dissociative

_____ is a dissociative disorder in which the sufferer has significantly impaired memory for important experiences or personal information that cannot be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. A) Dissociative amnesia B) Dissociative fugue C) Depersonalization-derealization disorder D) Dissociative identity disorder

A) Dissociative amnesia

Which statement about hypnosis is NOT true? A) Hypnosis appears to be the most effective treatment for dissociative identity disorder. B) The use of hypnosis to treat dissociative identity disorder is controversial. C) Research has shown that hypnosis alters brain events. D) Hypnosis can be induced only when patients are willing to be hypnotized.

A) Hypnosis appears to be the most effective treatment for dissociative identity disorder.

Which statement about dissociative fugue subtype of dissociative amnesia is true? A) In some cultures, people can develop a related set of symptoms referred to as a running syndrome. B) More males than females experience dissociative fugue. C) Patients with dissociative fugue usually experience more than one episode. D) Dissociative fugue is a common disorder

A) In some cultures, people can develop a related set of symptoms referred to as a running syndrome.

In their research on dissociative identity disorder, what did Reinders and colleagues find? A) Something was neurologically different when the individual was in his or her different alters. B) Alters have a sense of self. C) The dominant alter is the only self who has identifiable differences in brain functions. D) Patients with dissociative identity disorder are inhibited from recalling stored information when a different alter is dominant.

A) Something was neurologically different when the individual was in his or her different alters.

All of these syndromes involve a running episode and a memory problem that arises after the running episode EXCEPT: A) dissociative fugue. B) pibloktoq. C) grisi siknis. D) amok

A) dissociative fugue.

Dissociative identity disorder is: A) observed only in some Western cultures. B) more common among males than among females. C) commonly comorbid with anxiety disorders. D) not usually chronic.

A) observed only in some Western cultures.

With regard to dissociative disorders, the DSM-5: A) reserves the category of dissociative disorders for cases in which perception, consciousness, memory, or identity are dissociated to the point where the symptoms are pervasive, cause significant distress, and interfere with daily functioning. B) includes the phenomenon of possession trance as part of the category of dissociative disorders. C) indicates that occasional dissociating is not part of everyday life and is considered abnormal. D) suggests that symptoms such as depersonalization or derealization are part of a panic attack and not indicative of a dissociative disorder.

A) reserves the category of dissociative disorders for cases in which perception, consciousness, memory, or identity are dissociated to the point where the symptoms are pervasive, cause significant distress, and interfere with daily functioning.

Which statement about depersonalization-derealization disorder is NOT true? A) Equal numbers of males and females have this disorder. B) Depersonalization-derealization disorder usually begins in late adulthood. C) Major depressive disorder is a common comorbid disorder. D) Depersonalization-derealization disorder must impair functioning and cause significant distress in an individual's life.

B) Depersonalization-derealization disorder usually begins in late adulthood.

_____ is a dissociative disorder subtype that involves sudden, unplanned travel and difficulty remembering the past, which can lead people to be confused about who they are and sometimes to take on a new identity. A) Somatic symptom disorder B) Dissociative fugue C) Depersonalization-derealization disorder D) Dissociative identity disorder

B) Dissociative fugue

_____ is a dissociative symptom in which an individual is not sure who he or she is or may assume a new identity. A) Amnesia B) Identity problem C) Derealization D) Depersonalization

B) Identity problem

_____ amnesia occurs when an individual can remember some of what happened in an otherwise forgotten period. A) Dissociative B) Selective C) Localized D) Generalized

B) Selective

_____ proposes that after frequent episodes of abuse with accompanying dissociation, the child's dissociated state can develop its own memories, identity, and way of interacting with the world, thus becoming an alter. A) Dissociation theory B) The posttraumatic model C) Neodissociation theory D) The sociocognitive model

B) The posttraumatic model

All of these are explanations for dissociative amnesia EXCEPT: A) damage to the hippocampus. B) brain injuries. C) the release of too much cortisol over too long a period. D) periods of prolonged stress.

B) brain injuries.

Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one's thoughts, feelings, sensations, body, or actions (e.g., perceptual alterations, distorted sense of time, unreal or absent self, emotional and/or physical numbing) are diagnostic criteria for: A) dissociative identity disorder. B) depersonalization-derealization disorder. C) dissociative fugue. D) dissociative disorder not otherwise specified

B) depersonalization-derealization disorder.

Dissociative identity disorder is associated with: A) peripartum depression. B) early childhood abuse. C) non-hypnotizability. D) dissociative fugue.

B) early childhood abuse.

Which of these disorders is NOT a disorder listed in the DSM-5? A) conversion disorder B) hysteria C) dissociative amnesia D) depersonalization-derealization disorder

B) hysteria

The central feature of dissociative identity disorder is: A) significant memory loss. B) the presence of two or more distinct alters. C) symptoms of anxiety disorder. D) emotional reactivity.

