Abnormal Psych Final Study Set

conduct Disorder

a pattern of behavior in which the rights of others or basic social rules are violated. aggressive. physical cruelty to people or animals. 7- 15 years old

antisocial personality disorder

a personality disorder marked by a general pattern of disregard for and violation of other people's rights

What is the 4 step process psychologists and counselors use to eventually treat a client. What is assessment and what are the next 3 steps?

-Assessment is when, through many possible ways, someone gathers information about the person to try to piece together what might be going on. -The next step is interpretation. This is when the information gathered is looked at and conclusions are drawn. -After that is diagnosis. This is when the symptoms found are categorized and a label is given to that set of symptoms. -The final step is treatment. This is when it is decided how to help the person overcome these things and actually start down that path.

Describe the 4 "D's" of abnormality and state which one is the most reliable predictor of abnormality.

-Deviance- this is when one's behavior differs from what is socially accepted as normal -Distress- this is that the thing someone is dealing with causes them additional stress -Dysfunction- this is when the thing is causing that person to have the inability to function normally in life -Danger- this is when the person is dangerous to themselves or others -Dysfunction is the most reliable predicter

4 areas of focus and study in the biological model. List the 4 and discuss how 1 area could be compatible with another

-Germs, neuroanatomy, neurotransmitters, and genetics. -Germs could cross over with the neurological anatomy part. A certain virus could attack the brain and cause damage there. That could lead to the dysfunction of something in the person's life (brain or body) that is classified as abnormal, since something was damaged in the person's thought process.

Explain his theory of what causes depression.

-It starts with a person being predisposed to something like this, such as genetics, trauma, etc. -Then it goes to something that causes stress in that person's life such as trauma, or an extremely stressful event, etc. -The final part us just some additional things that add to it, such as lack of support, no coping skills, etc. -This leads to depression

List two myths about abnormality and explain why they are false

-That mental health disorders are something to be ashamed of. People cannot help these things. They did not choose to be depressed or anxious, so they shouldn't need to keep these things hidden. -That mental health disorders are contagious. These are not like normal illnesses that can be passed. They are often genetic or situational, so it is not like a depressed person coughing on another person will make them depressed.

Explain how Adjustment disorder, Acute stress disorder, and PTSD are similar and different from one another.

-They all have similar symptoms, but Adjustment is the most different. This one only lasts for a few weeks and is less severe. They all some about in response to trauma, but they are still different. Acute is more severe than adjustment disorder, but it is shorter (up to a month) than PTSD. PTSD is severe and can last up to a lifetime. The length and severity are the differentiating factors between the 3.

Describe 3 reasonable treatment approaches for substance abuse and which one you would feel comfortable encouraging a friend to use and why?

-insight, CBT (aversion, covert sensitization, acceptance and commitment training), Biological (antagonist drugs, interference drugs, agonist drugs), self-help, sociocultural -Self-help- becoming part of a group, where people are all struggling with the same thing, who hold each other accountable until and after they cease drinking -Aversion therapy- classical conditioning that pairs a negative, such as shocking or vomiting with use if the substance. -Acceptance and commitment training- this is when the person kind of analyzes and works through their feelings by accepting them, not being controlled by them, and being kind to oneself. -I would recommend the self-help group groups. Accountability and having a safe, nonjudgmental space is so important. Also, they would have people who were also struggling, and understand what they are going through, around them to relate with.

What are the 3 components of the perfect storm in the US for developing a high rate of eating disorders?

-sedentary lifestyle -easily attainable unhealthy/fatty foods -appearance obsessed culture

Autism

A developmental disorder marked by disabilities in language, social interaction, and the ability to understand another person's state of mind.

enuresis

A disorder marked by repeated bed-wetting or wetting of one's clothes. 5-8 years old

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A disorder of childhood are repeatedly argumentative and defiant, angry and irritable, and, in some cases vindictive

alcholol use disorder

A pattern of behaviors in which a person repeatedly abuses or depends on alcohol. Alcoholism.

dependent personality disorder

A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and an ongoing need to be taken care of.

panic disorder

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

schizoid personality disorder

Persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion.

schizophreniform disorder

Psychotic disorder involving the symptoms of schizophrenia but lasting less than 6 months.

brief psychotic disorder

Psychotic disturbance involving delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech or behavior but lasting less than 1 month; often occurs in reaction to a stressor.

Excoriation Disorder

Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

a childhood disorder marked by severe recurrent temper outbursts along with a persistent irritable or angry mood

persistant depressive disorder

a chronic form of unipolar depression marked by ongoing and repeated symptoms of either major or mild depression (2 years for adults, 1 year for adolescents)

PTSD

a disorder in which a person experiences fear and related symptoms long after a traumatic event

bipolar depression

a disorder marked by alternating or intermixed periods of mania and depression

binge eating disorder

a disorder marked by frequent binges but not extreme compensatory behaviors

cyclothymic disorder

a disorder marked by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and mild depressive symptoms (2 or more years)

adhd

a disorder marked by the inability to focus attention, or overactive and impulsive behavior, or both

anorexia nervosa

a disorder marked by the pursuit of extreme thinness and by an extreme loss of weight

A belief of many early cognitive-behavioral therapists, and one that continues to be influential today, is that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by: a. maladaptive assumptions b. lack of empathy c. interpersonal loss d. overactive id impulse

a maladaptive assumptions

Schizophrenia

a psychological disorder characterized by various psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, restricted or inappropriate affect, and catatonia (6 months or more)

major depressive disorder

a severe pattern of depression that is disabling and is not caused by such factors as drugs or a general medical condition (2 weeks)

A researcher gives the same group of 50 people a survey about their sleep patterns every 5 years. This is an example of a a. longitudinal study b. quasi-experiment c. psychometric instrument d. retrospective study

a. longitudinal study

A high school student asks you, "What's the big deal about using pot at school, anyway? It's not going to hurt me." You want to correct this misconception. The MOST accurate reply you can give is: a. "being high makes it harder for you to remember what you just learned, even if you try to concentrate b. "long-term use of marijuana kills brain cells. You won't be able to learn new things and will forget what you did know." c. "are you kidding? Even one-time use of marijuana can cause stroke or a heart attack" d. "marijuana is bad for your social life. People don't like to associate with drug users"

a. "being high makes it harder for you to remember what you just learned, even if you try to concentrate

What proportion of the population is affected by schizophrenia at some point in their lives? a. 1% b. 2% c. 3% d. 5%

a. 1%

Of the following people, the MOST likely to exhibit a substance use disorder would be a(n): a. American Indian b. African American c. non-Hispanic white American d. Asian American

a. American Indian

Priyanka took a drug 90 minutes ago. Now she sits alone quietly, intently looking at individual blades of grass that are a brilliant purple and intensely listening to the sap running in a nearby tree. The person MOST likely took the drug: a. LSD b. cocaine c. marijuana d. methamphetamine

a. LSD

Which statement is the MOST accurate conclusion about the current understanding of abnormal psychology? a. No single definition of a abnormality has won total acceptance. b. Although abnormality is a well-defined concept, no consensus about treatment exits. c. We have not advanced much beyond the demonology era. d. Both the nature of abnormality and the course of treatment are well understood.

a. No single definition of a abnormality has won total acceptance.

