Abnormal Psych Test 2

How many stages are there in non-REM sleep?

3

How many symptom groups are there in PTSD?

4

A new patient reports some serious symptoms of depression and desperately needs therapy, but the symptoms are not sufficiently severe to result in a diagnosis. The psychologist will work with the patient, but this presentation of symptoms might best be an argument for which of the following?

A dimensional framework

It may be especially difficult to differentiate bipolar disorder in children from which of the following?

ADHD

Which of the following is not one of the four groups of specific phobias?

Agoraphobia

Dr. Smith is interested in studying the cultural variations in psychological disorders. He might be most interested in which of the following?

Ataque de nervios

Karen is having severe anxiety and comes into a clinic for treatment. Which of the following is most likely going to be used to try and help her with her symptoms?

Biofeedback

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was created in part out of a concern for which of the following being diagnosed in children?

Bipolar disorder

David is terrified of going on a date because he has the constant belief that his date will "make fun of him" and that he will "say a bunch of wrong things." Which treatment orientation might be best suited for David?

CBT

Which of the following statements regarding SSRIs is accurate?

Children should be monitored for increased suicidal thoughts.

Clyde and Sarah just watched their teammate fail at an important athletic competition. Clyde then succeeded at the competition, and Sarah failed. Based on this scenario, which of the following is most likely to be accurate?

Clyde had succeeded earlier in the same competition.

The criticism that it has become "too easy" to diagnose PTSD reflect which of the following?

Conceptual bracket creep

More so than its predecessors, DSM-5:

Considers how the expression of disorders may differ by age, considers how cultural factors may influence the expression of disorders, and considers how sex may influence the expression of disorders

Which of the following is not a primary goal of clinical assessment?

Cure the patient

The primary classification system used in the United States and published by the American Psychiatric Association is the

DSM

Which of the following is characterized as chronic state of depression that a person suffers from for at least two years?

Dysthymia

Clive has PTSD. Whenever he hears a car horn, he feels an incredible sense of panic. This scenario describes which of the following?

Exaggerated startle response

The DSM is currently in which edition?

Fifth

Which of the following is a major factor in distinguishing between normal anxiety and an anxiety disorder?

Functional impairment, Sociodemographics, and Developmental age

A new patient was in a car accident recently in which his head collided against the windshield. Which of the following tests is the most likely to be administered to this patient?

Halstead-Reitan

Susan was sent to a neuropsychologist after a car accident left her having trouble concentrating and remembering things. The neuropsychologist gave her a battery of 10 measures assessing memory, abstract thought, language, sensory-motor integration, perceptions, and motor dexterity. This test battery is called the

Halstead-Reitan

Which of the following is accurate regarding Critical Incident Stress Debriefing?

It can sometimes lead to more harm than benefit.

Which of the following is accurate regarding bipolar disorder?

It is less common than major depression.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a panic attack?

It lasts over an hour.

Which of the following is not accurate when describing an EEG?

It tells you what specific region of the brain is active.

Which statement accurately describes the current edition of the DSM?

It uses a categorical framework.

John is acting in a super-excited way, so energetic he forgets to go to work and calls the boss to insult him. He is likely experiencing which of the following?

Mania

Children may not experience the same sense of worry as adults due to a lack of ___________

Metacognition

Which of the following statements about anxiety disorders is not true?

Most anxiety disorders develop in early adulthood.

Derek is terrified of airplanes. One day, while driving to work, he saw an airplane and immediately turned his car around and went home. This caused him to feel great relief. Derek had just demonstrated which of the following?

Negative reinforcement

Which of the following is not a significant criticism of the DSM?

Not enough disorders

Which of the following is not associated with increased anxiety?

Occipital lobe

A clinician asks a new patient: "Have you had a lot of extra energy lately?" This is an example of what type of question?

Open ended

Dr. Smith gives his patient a test to assess how well his therapy is working at several stages of treatment. This process refers to which of the following?

Outcome evaluation

After being in a car accident, Karen had a lot of feelings of shame and regret. This is most likely a symptom of which of the following?

PTSD

A discrete period of intense fear and physical arousal is called ___________

Panic attack

Anxiety is generally conceptualized as involving each of the following except?

