Abnormal Psych Exam 2
14. Vanessa, who is 40, apparently believes that she is a 20-year-old woman. Suddenly, however, she starts to speak and behave very differently, and says she no longer thinks of herself as "Vanessa." Instead, she claims to be Elise, a 10-year-old child. It is likely that Vanessa has just experienced a a. switch. b. dissociative fugue. c. conversion reaction. d. Manic episode.
A
17. Mood disorders can take on many forms; one of the most severe, involving repeated episodes of extremely low mood,is referred to as a. major depressive disorder. b. Persistent depressive disorder c. cyclothymia. d. melancholia
A
23. In terms of the etiology of mood disorders, research has shown that a. environmental stress plays a larger role in causing depression in men than in women. b. genetic factors are more important in the development of depression in men in comparison to the development of depression in women. c. genetic and environmental factors are equally contributory to mood disorders. d. there are no sex differences in vulnerability to depression.
A
25. When referring to the mood disorders called cyclothymia and dysthymia, it would be accurate to say that an individual with cyclothymia probably a. would be considered "moody." b. cannot function normally at all. c. has more depressive episodes d. has full manic episodes.
A
29. Jimmy has been depressed for a while and his psychologist believes that he may have major depression, but his psychologist also notices that Jimmy never really gets back to normal. Which of the following should the psychologist consider when making his diagnosis? a. double depression. b. bipolar disorder. c. atypical depression. d. dysfunctional dysthymia.
A
40. Mood disorders can range from mild to severe; the most severe type of depression is called a. Major depressive disorder b. Dysthymia. c. Cyclothymia. d. Profound depression
A
43. Martin Seligman's theory that people become anxious and depressed because they believe that they have no control over the stress in their lives is called a. The learned helplessness theory. b. Cognitive-behavioral theory. c. Humanistic/existential theory. d. The control theory of depression
A
48. Which of the following is an example of the phenomenon known as "operant" control of pain behavior? a. Kate's family has always been critical and demanding. Since her accident, though, family members have become caring and sympathetic. b. Kim is recovering from a broken leg. Although she is walking on crutches, she has been trying to be as independent as possible. c. Kinesha had to have a finger amputated after it was partially severed in a slicing accident. Since she feels discomfort in the missing finger, she has been diagnosed with "phantom limb" pain. d. Kyomi suffers from chronic back pain. However, she rarely complains about the pain to others and tries to keep her facial expressions from showing that she is in pain.
A
5. An example of factitious disorder imposed on another is a. deliberate actions directed toward making a child sick. b. a parent lying to a doctor, e.g., saying that the child has had symptoms that never really existed. c. a parent developing the same symptoms that the child exhibits. d. convincing a child to lie to a doctor about factitious symptoms.
A
6. Dissociation is likely to happen a. After an extremely stressful or a traumatic event b. When there is potential secondary gain c. When there is primary gain d. when a patient is malingering
A
13. The main reason why dissociative identity disorder patients tend to have many additional psychological disorders is that a. the number of personalities increases the number of disorders. b. the severe trauma of childhood leads to many problems in later life. c. they seek attention. d. they are substance abusers.
B
15. In dissociative fugue, the term fugue relates to a. confusion. b. flight or travel. c. loss of consciousness. d. hallucination.
B
21. Jane is diagnosed with Bipolar II disorder. You can expect that she will experience a. full manic episodes. b. hypomanic episodes. c. both manic and hypomanic episodes. d. neither manic nor hypomanic episodes.
B
26. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the treatment of mood disorders? a. Patients do not recover from episodes of major depression without treatment. b. Delaying or preventing future episodes of major depression is often an important treatment goal, instead of merely recovering from current depression. c. After a patient has experienced a major depressive episode and recovered, treatment can be discontinued. d. Close to 100 percent of patients with major depressive disorder respond to drug treatment.
B
30. Currently, some of the major contributing factors to illness and death in the United States are a. viral and bacterial. b. behavioral and psychological. c. neurological and endocrinological. d. pharmacological and hormonal.