Which statement is the MOST accurate conclusion about the current understanding of abnormal psychology? a. No single definition of abnormality has won total acceptance. b. Although abnormality is a well-defined concept, no consensus about treatment exists. c. We have not advanced much beyond the demonology era. d. Both the nature of abnormality and the course of treatment are well understood.

a. No single definition of abnormality has won total acceptance.

Which description BEST defines self-injury? a. a behavioral pattern of mutilating oneself or causing oneself pain b. the most common method of parasuicide c. a psychological disorder d. an accident that causes personal pain and distress

a. a behavioral pattern of mutilating oneself or causing oneself pain

Jamie's personality disorder is characterized by its unpredictability. Jamie will swing rapidly from one emotional extreme to another, and his behavior is often very impulsive. Which personality disorder does Jamie appear to exhibit? a. borderline b. schizoid c. histrionic d. schizotypal

a. borderline

Most recent research has provided evidence that the primary causes of autism include: a. brain abnormalities b. personality characteristics of the parents c. social status d. environmental stress

a. brain abnormalities

Alcoholics Anonymous supports the belief that alcoholics should: a. cease drinking entirely b. learn to stop after one drink c. be taught to drink more moderately d. admit that they are morally reprehensible for drinking

a. cease drinking entirely

The scarring of the liver caused by alcohol consumption is known as: a. cirrhosis b. hemorrhaging c. vasoconstriction d. Korsakoff's syndrome

a. cirrhosis

When using milieu therapy, what is the primary goal? a. create a social environment that promotes productive activity, self-respect, and responsibility b. decrease inappropriate or maladaptive behavior while increasing appropriate and adaptive behavior c. change how the individual thinks about and perceives the social world d. isolate those with sever psychological disorder from stressful situations or from environmental factors that trigger psychotic symptoms

a. create a social environment that promotes productive activity, self-respect, and responsibility

Piper shot herself by placing the gun barrel in her mouth, in the middle of a dense wood where she knew she wouldn't be heard or found. Piper is an example of what Edwin Shneidman refers to as a: a. death seeker b. death initiator c. death ignorer d. death darer

a. death seeker

What personality disorder is characterized by extreme submission and by interpersonal feelings that are slightly more negative than positive? a. dependent b. schizotypal c. avoidant d. paranoid

a. dependent

Which event in the 1950s led to improvements in biological treatments for mental disorders? a. discovery of psychotropic medications b. development of advanced neurosurgical techniques c. development of standardized screening tests for mental illness d. improved understanding of the electrical system of the human body

a. discovery of psychotropic medications

In contrast to bulimia, a person with BED a. does not use inappropriate strategies to compensate for binge eating b. has a medical, rather than psychological disorder c. has a lower BMI on average d. just needs to exercise better self-control rather than receive psychotherapy

a. does not use inappropriate strategies to compensate for binge eating

Recently, the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia has been challenged because it has been discovered that: a. effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin, glutamate, and GABA as well as dopamine b. excessive dopamine activity contributes to only some kind of schizophrenia c. atypical antipsychotic drugs work exclusively on dopamine receptors. d. those with catatonic schizophrenia respond better to atypical than to traditional antipsychotic drugs

a. effective new drugs suggest abnormal neurotransmitter activity of serotonin, glutamate, and GABA, as well as dopamine

Joey has been wetting his bed since he was a baby. He is 10 years old now. As a result, he will not stay over at his friend's house or go to camp. His condition is called. a. enuresis b. encopresis c. conduct disorder d. nocturnal emission

a. enuresis

A procedure used to treat social anxiety disorder that forces the client to face their dreaded social situation until the fear subsides is: a. exposure therapy b. modeling c. preparedness therapy d. systematic desensitization

a. exposure therapy

How does fear differ from anxiety? a. Fear is a response to a specific threat, whereas anxiety is more general. b. Anxiety is more likely to lead to aggression than is fear. c. Fear is a response to an inanimate threat, whereas anxiety is a response to an interpersonal threat. d. Anxiety is an immediate response, whereas fear is more vague.

a. fear is a response to a specific threat, whereas anxiety is more general

The first response stage to stressors is the alarm reaction, a "general call to arms of the body's defensive forces." This stage is sometimes called the: a. fight-or-flight response b. stage of resistance c. stage of exhaustion d. emotional climax

a. fight-or-flight response

The word lanugo refers to: a. fine, silky body hair that develops in individuals with anorexia nervosa b. involuntary contractions of the intestines that result from a lack of solid food being digested c. erosion of the enamel on the teeth of a person with bulimia nervosa d. the yellowish skin pallor developed by a person with anorexia nervosa

a. fine, silky body hair that develops in individuals with anorexia nervosa

A new test for anxiety shows consistent levels of anxiety across time for people, but very few people have taken the test and accurate norms do not exist. The teat has: a. high reliability but inadequate standardization b. high reliability adequate standardization c. low reliability and inadequate standardization d. low reliability but adequate standardization

a. high reliability but inadequate standardization

________ formerly considered a subtype of OCD, is defined as the acquisition of and inability to discard large quantities of possessions that appear to be of limited value, to the extent that one's living spaces are significantly cluttered. a. hoarding disorder b. trichotillomania c. collection neurosis d. schizophreniform disorder

a. hoarding disorder

Which is NOT one of the three categories of clinical assessment techniques used by mental health professionals? a. interventions b. tests c. observations d. clinical interviews

a. interventions

While treating a client, a clinician asks "Do you know where you are?" and "What is your name?" The clinician is probably conducting a(n): a. mental status exam. b. behavioral interview. c. sociocultural interview d. intelligence test

a. mental status exam

Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? a. None of the models are complete within themselves. b. All of the models include an element of the biological model. c. The underlying assumptions of each model are the same d. Each model views childhood trauma as a factor contributing to abnormal behavior.