Past-oriented

Why do biological theories of anxiety disorders consider serotonin to be important?

People who are prescribed SSRIs, which increase serotonin, report that their feelings of anxiety decrease. Biochemical challenges that alter serotonin levels are related to increases or decreases in feelings of anxiety. Serotonin is lower in the CSF of people with anxiety disorders.

"Baby blues" are a risk factor for which of the following?

Peripartum depression

The Rorschach Inkblot is an example of what kind of personality test?

Projective

David is seeing a doctor about his anxiety, and the doctor constantly asks David for details about his childhood relationship with his parents. This doctor is likely using which treatment orientation?

Psychodynamic

Which of the following is not an index score of the WAIS-IV?

Recall

Sharron has combat-related PTSD. Which of the following is most likely to be true?

She has another anxiety disorder as well.

Craig is so nervous at parties that he feels he could have a panic attack at any moment. He likely suffers from _________

Social anxiety disorder

Joshua is terrified of going to the doctor to receive his necessary immunizations. He most likely has which disorder?

Specific phobia

Randall had the sudden thought "I'm going to be attacked any moment!" This is an example of:

Subjective distress

Which of the following criteria determine if phobia should be applied to a specific fear?

The fear causes significant emotional distress for the person and/or impairs the person's ability to function

Which of the following is accurate regarding anxiety disorders?

They are associated with decreased serotonin levels.

Which of the following is accurate regarding SSRIs?

They increase serotonin levels.

Which of the following is true regarding anxiety disorders?

They occur more often in women than men.

John and Derek are 6-month-old infants. When Derek does not get a toy he wants, he screams loudly, while John remains passive and calm. This difference in behavior reflects which of the following?

Trait anxiety

Which of the following is a good test of frontal lobe deficits?

Wisconsin card sort

In order to determine the severity of a patient's symptoms, a psychologist asks her patient who is terrified of flying to try going on an airplane. This is an example of ____________

a behavioral avoidance test

Physicians and other practitioners may choose to give new patients a screening assessment, which is

a brief measure in which a cutoff score indicates the possibility of significant problems

With psychological disorders, the diagnosis given is primarily based on

a cluster of symptoms

A psychologist is attempting to determine what a patient does right before he has a panic attack. This is an example of ____________

a functional analysis

The currently available data on the heritability of anxiety disorders suggest that

a general vulnerability factor or anxiety proneness is what is inherited

Fear of situations such as public transportation, enclosed spaces, lines or crowds, of being outside of the home alone is a main symptom of

agoraphobia

A measure of clinical significance tells us that

an observed change in a patient is a meaningful improvement

Sam has a spider phobia, and he has not gone to the woodshed since his wife complained of all the cobwebs in there. He has responded behaviorally with

avoidance

A patient has an extreme spider phobia. He is taken to a room with a cage of spiders against the opposite wall. He is asked to walk as close to the cage as he can. He takes two steps toward the cage and says he cannot go any closer. The psychologist measures the distance on the floor from the patient's feet to the cage. This is a

behavioral avoidance test

Dimensional classification is an alternative to categorical systems such as the DSM. One advantage of a dimensional system is

better description of patients whose problems do not fit into a single category

Although PTSD affects people of all ages, genders, and ethnic backgrounds, it is slightly different in children because

children engage in traumatic play

Derealization or depersonalization (feelings of being detached from one's body or one's surroundings), fear of losing control or going crazy, and fear of dying are

cognitive symptoms of panic attack

Dr. Smith develops the Smith Depression Inventory and gives it to hundreds of patients with depression. He also gives those patients the widely used Beck Depression Inventory. He finds that the average scores on the two questionnaires are highly correlated. Dr. Smith has demonstrated that the Smith Depression Inventory has

concurrent validity

A new measure of snake phobia seems to measure spider phobia much better than snake phobia. This measure may have a problem with ______

construct validity

Administering psychological tests to someone from another country may produce biased results if which of the following is not considered?

cultural beliefs and values of the person taking the test, the language in which the test was written, and the education of the person taking the test

Which of the following is commonly comorbid with depressive disorders?