B) the presence of two or more distinct alters.

Until _____, dissociative identity disorder was rarely diagnosed. A) 1920 B) 1945 C) 1976 D) 1982

C) 1976

Which statement about conversion disorder is NOT true? A) Conversion disorder is more common among women than men. B) Conversion disorder is more common in rural populations among those from lower SES backgrounds. C) Conversion disorder usually appears after the age of 35. D) For men, conversion disorder is most likely to develop in the context of the military or industrial accidents.

C) Conversion disorder usually appears after the age of 35.

_____ is a dissociative disorder, the primary symptom being a persistent feeling of being detached from one's mental processes or body. A) Dissociative amnesia B) Dissociative fugue C) Depersonalization-derealization disorder D) Dissociative identity disorder

C) Depersonalization-derealization disorder

_____ is a dissociative symptom in which the external world is perceived or experienced as strange. A) Amnesia B) Identity problem C) Derealization D) Depersonalization

C) Derealization

_____ is an emotional condition marked by extreme excitability and bodily symptoms for which there is no medical explanation. A) Hypochondriasis B) Conversion disorder C) Hysteria D) Malingering

C) Hysteria

_____ amnesia occurs when an individual has a memory gap for a specific period, often the time prior to a stressful event. A) Dissociative B) Selective C) Localized D) Generalized

C) Localized

Which statement about dissociative amnesia is NOT true? A) Dissociative amnesia is rare. B) Dissociative amnesia may be a culture-related diagnosis. C) More males than females experience dissociative amnesia. D) Both children and adults can develop dissociative amnesia

C) More males than females experience dissociative amnesia.

_____ theory posits that an executive monitoring system normally coordinates various cognitive systems, which operate separately, resulting in the executive system no longer having access to information stored or processed by the separate cognitive systems. A) Dissociation B) Diathesis-stress C) Neodissociation D) Executive monitoring

C) Neodissociation

Which statement is NOT a criticism of the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for dissociative identity disorder? A) DSM-5 does not define the separate "personality states." B) Dissociative identity disorder is difficult to distinguish from malingering. C) The DSM-5 defines "identities" too rigidly. D) Dissociative identity disorder can be difficult to distinguish from rapid-cycling bipolar disorder because both involve sudden changes in mood and demeanor.

C) The DSM-5 defines "identities" too rigidly.

All of these social factors have been found to contribute to the development of somatic symptom disorder EXCEPT: A) significant social stressors. B) observational learning. C) classical conditioning. D) operant conditioning.

C) classical conditioning.

Lucy talks about how she feels detached from her body, even though she knows that she is not really detached from her body. What dissociative disorder might Lucy be experiencing? A) dissociative amnesia B) dissociative fugue C) depersonalization-derealization disorder D) dissociative identity disorder

C) depersonalization-derealization disorder

Social factors are thought to have a(n) _____ effect on dissociative amnesia. A) direct B) negative C) indirect D) positive

C) indirect

To qualify as dissociative amnesia: A) trauma and/or stress must be present. B) the memory loss must be selective rather than general. C) the memory problem cannot be explained better by another psychological disorder, a medical disorder, or substance use. D) environmental triggers must be present.

C) the memory problem cannot be explained better by another psychological disorder, a medical disorder, or substance use.

_____ is/are the treatment of choice for most somatic symptom disorders.

Cognitive-behavior therapy

_____ is a somatic symptom disorder that involves sensory or motor symptoms that do not correspond to symptoms that arise from known medical conditions.

Conversion disorder

Treatments that target the psychological factors underlying dissociative disorders focus on: A) reinterpreting the patient's symptoms so that they do not create stress or lead the patient to avoid certain situations. B) the patient learning additional coping strategies to manage stress. C) addressing the presence of alters and dissociated aspects of their memories or identities in the patient. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Which factor is thought to contribute to conversion disorder? A) inhibition of brain areas that register sensation and pain B) self-hypnosis and dissociation C) intense social stressors D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Which statement about dissociation is true? A) It may arise suddenly or gradually. B) Dissociation may be brief or chronic. C) It is not necessarily abnormal. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

_____ is a dissociative symptom in which the perception or experience of self is altered to the point of feeling like an observer. A) Amnesia B) Identity problem C) Derealization D) Depersonalization

D) Depersonalization

_____ is a dissociative disorder, characterized by the presence of two or more distinct alters, each with its own characteristics and history, who take turns controlling the person's behavior. A) Dissociative amnesia B) Dissociative fugue C) Depersonalization-derealization disorder D) Dissociative identity disorder

D) Dissociative identity disorder

Which statement about alters is true? A) Alters do not have access to information acquired by other alters. B) The brain behaves the same when an alter who is aware of relevant information listens to a story than when an alter who is not aware of that information listens. C) Memories acquired by one alter are directly accessible to other alters. D) Each alter has a different "sense of self."

D) Each alter has a different "sense of self."