a. none of the models are complete within themselves

Emily is extremely afraid of coming in contact with germs so she always wears two pairs of surgical-quality gloves when she leaves her house, and washes her hands repetitively when she gets back. Her fear is a(n) ___________, whereas wearing gloves and handwashing are __________. a. obsession: compulsions b. compulsion; neutralizations c. impulse rituals d. phobia; obsessions

a. obsession; compulsion

After an accident, Kendra was taken to the hospital with two broken legs and one broken arm. She was almost immediately given a shot that reduced her pain. The shot was MOST likely a(n): a. opioid b. sedative c. barbiturate d. amphetamine

a. opioid

Which of these is a depressant? a. opioids b. cocaine c. LSD d. amphetamines

a. opioids

People suffering from anorexia nervosa tend to: a. overestimate their body size b. underestimate their body size c. correctly estimate their body size d. vary in accuracy in estimating their body size

a. overestimate their body size

According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia: a. people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present b. people with certain psychosocial stressors will develop schizophrenia in the absence of a biological predisposition c. biological predispositions for schizophrenia override any evidence for the importance of psychosocial stressors d. people with certain biological predispositions will develop schizophrenia in the absence of psychosocial stressors

a. people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present

A person with schizophrenia who is experiencing alogia is displaying a. poverty of speech b. blunted or flat affect c. loss of volition d. social withdrawal

a. poverty of speech

A man has cheated on his partner and he feels very guilty, but soon he begins to make excuses, saying that his partner has nagged him for years. The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: a. rationalization b. denial c. regression d. projection

a. rationalization

The preoccupation with food characteristic of anorexia nervosa is thought to: a. result from starvation b. be the underlying cause of the disorder c. be more pronounced in younger children with anorexia d. result from overating

a. result from starvation

An important factor to consider when prescribing drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that: a. some people do not benefit from drug treatments b. drugs cannot be combined with other forms of treatment c. drugs are not very effective in the treatment of abnormal behavior d. the adverse effects of drugs will result in worse quality of life than the abnormality brings.

a. some people do not benefit from drug treatments

Which person would be MOST likely to cut out sweets, then eliminate more and more types of foods, but not engage in forced vomiting? a. someone experiencing restricting-type anorexia nervosa b. someone experiencing purging-type anorexia c. someone experiencing purging-type anorexia d. someone experiencing acute-type bulimia nervosa

a. someone experiencing restricting-type anorexia nervosa

A heroin overdose is likely to occur in someone who: a. takes heroin for a while, stops for a time, then starts again, taking the same amount he or she last took. b. takes the same dose of heroin over a prolonged period c. gradually, but consistently, takes larger doses of heroin d. takes heroin for a long time and then begins suing a lower than usual dose.

a. takes heroin for a while, stops for a time, then starts again, taking the same amount he or she last took.

What is the effect of vomiting after a binge episode? a. the individual loses about half of the calories consumed during the binge b. repetition gradually diminishes the appetite for high-calorie foods c. repetition gradually increases the ability to feel satiated after eating d. the individual experiences increased anxiety and self-disgust over the binge episode

a. the individual loses about half of the calories consumed during the binge

Women are at least ______ as likely as men to be diagnosed with major depression a. twice b. three times c. four times d. five times

a. twice

How long must depression last to be classified as a major depressive episode? a. two weeks b. two months c. one year d. two years

a. two weeks

OCD

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

generalized anxiety disorder

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

bulimia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called: a. glia b. dendrites c. axons d. synapses

b. dendrites

The American schoolteacher who lobbied state legislatures for laws to mandate humane treatment of people with mental disorders was: a. William Tuke b. Dorothea Dix c. Clifford Beers d. Benjamin Rush

b. Dorothea Dix

The American school teacher who lobbied state legislatures for laws to mandate humane treatment of people with mental disorders was: a. William Tuke b. Dorthea Dix c. Clifford Beers d. Benjamin Rush

b. Dorthea Dix

A patient has loss of cells in the cortex and the basal ganglia. This is a physical aspect of the what disease? a. depression b. Huntington's disease c. social anxiety disorder d. schizophrenia

b. Huntington's disease

A therapist is evaluating a person who experienced catatonia, disorganized speech, restricted affect, avolition, and social withdrawal for the past two months. This has led to impairment in the person's personal life and at work. Does this patient meet the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia? a. No, the person must also experience delusions or hallucinations b. No, the person must experience symptoms for at least six months or more c. No, the presence of restricted affect and avolition suggest a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder d. Yes, the person meets the diagnostic criteria

b. No, the person must experience symptoms for at least six months or more

Most second-generation antidepressants are: a. selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) b. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) c. tricyclic antidepressants d. monoamine oxidase inhibitors

b. SSRIs

Which does NOT characterize stress disorders? a. recurring memories, dreams, or nightmares about the event b. a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event c. reduced responsiveness to the world around you d. signs of increased arousal, such as poor sleep and exaggerated startle reactions

b. a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event

Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depression and high-flying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment with: a. ECT b. a mood-stabilizing drug c. imipramine d. tranquilizers

b. a mood-stabilizing drug

Where do most people receive treatment for a substance use disorder? a. a private physician's office b. a self-help group c. an inpatient rehabilitation center d. an outpatient mental health center

b. a self-help group

Brody no longer enjoys his usual hobbies, talking to his friends, or even playing with his dog. In fact, Brody didn't even care when he learned that he was up for a promotion at work. This BEST describes: a. fatalism b. anhedonia c. automatic thinking d. dysregulation

b. anhedonia

Someone who drinks alcohol and takes Valium is at risk of death because the substances create a(n) a. synergistic effect b. antagonistic action c. complementary action d. cross-tolerance effect

b. antagonistic action

Gerhard is charming, above average in intelligence, and successful. He is also uninterested in other's feelings and has no genuine interpersonal relationships, largely due to his insincerity, manipulations of others, and repetitive lying. What personality disorder is most likely for Gerhard? a. schizoid b. antisocial c. sociopath d. narcissistic

b. antisocial

Which model of abnormality cites physical processes as being the key to behavior? a. humanistic-existential b. biological c. psychodynamic d. sociocultural

b. biological

Leona has had signs of schizophrenia for 5 days. Which schizophrenia spectrum disorder would she be diagnosed with? a. Schizophrenia b. brief psychotic disorder c. schizophreniform disorder d. she does not yet meet the requirements for any of these disorders

