Abnormal Psych FINAL

If variables were found to be unrelated their correlation coefficient would be:

0

When was the DSM-5 first published?

2013

Which of the following people would be LEAST at risk for hypertension?

Abhi, who has an extensive family and network of friends

What is the difference between acute and gradual onset of a psychological disorder?

Acute: rapid, gradual: overtime

When planning a study, a nurse researcher aims to prevent attrition bias. Which study design is likely to be associated with increased attrition?

Data collection that includes five interviews over 2 weeks

What is the function of endorphins (enkephalins)?

Endorphin and enkephalin are the body's natural painkillers

What does experimental research involve?

It involves testing or attempting to prove a hypothesis by way of experimentation.

What does the placebo effect do?

It triggers natural healing processes in the body, something changes simply because the participant expects the change to occur

What are some of the lifestyle behaviors associated with cardiac problems?

Many of the risks for CVD relate to behaviors such as smoking, diet, physical activity, and management of negative emotions.

A frequent criticism of single-case designs is that the external validity of these designs is limited. Which of the following is not an argument against this criticism?

Single-case designs allow for successive administrations of the same intervention to the same person.

Which of the following individuals have been shown to have greater tendency to suffer from hypertension

Those with high levels of stress whose parents had high blood pressure

Which is a type of circumstance in which women put themselves at risk for HIV/AIDS infection differently from men?

Turning to prostitution in response to economic deprivation

Psychological dysfunction refers to

a breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning

All of the following are psychosocial treatments that have been developed for physical disorders and pain EXCEPT

acupuncture

The multidimensional integrative approach to psychopathology is based on understanding of

all of the above

The interaction of biological influences, psychological influences, and social-cultural influences on our behavior is known as

biopsychosocial approach

​At various times, the symptoms of the disorder known as chronic fatigue syndrome were attributed to all of the following EXCEPT

brain atrophy

The ability to plan, think, reason, and create is located in the part of the brain called the

cerebral cortex

Behavioral influences in the multidimensional model include

conditioned responses

What does the psychoanalytic theory says about conflict between the id and the superego?

creates anxiety

What is a cross-sectional design?

groups of people differing in age are studied at the same point in time

What is external validity?

he amount of certainty that the independent variable influenced the dependent variable

What is internal validity?

he amount of certainty that the independent variable influenced the dependent variable

Individuals in Africa are most likely to become HIV positive following

heterosexual sex with an infected partner.

What is Freud's structure of the mind?

id, ego, superego

Group psychotherapy for cancer patients tends to

increase survival times

According to Holroyd et al., (1984) biofeedback may decrease pain because it

instills a sense of control over the pain.

Studies that have significant confounds are said to be low in:

internal validity

Chronic use of pain medications to treat headaches

is associated with decreased pain initially, but is followed by rebound pain

Emotional experiences, expressions, impulse control, and basic drives such as aggression, sex, hunger, and thirst are the function of the

limbic system

A controlled research study investigating the effects of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome resulted in improvement in

measures of fatigue and ​measures of illness belief.

The treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome developed by Michael Sharpe includes all of the following EXCEPT

medication

What does a correlation of -1 mean?

perfect negative correlation

What does a correlation of 1 mean?

perfect positive correlation

In the 19th century, John Grey, a well-known American psychiatrist, believed that mental illness was due to

physical causes

Most psychological disorders appear to be influenced by many individual genes rather than caused by one single gene, a type of influence referred to as

polygenic

What does a double-blind study protect against?

preventing bias due to demand characteristics or the placebo effect.

What are the main components required for informed consent of research participant?

providing the information to participants ensuring that they comprehend it obtaining their voluntary consent to participate.

The idea that our inherited tendencies influence the probability that we will encounter stressful life events is

reciprocal gene-environment model.

​Recent clinical studies indicate that it is a good pain-relieving strategy to use biofeedback in conjunction with

relaxation procedures.

For most people, perception and the creation of images are usually handled by the:____.

right hemisphere of the cortex

What does epidemiology mean?

study of the distribution of diseases

What is a sequential study design?

subjects from different age groups are studied repeatedly over time.

​In a stressful events record, clients in a pain management program are asked to record

thoughts that occur during stress as well as somatic symptoms.

In biofeedback procedures, clinicians use physiological monitoring equipment to make the responses ________ to the patient.

visible and/or audible

Unhealthy and/or risky behaviors that impact directly on the cardiovascular system may contribute to​

​strokes, high blood pressure, and coronary heart disease.