B
34. Knowledge derived from the behavioral sciences applied to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems is called a. health psychology. b. behavioral medicine. c. psychophysiological disorders. d. psychosomatic medicine.
B
36. Research has shown that increased levels of cortisol in response to stress may cause damage to parts of the a. skeletal system. b. brain. c. lungs. d. stomach.
B
41. Patients diagnosed with dissociative amnesia with a dissociative fugue: a. Seldom recover any sense of their own identity. b. Will travel and typically experience memory loss during their trip. c. Will travel but do not experience memory loss. d. Typically experience memory loss but do not travel.
B
42. Which of the following statements applies to the condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD)? a. People with SAD have symptoms of decreased sleep and decreased appetite. b. Women with SAD reported more autonomous negative thoughts throughout the year than women without SAD. c. Depression in vulnerable people might be triggered by decreased production of the hormone called melatonin. d. SAD can be treated with phototherapy, i.e., 2 hours of exposure to bright light just before going to sleep.
B
47. Neurohormones' main function is to a. Lower stress b. Carry the brain's signals to the rest of the body c. Modulate mood d. All of the above.
B
9. In dissociative identity disorder, the "host" personality usually a. is of a gender opposite to that of the individual. b. becomes overwhelmed trying to hold all of the personality fragments together. c. is the "leader" of the multiple identities d. is well aware of each personality and everything that happens while each personality is active.
B
1. The common aspect of all somatic symptom disorders is a set of a. Irrational beliefs about supernatural influences on one's health. b. Irrational judgments of one's own physical attractiveness. c. excessive or maladaptive responses to physical symptoms or to associated health concerns. d. excessive or maladaptive responses to pain only.
C
11. Which of the following statements is FALSE about dissociative identity disorder? a. Once established, the disorder lasts a lifetime without treatment. b. For prevalence rates, the ratio of females to males is approximately 9 to 1. c. The frequency of switching increases with age. d. The form that the disorder takes does not differ substantially over the lifespan.
C
12. A main difference between somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder is a. Somatic symptom disorder has a real medical basis and illness anxiety disorder does not b. Somatic symptom disorder is heritable and illness anxiety is not c. Somatic symptom disorder is associated with physical exacerbation of real symptoms, whereas illness anxiety disorder is associated with distorted beliefs about normal bodily function d. None; the two terms refer to the same disorder in DSM-5.
C
16. One aspect of the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder is a. patient awareness of the distinct personalities. b. existence of three or more personality fragments. c. amnesia. d. history of abuse.
C
24. Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women include all of the following EXCEPT a. culturally induced dependence and passivity. b. a sense of uncontrollability and helplessness. c. a low value placed on intimate relationships. d. self-blame for being depressed.
C
27. Lithium is a _______and is prescribed as the gold standard for treatment of _______. a. Antipsychotic; very severe depression b. Anticonvulsant; bipolar disorder c. Mood stabilizer; bipolar disorder d. SSRI; bipolar disorder
C
28. Samantha woke up in the middle of the night and decided to drive to Las Vegas, where she quickly spent thousands of dollars on clothes that she did not need and in reality could not afford. The cashiers described her speech pattern as being very fast and all over the place and like she had so much energy despite her lack of sleep. She was also a little irritable. This had been lasting for awhile now. a. Major depressive episode b. Hypomanic episode c. Manic episode d. Postpartum psychosis
C
3. With regard to the treatment of hypochondriasis, some research supports the use of a. classical conditioning and operant conditioning. b. psychoanalysis. c. cognitive-behavioral treatment and stress management. d. humanistic therapy.
C
31. In which of the following ways do psychological and social factors influence health? a. They can affect basic biological processes resulting in illness and disease. b. Unhealthy lifestyles can increase the risk of developing physical disorders. c. Both of these d. Neither of these
C
35. According to the textbook, the physiological response of an individual to a stressor is called a. adaptation. b. fight-or-flight reaction. c. stress. d. a psychological disorder.