b. brief psychotic disorder

. Many people attempt to change the way they think about a stressor so that, even if they cannot eliminate it, they can at least make it less upsetting. This strategy is known as ________ and it is often a powerful tool for reducing stress responses. a. suppression b. cognitive reappraisal c. thought stopping d. repression

b. cognitive reappraisal

A therapist prescribes a client a drug that causes the patient to vomit every time he drinks alcohol. This therapist is MOST likely a(n) a, psychodynamic therapist b. cognitive-behavioral therapist c. humanistic therapist d. existential therapist

b. cognitive-behavioral therapist

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) focuses on increasing skills that allow individuals to accept ________ and work toward ________. a. the chronicity of their disease; a noble death b. current difficulties; change c. that their problem is everyone else's fault, changing everyone else d. Jesus; holiness

b. current difficulties; change

If you responded to your roommate conflicts by talking to a friend about how angry you are, or by trying to cheer yourself up by concentrating on your roommate's good qualities, or by practicing meditation to reduce feelings of tension, you would be using a(n) coping strategy. a. solution-focused b. emotion-focused c. cognition-based d. behavioral

b. emotion-focused

When answering the telephone of a suicide hotline, the first step for the counselor is to: a. formulate a plan b. establish a positive relationship c. understand and clarify the problem d. assess the caller's suicide potential

b. establish a positive relationship

Which DSM-5-TR diagnosis is best summarized as recurrent skin picking that results in skin lesions, clinically significant distress or functional impairment, along with repeated attempts to stop or decrease the picking behavior? a. body dysphoric disorder b. excoriation disorder c. trichotillomania d. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

b. excoriation disorder

Ophelia is a college-aged woman with a history of dieting. Over the past few months, she has drastically reduced how much food she consumes. She views her constant hunger pain as a positive sign that she is maintaining control over her eating. Even though her weight is now below average, Ophelia still views herself as fat. As her health care provider, you suspect possible anorexia nervosa. Which other sing or symptoms would be present with anorexia nervosa? a. a history of mental illness b. fear of becoming overweight c. extroverted personality d. history of being a picky eater

b. fear of becoming overwight

People with severe mental illness are LESS likely to be ____ than they were 50 years ago. a. medicated with psychotropic drugs b. hospitalized in mental institutions c. homeless or in prison d. treated in outpatient facilities

b. hospitalized in mental institutions

People with severe mental illness are LESS likely to be ________ than they were 50 years ago. a. Medicated with psychotropic drugs b. Hospitalized in mental institutions c. Homeless or in prison d. Treated in outpatient facilities

b. hospitalized in mental institutions

One of the most carefully produced assessment tests is the: a. sentence completion test b. intelligence test c. response inventory d. Rorschach

b. intelligence test

The main difference between hallucinations and delusions is that hallucinations: a. are more serious than delusions b. involve perception and delusions involve belief c. are more common early in the disorder and delusions more common later d. are auditory and delusions are visual

b. involve perception and delusions involve belief

Which statement is TRUE regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? a. it is the most commonly used biological treatment for mental disorders b. it sends brief electrical currents through the brain, stimulation a seizure c. its use is controversial because it requires surgical implantation of electrodes d. it produces a steady stream of low-voltage electricity to the targeted brain areas

b. it sends brief electrical currents through the brain, stimulating a seizure

Which is NOT a compensatory behavior for someone with bulimia? a. excessive exercise b. liquid-only diet c. forced vomiting d. use of diuretics

b. liquid-only diet

Your worries are only thoughts. Don't try to stop them? Recognize that they're thoughts, and don't let them upset you so much. These statements MOST likely would come form someone using which form of therapy for generalized anxiety disorder? a. rational-emotive therapy b. mindfulness-based cognitive therapy c. intolerance of uncertainty therapy d. biofeedback

b. mindfulness-based cognitive therapy

DSM-5-TR is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is: a. exclusively used by the World Health Organization. b. most widely used in the United States c. used for medical disorders d. used exclusively for children

b. most widely used in the United States

A person with schizophrenia who says, "I have 'triscatitis' because the angular shape of my foreffit is diskiltered." experiencing: a. loose associations b. neologisms c. perseveration d. clang

b. neologisms

When a young child yells and throws toys (i.e. throws a temper tantrum), the parents give the child a good deal of attention. Over time, the temper tantrums become more and more common. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from: a. unresolved intrapsychic conflict b. operant conditioning c. unconditional positive regard d. neurotransmitter imbalances

b. operant conditioning

The finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it supports the idea that: a. mental patients should be deinstitutionalized b. organic factors can cause mental illness c. antibiotics cannot cure viral diseases d. physicians should be the practitioners treating mental illness

b. organic factors can cause mental illness

The finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it supports the idea that: a. mental patients should be deinstitutionalized b. organic factors can cause mental illness c. antibiotics cannot cure viral diseases d. physicians should be the practitioners treating mental illnesses

b. organic factors can cause mental illness

Nicholas has an intense fear of dogs that won't go away. He avoids looking at pictures of dogs, and sometimes he can't even leave the house when neighbors are walking their dogs. This kind of fear would be classified as which kind of disorder? a. panic disorder b. phobic disorder c. obsessive-compulsive disorder d. generalized anxiety disorder

b. phobic disorder

"Understanding a person's unconscious processes is critical in explaining abnormality." Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? a. Cognitive-behavioral b. Psychodynamic c. Sociocultural d. Humanistic-existential

b. psychodynamic

Which person with depression would be the LEAST likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder because of the specific circumstances present? a. someone whose mother was depressed b. someone whose community was recently destroyed by a hurricane c. someone who was experiencing a chemical brain imbalance d. someone who also had an alcohol use disorder

b. someone whose community was recently destroyed by a hurricane

Which person with depression would be the LEAST likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder because of the specific circumstances present? a. someone whose mother was depressed b. someone whose community was recently destroyed by a hurricane c. someone who was experiencing a chemical brain imbalance d. someone also had an alcohol use disorder

b. someone whose community was recently destroyed by a hurricane

Which term BEST completes this statement: Judgements of abnormality depend on _____ as well as on cultural norms. a. geography b. specific circumstances c. politics d. our health care system

b. specific circumstances

Which term best completes this statement: Judgements of abnormality depend on ____ as well as on cultural norms. a. geography b. specific circumstances c. politics d. our health care system

b. specific circumstances

When a child's achievement in reading, writing, or mathematics is substantially below that expected for age, schooling, and level of intelligence, a diagnosis of ________ may be given. a. autism spectrum disorder b. specific learning disorder c. failure to thrive d. conduct disorder