_____ amnesia occurs when an individual cannot remember his or her entire life. A) Dissociative B) Selective C) Localized D) Generalized

D) Generalized

With dissociative identity disorder, research has shown that the brain responds differently for two _____, which provides evidence that something is neurologically different when the person is in different states. A) hemispheres B) lobes C) ventricles D) alters

D) alters

Symptoms of depersonalization-derealization are common with symptoms of which type of disorder? A) mood B) somatic symptom C) psychotic D) anxiety

D) anxiety

Which of these is NOT part of dissociative symptoms noted in the DSM-5? A) amnesia B) depersonalization C) derealization D) fugue

D) fugue

Which of these is NOT a type of dissociative disorder? A) dissociative amnesia B) dissociative identity disorder C) depersonalization-derealization disorder D) hysteria

D) hysteria

Which of these has NOT been associated with depersonalization-derealization disorder? A) norepinephrine B) cognitive deficits C) stressful events D) substance abuse

D) substance abuse

_____ occurs when people intentionally induce symptoms or falsely report symptoms that they do not in fact have in order to receive attention from others.

Factitious disorder

What do proponents of the posttraumatic model of DID advise clinicians to do?

Identify in detail each alter's personality, recover memories of possible abuse, and then help the patient to integrate the different alters.

_____ disorder typically begins in early to middle adulthood and begins with the patient having poor insight into his or her condition.

Illness anxiety

How is factitious disorder different from somatic symptom disorder?

People with factitious disorder falsely report symptoms that they do not have in order to get attention from others.

_____ disorder, phobias, and panic disorder are all characterized by high levels of fear and anxiety, as well as a faulty belief of harm or danger.

Somatic symptom

_____ disorders are DSM-5 disorders marked by persistent bodily symptoms for which there is no medically identifiable cause.

Somatic symptom

People with somatic symptom disorder most frequently have a(n) _____ disorder.

anxiety

Which characteristics do somatic symptom disorders share?

bodily preoccupation and symptom amplification

The hallmark of somatic symptom disorders is:

complaints about physical well-being that cannot be entirely explained by a medical condition, substance use, or another psychological disorder.

Assertiveness training is an effective cognitive-behavior technique for _____ disorder.

conversion

When treating somatic symptom disorders, the focus of behavioral methods is to:

decrease compulsive behaviors and avoidance.

According to the DSM-5, to be diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder, an individual must have had:

disproportionate and persistent thoughts about the seriousness of one's symptoms.

Which disorder is still diagnosable in DSM-5?

dissociative amnesia

For which disorder is hypnosis used as a form of treatment?

dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, and dissociative identity disorder

In many cultures, including in the United States, somatic symptoms may be regarded as an acceptable way to express _____, such as by those who experienced abuse during childhood.

helplessness

With regard to dissociative identity disorder, the central debate is:

how the disorder arises and continues.

A somatic symptom disorder marked by a preoccupation with a fear or belief of having a serious disease in the face of either no or minor medical symptoms and excessive behaviors related to this belief is _____ disorder.

illness anxiety

Two thirds of people with _____ disorder are estimated to have at least one other psychological disorder, commonly an anxiety or depressive disorder.

illness anxiety

Some researchers have suggested that the neurotransmitter serotonin does not function properly in at least some cases of:

illness anxiety disorder.

The disorder that is most like the former disorder of hyponchondriasis is:

illness anxiety disorder.

Somatic symptom disorders are the most common type of psychological disorder:

in medical settings.

Conversion disorder is different from somatic symptom disorder in that conversion disorder:

is limited to sensory and motor symptoms that appear to be neurological, but it does not correspond to effects of known neurological pathways.

Individuals diagnosed with conversion disorder often have which type of disorder?

major depressive

Conversion disorder is characterized by all of these EXCEPT:

malingering.

When treating somatic symptom disorders, the focus of cognitive methods is to:

modify irrational thoughts and shift attention away from the body and bodily symptoms.

Illness anxiety disorder has many features in common with _____ disorders.

mood

A clinician diagnoses _____ disorder only if the person's response to the symptoms is more extreme than what would be expected based on the medical assessment.

somatic symptom

Patients with _____ disorder who take benzodiazepines or narcotics for relief of bodily symptoms are at increased risk for developing a substance-related disorder.

somatic symptom

The hallmark of _____ is multiple physical symptoms that are medically unexplained and impair an individual's ability to function.

somatic symptom disorder

The diagnosis of conversion disorder is controversial within the DSM-5; some researchers have suggested that it is not a distinct disorder but rather a variant of:

somatic symptom disorder.

Research on somatic symptom disorder suggests that in addition to genes:

specific experiences, not shared experiences among members of a family, affect whether a person will develop the disorder.

According to _____, the therapist unintentionally causes the patient to act in ways that are consistent with the symptoms of dissociative identity disorder.

the sociocognitive model