diabetes, substance abuse disorders, and anxiety disorders

Attempts to determine which of several possible diagnoses most clearly describes a patient's symptoms are called ________

differential diagnoses

Bipolar disorder is comorbid with each of the following except _____

dissociative amnesia

Todd is afraid of flying. He is invited for a job interview that requires air travel. He has a panic attack while preparing for his interview a week before his flight. His panic attack would fall under what type?

expected

The common ingredient in the most effective forms of behavioral and cognitive behavioral treatments of anxiety is

exposure

Michael went to a doctor and was diagnosed with clinical depression after an assessment. However, it was later found that no ever depression existed. Michael's assessment produced a _____

false positive

For the past year, Maya has been experiencing uncontrollable worry about the future of her business, crime in the neighborhood, whether her husband truly cares for her, and her children's health. All of these concerns are out of proportion to the actual situation. She may be experiencing

generalized anxiety disorder

A new measure of depression has a negative correlation with a new measure of happiness. It is likely that the new measure of depression has ______

good criterion validity

John took an assessment of depression and got a high score. Later on that month he checked into a hospital for suicidal thoughts. The assessment he took likely has _________

good predictive validity

A test publisher describes a psychological test as having extremely high predictive validity. This means the test

has the ability to forecast particular outcomes

Evidence suggests that levels of comorbidity of psychological disorders are currently ________

high

Ryan is being treated for anxiety about flying, and his doctor asks him to imagine being on an airplane. This method of treatment is called ______

imaginal exposure

One trait that may underlie bipolar disorder and substance abuse is _____

impulsivity

Compared with unstructured interviews, structured interviews have several advantages including

increased reliability

DSM-5 encourages clinicians to do all of the following except:

indicate likely biological bases for the disorder

After an interview, a psychiatrist rates Jim's depression as severe. The next day a clinical psychologist also conducts an interview and rates Jim's depression as severe. The two clinicians are demonstrating

interrater agreement

The great advantage of the electroencephalogram (EEG) is that it

is the only measure that directly assesses electrical activity in the brain

The most common psychiatric disorder in the United States is ________

major depressive disorder

Comparing a person's score on a psychological test to the average scores obtained on that test from a large representative sample of people is a

normative comparison

Heart palpitations (pounding heart or accelerated heart rate), sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, choking, chest pain, nausea, and dizziness are

physiological symptoms of panic attack

The three elements of anxiety and fear are

physiology, cognition, and behavior

Although intelligence tests are controversial, they are useful in assessing

prediction of academic success

Sergio served in Iraq and fought in several difficult battles. Now whenever he hears a car backfire, he jumps out of his chair thinking that he is under attack. Sergio is showing a classic symptom of PTSD called

re-experiencing

Interrater agreement is a measure of ________

reliability

Sally suffers from an eating disorder. The psychologist asked her to keep a diary and record what she eats, when she eats something, where she is when she eats, and what she is feeling right before, during, and after she eats. This is called

self-monitoring

A new assessment of anxiety is really good at identifying if someone has anxiety, but very poor at concluding if someone does not have anxiety. This assessment can be described as having good ____ and poor ____

sensitivity; specificity

Parents go to a clinical psychologist asking about their child who seems to worry all the time about being hurt. He refuses to go to school and won't sleep alone. On the way to school, he often develops stomachaches or headaches. The clinical psychologist suggests that the child be evaluated for

separation anxiety disorder

Stuart has never had a romantic partner. When he talks with his therapist, he says that he is afraid to ask anyone out because he becomes extremely anxious about initiating and maintaining conversations. He is likely to have

social anxiety disorder

A normal source of anxiety for a 1- to 2-year-old child is

strangers

Selection of assessment tools is largely determined by the patient's symptoms, age, and medical status. One other factor may be the

therapist's theoretical perspective

Diagnosis is important to physicians and psychologists because it facilitates

understanding of a person's psychological status, communication across clinicians and researchers, and treatment planning

The American Psychological Association Code of Ethics requires that psychologists ___________________

use tests with good reliability and validity

Sally was extremely apprehensive about her meeting next week with her boss to discuss her annual performance review although she had been doing well at work. She was experiencing excessive

worry