b. specific lerning disorder

is when information is best recalled under the same conditions that it was learned a. social learning theory b. state-dependent learning c. active-avoidance learning d. associative memory learning

b. state-dependent learning

A college professor's work performance has recently deteriorated, and his colleagues find him difficult to talk to. If his is due to a problem with drugs, the best description of this professor's behavior would be: a. substance intoxication b. substance use disorder c. tolerance d. withdrawal

b. substance use disorder

Teratogens are a. toxic amino acid byproducts found in the CNS of some children with intellectual disabilities a. toxic amino byproducts found in the CNS of some children with intellectual disabilities b. substances which cross the placenta and damage a fetus c. environmental toxins that can produce intellectual disability in young children d. substances produced as a result of head injury that lead to neural dysfunction

b. substances which cross the placenta and damage a fetus

During a session, a client views several photos that depict people in different social scenarios. As the client views the pictures, the clinician asks the client to fabricate a story to explain what is happening in each picture. The patient is taking: a. the Rorschach test b. the Thematic Apperception Test c. the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) d. an intelligence test

b. the Thematic Apperception Test

What led to the introduction of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder as a diagnostic? a. the belief that the milder form of conduct disorder should be categorized separately b. the belief that too many children were being diagnosed with bipolar disorder c. the need to reduce the prescribing of antidepressants for children and adolescents d. the realization that the causes of mania and mood swings in adolescents are hormonal

b. the belief that too many children were being diagnosed with bipolar disorder

Assume that you are alone in a room with a child suffering from a disorder of childhood. If you didn't know what the child's diagnosis was, what behavior of the child's might start to convince you that the disorder is autism? a. the child argues defiantly with parents b. the child is not responsible to other people c. the child screams uncontrollably when separated from parents d. the child is very active, and finds it difficult to stay on task

b. the child is not responsive to other people

Positive psychology is a movement that emphasizes: a. social acceptance of people with mental health issues b. the cultivation of positive feelings and traits. c. the cultivation of a spiritual outlook on life d. evidence-based treatment methods

b. the cultivation of positive feelings and traits

Positive psychology is a movement that emphasizes: a. social acceptance of people with mental health issues b. the cultivation of positive feelings and traits c. the cultivation of a spiritual outlook on life d. evidence-based treatment methods

b. the cultivation of positive feelings and traits

David Rosenhan (1973) sent eight people to various psychiatric hospitals. All eight falsely reported hearing voices that said "empty", "hollow", and "thud." After being admitted to one of the hospitals, each person acted normally, yet all were diagnosed as having schizophrenia. One of the conclusions from this study is that: a. clinicians are unable to detect "real" schizophrenia b. the expectations produced by labeling can alter perception c. hospitals can produce schizophrenic behavior in normal people d. auditory hallucinations are sufficient for a diagnosis of schizophrenia

b. the expectations produced by labeling can alter perception

Which statement about unipolar depression is TRUE? a. most individuals with unipolar depression require more than one year of treatment before seeing improvement b. the vast majority of individuals with unipolar depression recover within 6 months, sometimes without treatment c. about half of the individuals who receive treatment for unipolar depression improve within the first 6 months; all individuals experience full recovery within one year, even without treatment d. treatment for unipolar depression is always required and is effective almost immediately in approximately two-thirds of all individuals

b. the vast majority of individuals with unipolar depression recover within 6 months, sometimes without treatment

A frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same "high" that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing: a. withdrawal symptoms b. tolerance c. hallucinosis d. intoxication

b. tolerance

Freud believed that all functioning, normal and abnormal, originates from: a. one's underlying biological makeup b. unconscious psychological processes c. the internal battle between good and evil d. conscious internal drives and moral eternal forces

b. unconscious psychological processes

Freud believed that all functioning, normal and abnormal, originates from: a. one's underlying biological makeup b. unconscious psychological processes c. internal battle between good and evil d. conscious internal drives moral external forces

b. unconscious psychological processes +1/2??

Deviant behavior is behavior that: a. is illegal b. violates the society's norms c. is dangerous to self or others d. causes dysfunction in the individual's life

b. violates the society's norms

Deviant behavior is behavior that: a. is illegal b. violates the society's norms. c. is dangerous to self or others d. causes dysfunction in the in the individual's life.

b. violates the society's norms

Tanner is confused and usually thinks that he is a superhero. If his psychiatrist ordered medication, it would MOST likely be a(n): a. stimulant drug b. antianxiety drug c. antipsychotic drug d. antidepressant drug

c. antipsychotic drug

The peak age range for the development of anorexia nervosa is: a. 7 to 10 b. 10 - 13 c. 14 - 20 d. 20 - 25

c. 14 - 20

A client has been experiencing uncontrolled anxiety. His symptoms include edginess, sleep changes, fatigue, and significant distress. To meet the DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, these symptoms must be present for at least how many months? a. 1 month b. 3 months c. 6 months d. 12 months

c. 6 months

If a client is being guided to challenge irrational thinking and to try out new interpretations, the client is MOST likely being treated by a follower of: a. Rogers b. Freud c. Beck d. Bandura

c. Beck

Which statement us FALSE regarding the use of ECT and drug therapies for treating depression? a. ECT works more quickly than drug therapy in reducing depression b. ECT works somewhat more effectively than drug therapy in treating depression c. ECT is likely to be prescribe first, and if it doesn't work, then drugs are prescribed d. ECT appears to be somewhat more successful in reducing short-term suicide risk.

c. ECT is likely to be prescribe first, and if it doesn't work, then drugs are prescribed

A psychologist believes that her client has a generalized anxiety disorder due to lack of unconditional positive regard as a child and as a result has developed conditions of worth. The psychologist is following which theory? a. Pavlov's conditioning theory b. Freud's psychoanalytic theory c. Roger' client-centered theory d. Ellis' rational-emotive theory

c. Rogers' client -centered theory

What is a likely long-term consequence of anorexia? a. a failure to gain weight b. a failure to menstruate c. a continuing concern about weight and appearance d. the inability to succeed at a job

c. a continuing concern about weight and appearance

Which of these phobias is MOST often associated with panic disorder? a. claustrophobia b. acrophobia c. agoraphobia d. metrophobia

c. agoraphobia

Which is the MOST likely reason for the relationship between alcohol use and suicide? a. there is a chemical in alcohol that triggers a suicide response in the brain b. alcohol is less well metabolized by those individuals who are depressed c. alcohol lowers inhibitions and impairs judgment d. pound for pound, women get drunk on less alcohol than do men.

c. alcohol lowers inhibitions and impairs judgment

A person would be LEAST likely to feel drowsy soon after taking a moderate dose of which type of drug? a. barbiturates b. ethyl alcohol c. amphetamines d. opium

c. amphetamines

Tanner is confused and usually thinks that he is a superhero. If his psychiatrist ordered mediation, it would MOST likely be a. stimulant drug b. antianxiety drug c. antipsychotic drug d. antidepressant drug

c. antipsychotic drug

A theorist who takes an evolutionary perspective on abnormal behavior would MOST likely agree that: a. genome mapping is a waste of time b. the evolution of adaptive and maladaptive behavior is fundamentally different. c. at one time what is now often labeled abnormal behavior actually helped humans survive. d. people can inherit physical but not mental capacities

c. at one time what is now often labeled abnormal behavior is fundamentally different.