C
37. Unhealthy and/or risky behaviors that impact directly on the cardiovascular system may contribute to a. Panic disorder. b. Somatic symptom disorders c. strokes, high blood pressure, and coronary heart disease. d. reduced immunity to autoimmune diseases.
C
38. Whether or not stress and/or anxiety develop in a stressful situation appears to be related to one's perceived sense of a. happiness. b. excitement. c. control. d. acceptance.
C
4. George has completely lost his sight during the past year, but medical experts can find no physical reason for his blindness. This could be an example of a. Somatic symptoms disorder. b. Illness anxiety c. conversion disorder. d. dissociative disorder.
C
44. Stressful events are strongly related to the onset of ____________. a. Depression. b. Bipolar disorder. c. Both, d. Neither.
C
45. With regard to Freud's explanation of "la belle indifference" (the observation that conversion disorder patients are not concerned about their symptoms), research suggests that a. conversion disorder patients do display "la belle indifference," but Freud's explanation of primary gain is not supported. b. Freud's explanation is essentially correct, since there is great variability in the amount of concern that conversion disorder patients display regarding their symptoms. c. conversion disorder patients actually are quite concerned with their symptoms, so Freud's explanation of primary gain is not supported. d. "la belle indifference" is a myth, thus validating Freud's explanation of primary gain.
C
46. Dominant baboons were found to have better physical health than subordinate ones because they had a. More food and mates. b. More resting cortisol levels. c. More predictability and controllability. d. More intelligence and leadership.
C
49. Which of the following statements is true about factitious disorders? a. Patients are usually revealed to be harboring a reason for malingering b. The symptoms are uncontrollable. c. There is no obvious reason for voluntarily producing symptoms. d. All of the above
C
50. Dysphoric mania refers to a type of mood disorder in which manic episodes are a. extremely severe. b. very mild. c. accompanied by depression or anxiety. d. related to a medical condition.
C
7. In dissociative amnesia, the individual typically has no memory of a. any events. b. events prior to a trauma. c. selective events or emotional tone attached to them, particularly those involving trauma. d. events following a trauma.
C
10. With regard to dissociative identity disorder, the term alter refers to ________ within the individual. a. the "host" personality b. a dangerous personality c. the most recent personality to emerge d. a different personality
D
18. Which of the following is usually a component of a major depressive episode? a. Cognitive disturbance b. Somatic/vegetative symptoms c. Loss of interest/motivation d. All of the above
D
19. One symptom of a mood disorder is anhedonia, which means a. a feeling of worthlessness. b. an altered pattern of sleep. c. indecisiveness. d. an inability to experience pleasure.
D
2. Since Jane suffers from illness anxiety disorder, we can expect her to see her physician a. often and feel completely reassured that there is nothing wrong with her health. b. rarely but continue to believe that she is quite ill. c. almost never because she does not trust physicians. d. often but continue to be anxious about her health anyway.
D
20. A hypomanic episode refers to a. A prolonged but less severe form of a manic episode that is easily treated b. A manic episode without hallucinations or delusions c. A manic episode that occurs without any depressive episodes d. A shorter and less severe form of a manic episode with less impairment in functioning
D
22. In comparison to a later age of onset, early onset of persistent depressive disorder (before age 21) is associated with all of the following characteristics EXCEPT a. greater chronicity. b. poorer response to treatment. c. genetic influence. d. better prognosis.
D
32. Which of the following is not a part of GAS (General Adaptation Syndrome)? a. alarm. b. resistance. c. exhaustion. d. recuperation .
D
33. Various psychological factors have been used to explain individual variations in blood pressure, including all of the following EXCEPT a. coping style. b. personality. c. level of stress. d. level of intelligence.
D
39. Various psychological factors have been used to explain individual variations in blood pressure, including all of the following EXCEPT a. coping style. b. personality. c. level of stress. d. level of intelligence.
D
8. A switch a. usually occurs instantaneously. b. is the transition from one personality to another in dissociative identity disorder. c. may exhibit physical transformations. d. all of the above
D