The MOST common type of hallucination in schizophrenia is: a. visual b. tactile c. auditory d. olfactory

c. auditory

Unlike anorexics, individuals with bulimia ten to a. be less healthy and more concerned with thinness b. suffer from far more severe emotional problems c. be of normal weight or even somewhat overweight d. exercise more in order to become extremely thin

c. be of normal weight or even somewhat overweight

A child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell, and heads for the bathroom. Most likely the child is receiving: a. psychodynamic therapy for enuresis b. psychodynamic therapy for encopresis c. behavioral therapy for enuresis d. behavioral therapy for encopresis

c. behavioral therapy for enuresis

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent binge eating, in which large quantities of food are consumed in one sitting, followed by ________ behaviors to prevent weight gain. a. parasuicidal b. substance abuse c. compensatory d. paradoxical

c. compensatory

A milder pattern of mood swings that does not reach the severity of bipolar disorder but does include brief depressive and manic episodes is called _______ disorder. a. dysthymic b. anhedonic c. cyclothymic d. anxiety

c. cyclothymic

Although token economics can change delusional behavior, _______ may not change. a. catatonic symptoms b. appropriate behaviors c. delusional thinking d. facial expressions

c. delusional thinking

A woman proclaims, "I am the Virgin Mary, and I've come to give birth to a new savior." This person is MOST likely experiencing a. delusions of reference b. delusions of persecution c. delusions of grandeur d. delusions of control

c. delusions of grandeur

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment of: a. schizophrenia b. anxiety disorders c. depression d. bipolar disorder

c. depression

Deciding that a clients' psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called: a. psychotherapy b. assessment c. diagnosis d. triage

c. diagnosis

Which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of one part of the identity from another part? a. mood disorder b. personality disorder c. dissociative disorder d. histrionic personality disorder

c. dissociative disorder

Morgan hears voices that others do not but is not distressed by them. This illustrates that: a. distress must always be used to determine abnormality b. behavior that is not really dangerous can never be considered abnormal c. distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal d behavior that is not distressful is not abnormal

c. distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal

Morgan hears voices that others do not but is not distressed by them. This illustrates that: a. distress must always be used to determine abnormality b. behavior that is not really dangerous can never be considered abnormal. c. distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal d. behavior that is not distressful is not abnormal

c. distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal.

Classic antipsychotic drugs work on which neurotransmitter system? a. norepinephrine b. serotonin c. dopamine d. acetylcholine

c. dopamine

It is thought that people in prehistoric societies believed abnormal behavior resulted from: a. advancing age b. a person not having a soul c. evil spirits that invaded the body and mind d. a state of being disconnected form the Earth and nature

c. evil spirits that invaded the body and mind

It is thought that people in prehistoric societies believed abnormal behavior resulted from: a. advancing age b. a person not having a soul c. evil spirits that invaded the body and mind d. a state of being disconnected from the earth and nature

c. evil spirits that invaded the body and mind

Rosa exhibits facial deformity and neurological dysfunction as a a result of her mother's binge drinking that occurred just prior to pregnancy. This disability is called a. developmental alcohol effect disorder b. gestational alcohol effect c. fetal alcohol syndrome d. minimal teratogenic syndrome

c. fetal alcohol syndrome

Quentin is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork. However, now he lives on his own, has a job, and is able to perform the routine chores of life. He would not be considered to have an intellectual disability because: a. he is too old b. his IQ is not low enough c. he has adequate adaptive functioning d. his condition was not diagnosed before the age of 18

c. he has adequate adaptive functioning

In recent years in the United States, the rate of diagnosing autism has: a. remained constant, and is well below the rate for mental retardation b. remained constant, and is somewhat above the rate for mental retardation c. increased significantly d. decreased by 25%

c. increased significantly

A therapist identifies a biological factor in a patient with depression. What is that factor? a. low activity of GABA b. absence of dopamine c. low activity of serotonin d. excessive activity of norepinephrine

c. low activity of serotonin

The number of diagnosed cases of dissociative identity disorder increased in the 1980s and 1990s. Some researchers are concerned about this trend stating that: a. the disorder cannot be definitively diagnosed until the person has been in therapy for more than seven years b. there are no research studies that confirm the disorder's existence c. many of the cases are unintentionally produced by clinicians d. this is a very common ploy used by criminals to try to avoid consequences for their criminal activity

c. many of the cases are unintentionally produced by clinicians

Ancient societies commonly treated abnormal behavior by: a. committing the affected persons to asylums b. providing moral treatment c. performing an exorcism d. changing the diet

c. performing an exorcism

Since immediately after the birth of her son, Aubree has experienced a period of sadness that interferes with her ability to take care of him. She has never felt this way before, and this sadness has now been going on for several weeks. With which type of major depression would Aubree MOST likely be diagnosed? a. seasonal b. catatonic c. peripartum d. melancholic

c. peripartum

The cognitive-behavioral view of schizophrenia: a. provides a complete explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia b. provides no explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia c. provides a partial explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia d. has not been explored to further understand the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia

c. provides a partial explanation for the origins and symptoms of schizophrenia

Someone who views the chief causes of abnormal functioning as psychological is said to have a ____ perspective. a. moral b. somatogenic c. psychogenic d. psychotropic

c. psychogenic

Someone who views the chief causes of abnormal functioning as psychological is said to have a _______ perspective. a. moral b. somatogenic c. psychogenic d. psychotropic

c. psychogenic

As part of his substance abuse treatment, Fred documents each time he uses the substance and develops strategies to avoid using the substance. He is MOST likely receiving: a. contingency management training b. aversion therapy c. relapse-prevention training d. cognitive-antagonist training (CAT)

c. relapse-prevention training

Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative amnesias and fugues result from: a. projection b. regression c. repression d. sublimation

c. repression

The mood and thoughts of suicidal people are MOST often characterized as: a. anxious and irrational b. angry and aggressive c. sad and hopeless d. tense and manic

c. sad and hopeless

Marked symptoms of both schizophrenia and a major depressive/manic episode, with a duration of 6 months or more, is MOST likely to be diagnosed as: a. brief psychotic disorder b. schizophreniform disorder c. schizoaffective disorder d. delusional disorder

c. schizoaffective disorder

What is considered the first line of treatment for schizophrenia? a. cognitive-behavioral b. social therapy c. second-generation antipsychotic medications d. conventional antipsychotic medications

c. second-generation antipsychotic mediations d. conventional antipsychotic medications

A clinician is particularly interested in a client's family background and community influences. The clinician's orientation is MOST likely: a. biological b. humanistic c. sociocultural d. psychodynamic

c. sociocultural

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle is the: a. id b. ego c. superego d. ego ideal

c. superego

What do acute and posttraumatic stress disorder have in common with dissociative disorders? a. they are diagnoses, first appearing in DSM-5 b. they are most successfully treated with the same sort of medication: antipsychotics c. they are triggered by traumatic events d. they are varieties of depression

c. they are triggered by traumatic events

According to the DSM-5-TR, compulsive behaviors include all of the following EXCEPT a. checking on doors locks, flammable appliances, etc b. ordering and counting objects c. thinking upsetting thoughts d. washing hands repetitively

c. thinking upsetting thoughts

Which statement is NOT true regarding gender and suicide? a. women attempt suicide more often that men do b. men use more lethal means to commit suicide than do c. women succeed at committing suicide more often than men do d. men are more likely to commit suicide when they are elderly than when they are younger

c. women succeed at committing suicide more often that men do

narcissistic personality disorder

characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of success or power, and a need for constant attention or admiration

schizotypal personality disorder

characterized by extreme discomfort in close relationships very odd patterns of thinking and perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities

Avoidant personality disorder

consistent discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation

The test that reports the person's results on clinical scales such as "hypochondriasis" and "psychopathic deviate" is the: a. sentence-completion test b. Thematic Apperception Test c. Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test d. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).

d. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Which test requires the client to view one inkblot at a time and described what he or she sees in the image? a. Thematic Apperception Test b. Sentence Completion Test c. Draw-A-Person test d. Rorschach test

d. Rorschach test

_________ is characterized by the repetitive pulling out of one's hair, despite repeated attempts to stop, resulting in noticeable hair loss and significant distress or impairment. a. excoriation disorder b. Tourette's disorder c. OCD, air pulling subtype d. Trichotillomania

d. Trichotillomania

Nate took a drug and a few minutes later felt calm. He then became drowsy and went to sleep. Nate MOST likely took: a. heroin b. cocaine c. cannabis d. a barbiturate

d. a barbiturate

Which description is LEAST likely to characterize the behavior of someone experiencing anorexia nervosa? a. careful preparation and planning of the food one eats during the day b. feeling oneself to be unattractively overweight c. a view that food deprivation makes one a better person d. a hesitancy to think about food

d. a hesitancy to think about food

Which of these individuals would be MOST likely to be classified as exhibiting abnormal behavior? a. a person who experiences grief immediately after losing their job and then their house b. a person who is nervous about shopping alone for weeks after being attacked by a mugger c. a person who always washes their hands immediately after returning home from grocery shopping d. a person who engages in multiple checking rituals each day and consequently is unable to hold down a job

d. a person who engages in multiple checking rituals each day and consequently is unable to hold down a job

Which of these individuals would be MOST likely to be classified as exhibiting abnormal behavior? a. a person who experiences grief immediately after losing their job and then their house b. a person who is nervous about shopping alone for weeks after being attacked by a mugger c. a person who always washes their hands immediately after returning home from grocery shopping d. a person who engages in multiple checking rituals each day and consequently is unable to hold down a job

d. a person who engages in multiple checking rituals each day and consequently is unable to hold down a job

Which statement describes how phobias and common fear differ? a. fear more dramatically interferes with a person's life b. fear relates to intangible objects, whereas a phobia is specific to tangible things. c. a phobia causes physiological changes, whereas fear causes cognitive changes. d. a phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the thing that causes fear

d. a phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the thing that causes fear

Which statement is NOT true about anorexia nervosa? a. it usually follows a diet in someone who is of normal weight or slightly overweight b. it can follow a stressful event such as divorce, a move from home, or a personal failure c. fatalities occur by suicide or serious medical problems due to starvation d. about 35 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are male

d. about 35 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are male

A woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently, she has started experiencing sudden, extreme fear every time she enters a crowded street. MOST likely, this woman would be diagnosed with: a. panic disorder and specific phobia b. panic disorder c. agoraphobia and panic disorder d. agoraphobia

d. agoraphobia

If a person's primary symptom was excessive worry, the psychotropic drug MOST likely to be prescribed for that person would be an: a. antipsychotic b. antidepressant c. antibiotic d. antianxiety medication

d. antianxiety medication

Nancy constantly feels inadequate and inept, especially in social situations. In social encounters she is very inhibited and afraid of making a mistake that she fears will bring rejection. She avoids occupations and situations that required social interaction. What type of personality disorder does she have? a. paranoid b. schizoid c. dependent d. avoidant

d. avoidant

_________ is an eating disorder characterized only by recurrent episodes of eating unusually large quantities of food. a. bulimia nervosa b. mood-induced eating disorder c. pica d. binge-eating disorder

d. binge-eating disorder

The paradigm, or model, adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the ________ model. a. sociocultural b. biological c. cognitive d. demonological

d. demonological

In the 1960s and 1970sm social upheaval and soul-searching in Western society gave rise to humanistic and existential therapies. The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories: a. focused primarily on unconscious thoughts, instincts, and conflict b. focused on a positive message and living a meaningful life c. identified an external source as the cause of abnormal behavior d. discounted the concept of "abnormal" and focused on acceptance

d. discounted the concept of "abnormal" and focused on acceptance

Hiro was reprimanded by his boss for not working fast enough. When Hiro got home, he yelled at his kids and told them that they were grounded because their homework wasn't yet done. What defense mechanism is at work here? a. sublimation b. repression c. projection d. displacement

d. displacement

Tom is a behavioral therapist for patients with bulimia. He treats one of his patients, David, by exposing him to situations that usually cause binge episodes and then preventing him from binge eating. This technique is called: a. skillful frustration b. temptation-restriction c. willpower reinforcement d. exposure and response prevention

d. exposure and response prevention

A study showed a positive correlation, among adolescent girls, between the time spent on Facebook and the likelihood of experiencing an eating disorder. This result showed that: a. girls who spend time on Facebook are less likely to have eating disorders b. having an eating disorder causes a person to disengage from face-to-face interactions c. being on Facebook is a way to avoid eating d. exposure to social media might be related to an increase in eating disorders

d. exposure to social media might be related to an increase in eating disorders

What is the BEST treatment approach for a person with an eating disorder? a. focus only on changing the poor eating habits b. look for and treat any underlying physiological disorders c. explore possible underlying psychological disorders and treat them accordingly d. first focus on changing the person's eating habits and then identify and treat any underlying causes

d. first focus on changing the person's eating habits and identify and treat any underlying causes

The perceptual distortions that some drugs produce are called: a. intoxication b. substance dependence c. substance abuse d. hallucinosis

d. hallucinosis

Hank's personality disorder is ego-syntonic. What does this mean? a. his disorder has arisen from a disruption in the development of the ego. b. he in unable to view himself and his actions from the perspective of other people in his life. c. his disorder is comorbid with another mental disorder. d. He view the symptoms as a natural part of himself.

d. he views the symptoms as a natural part of himself

Which is NOT a description of one of the three clusters of DSM-5-TR personality disorders: a. odd or eccentric behavior b. dramatic behavior c. high degree of anxiety d. high degree of learned helplessness

d. high degree of learned helplessness

The moral treatment movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because: a. prejudice against those with mental disorders decreased. b. fewer and fewer people were being sent to mental hospitals. c. all patients needing treatments had to be helped. d. hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded.

d. hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded.

Someone who studies the _______ model of abnormality focuses on how values and choices affect behavior. a. cognitive-behavioral b. sociocultural c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential

d. humanistic-existential

A young woman believes that everything negative that happens to her is her own fault, that she ruins everything, and that she always will. the therapist diagnoses her as suffering from a learned helplessness-induced depression because she attributes negative events in her life to: a. internal, global, stable factors b. internal, specific, stable factors c. internal, global, unstable factors d. internal, specific, unstable factors

d. internal, specific, unstable factors

EMTs responding to an emergency call find a person who has injected an overdose of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid. The BEST opioid antagonist to use in this situation is: a. dezocine b. naltrexone c. disulfiram d. naloxone

d. naloxone

A therapist's preferred method of assessing abnormal behavior is to watch clients in their everyday environments and record their activities and behaviors. This approach is known as: a. self-monitoring b. battery observation c. analog observation d. naturalistic observation

d. naturalistic observation

The psychological disorder that anorexia nervosa MOST resembles is: a. a simple phobia b. narcissistic personality disorder c. borderline personality disorder d. obsessive-compulsive disorder

d. obsessive-compulsive disorder

Quincy knows that her family is planning to kill her and sell her prized piano. She's heard them talking about her, and they've tried to tell her that she isn't feeling well when Quincy knows she's in perfect health. Quincy is MOST likely suffering from delusions of: a. grandeur b. reference c. control d. persecution

d. persecution

A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that persists for years after a traumatic event BEST describes: a. hysteria b. acute stress disorder c. generalized anxiety disorder d. posttraumatic stress disorder

d. posttraumatic stress disorder

Olena is trying to quit smoking and has tried many different typical methods. Which of the following is not one of those methods? a. nicotine nasal spray b. subcutaneous nicotine pump c. nicotine patch d. psychotropic drugs

d. psychotropic drugs

When a child with autism jumps, flaps her arms, twists her hands and fingers and makes unusual faces, the child is engaging in: a. self-injurious behavior b. self-communication behavior c. self-motor behavior d. self-stimulatory behavior

d. self-stimulatory behavior

To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, symptoms must be present for ____, during which a person must have been _____ for at least one month a. two months; delusional b. two months; in the active phase c. six months; delusional d. six months; in the active phase

d. six months, in the active phase

According to DSM-5-TR, all of the following are considered symptoms of a manic episode EXCEPT: a. distractibility b. inflated self-esteem c. decreased need for help d. suicidal ideation

d. suicidal ideation

Dylan is suffering from arachnophobia. His therapist first has him go through relaxation training and then has him construct a fear hierarchy. Finally, the therapist has Dylan go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses. This approach is called: a. modeling b. flooding c. preparedness therapy d. systematic desensitization

d. systematic desensitization

A health care provider prescribes disulfiram (Antabuse) for a client with alcoholism. The drug causes severe vomiting if a person drinks alcohol while taking the drug. Why might this treatment be effective in preventing alcohol use even after the client stops taking the drug? a. the drug eliminates the biological urge to drink alcohol b. the drug addresses (corrects) the underlying biological reasons for alcohol abuse c. the client is operantly conditioned to associate sobriety with happiness d. the client is classically conditioned to associate drinking with the negative experience of vomiting

d. the client is classically conditioned to associate drinking with the negative experience of vomiting

A clinical interviewer is interested in stimuli that trigger abnormal responses and also the client assumptions and interpretations. The is MOST indicative of which psychological orientation? a. the biological orientation b. the psychodynamic orientation c. the humanistic orientation d. the cognitive-behavioral orientation

d. the cognitive-behavioral orientation

Virtually all behavioral treatments for OCD and related disorders are based on the principle of a. extinction b. generalization c. unconditional positive regard d. thought challenging

d. thought challenging

To receive a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder with dysthymic syndrome, an adult must have experienced symptoms for at least: a. two weeks b. two months c. one year d. two years

d. two years

Which statement BEST reflects the gender differences seen in unipolar depression? a. men and boys are almost twice as likely as women and girls to have unipolar depression b. men are at least twice as likely as women to have unipolar depression, but girls are twice as likely as boys to develop unipolar depression c. women are at least twice as likely as men to have unipolar depression, but boys are twice as likely as girls to develop unipolar depression d. women are at least twice as likely as men to have unipolar depression, but prevalence among boys and girls is similar

d. women are at least twice as likely as men to have unipolar depression, but prevalence among boys and girls is similar

Parnoid Personality Disorder

deeply distrust and question motives of others. Think everyone is out to harm them

agoraphobia

fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic

borderline personality disorder

repeated instability in interpersonal relationships, self- image, and mood, and by impulsive behavior