Abnormal Psychology Chapter 16, Abnormal Psychology Chapter 9, Abnormal Psychology Chapter 15, Abnormal Psychology Chapter 14, Abnormal Psychology Chapter 12, Abnormal Psychology Chapter 6

As a likely consequence of its relationship to the availability of light, the disorder featured in the video case is far less common in parts of the world are close to __________.

the Equator

Victoria suffers from amenorrhea, which is:

the absence of a menstrual cycle.

Jean is an 80-year-old, African American woman who has begun to develop increasing health problems. She is more likely to live _____ than her white American counterpart.

with her adult children

What is the relationship between age and anxiety in the elderly?

As age increases, the rate of anxiety disorders increases.

The case in this video centers on which issue?

Convicted murderers cannot be executed if they are not psychologically competent at the time of their execution.

The atypical antipsychotics bind to the _____ receptors.

D-1, D-2, and D-4

Atypical antipsychotic drugs are received at fewer dopamine D-2 receptors and more _____receptors than the others.

D-1, D-4, and serotonin

Which statement BEST reflects why depression is tied to mortality in the elderly?

Depression in old age is related to a decline in physical health

Chandra has been arrested for murdering her boyfriend. Before the trial, her attorney provides the court with evidence that Chandra is mentally ill and is suffering from severe depression and anxiety. He claims that her actions were the product of her mental disease. Chandra's lawyer is attempting to plead that she is insane under the:

Durham test.

Studies in the 1950s revealed that there was a fatality rate of about _____percent associated with lobotomies.

1.5 to 6

The prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder is the same, roughly _____ percent.

10

Untreated psychological disorders are collectively among the _____ leading categories of work-related disorders and injuries.

10

Of 100 typical elderly patients entering a hospital for a general medical condition, about how many would initially be diagnosed with delirium, and about how many more would develop delirium while in the hospital (in that order)?

10 percent; 10 percent

Suicide is a very real issue for the elderly. The national suicide rate in the United States for elderly people is more than _____ per 100,000.

16

Research suggests that individuals who suffer from depression often have an abnormal 5-HTT gene, located on chromosome:

17

About _____ of the population has a binge-eating disorder.

2 and 7 percent

Suppes et al. (1991) found that the risk of relapse in bipolar patients is _____ times greater if they stop taking a mood stabilizer.

28

Postpartum depression typically begins within _____ weeks after the birth of a child.

4

More than _____percent of persons who are recovering from schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders live with their families.

50

According to the textbook, what percentage of depressed people improve when taking antidepressant drugs?

60-65%

If one identical twin suffers from anorexia nervosa, the other twin will develop this disorder in as many as _____ percent of cases. On the other hand, the concordance rate for fraternal twins is around 20 percent.

70

_____ disorder is a developmental disorder marked by extreme unresponsiveness to others, severe communication deficits, and highly repetitive and rigid behaviors, interests, and activities.

Autism spectrum

Which of these is NOT among the explanations clinical theorists offer to explain why the elderly benefit from engaging in social networking online?

Social networking gives them opportunities to date.

An elderly woman who has an episode of delirium is treated for an underlying infection that preceded her disorientation. What can one expect will happen next?

The delirium will resolve and her attention and orientation will return to normal.

Dr. Fox's approach to therapy is to help clients accept their negative thoughts for what they are so that they can better work around the thoughts as they navigate their way through life. The type of therapy that Dr. Fox practices is:

acceptance and commitment.

Xavier engages in repeated eating binges during which he feels no control over his eating. He does not perform compensatory behaviors, and as a result of his frequent binges, he has become obese. Xavier MOST likely suffers from:

binge-eating disorder.

Both Amanda and Becca have eating disorders. Both girls tend to eat rapidly, eat large amounts without physical hunger, and eat alone because of embarrassment. Amanda follows her eating binges by inducing vomiting, whereas Becca does not. Amanda MOST likely suffers from _____, whereas Becca MOST likely suffers from _____.

binge-purge syndrome; binge-eating disorder

John experiences full manic and depressive episodes. He would MOST likely be diagnosed with:

bipolar I disorder.

Sita experiences full manic and depressive episodes. She would MOST likely be diagnosed with:

bipolar I disorder.

Tevin experiences mild manic episodes that alternate with major depressive episodes over the course of time. He would MOST likely be diagnosed with:

bipolar II disorder

Elsie has been hallucinating and suffering from delusions. In addition to schizophrenia, she could also be suffering from:

bipolar disorder

Shirley suffers from alternating or intermixed periods of extreme mania and extreme depression known as:

bipolar disorder.

The _____ explanation suggests that women in European and North American culture are taught to seek a low body weight and slender body shape.

body dissatisfaction

Which feeling/emotion is MOST likely to trigger the consumption of junk food?

boredom

Dr. Jamison studies major neurocognitive disorders. Based on the available evidence about the causes of these conditions, he is MOST likely interested in learning more about _____.

brain abnormalities

Which eating disorder is MOST likely to be helped by the prescription of antidepressant medications?

bulimia nervosa

Given the similarities of the conditions, treatment for binge-eating disorder is MOST similar to treatment for:

bulimia nervosa.

Ryell is being bullied in school. How is he MOST likely to respond?

by having feelings of humiliation, anxiety, or dislike for school

Andrew, who has bipolar disorder, has been taking lithium to treat his illness. Despite its effectiveness and limited side effects, he often stops taking his medication when he feels better. His psychiatrist decides to change his treatment approach. Which of these statements reflects the BEST treatment approach to reduce Andrew's ongoing problems?

add individual, group, or family therapy as an adjunct

Which is NOT an immediate aim in the treatment of anorexia nervosa?

address the psychological factors that maintain the problem

Dr. Lowey uses individual, group, and family therapy along with mood stabilizing drugs to treat her patients with bipolar disorder. This is known as _____ psychotherapy.

adjunctive

One of the reasons for the current concern about anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is because of its prevalence among:

adolescent girls and young women.

According to the text, which issue is among the most damaging in the workplace?

alcohol abuse and substance-related issues

Kurt has a problem with his emotions. He seems unaware of them, and cannot describe or label them easily. Those around him think that he is devoid of emotion. Kurt MOST likely struggles with:

alexithymia.

An individual has just been diagnosed with mild neurocognitive disorder. One knows for sure that the person:

can still function independently.

Young newlywed Deanna has struggled with anorexia nervosa for more than a year. Her husband thinks that if Deanna becomes pregnant, she will have to eat more. However, Deanna cannot become pregnant because her menstrual cycles have stopped. This condition is known as:

amenorrhea.

Larry was a self-sufficient, good student prior to his first episode of schizophrenia that occurred suddenly when he was 19 years old. Similarly, Kahn was well-liked, performed well in school, and was self-sufficient before he developed schizophrenia when he was 18 years old. However, unlike Larry, Kahn's disorder appeared gradually. Both teens received early treatment. According to statistics, Larry would be MORE likely to have a fuller recovery than Kahn because Larry had:

an abrupt onset

Iris has been taking Thorazine for several years. She has never really responded well to it, so she still struggles with her symptoms. Her doctor is MOST likely to try _____instead of Thorazine.

an atypical antipsychotic

Derrick has been struggling with alcoholism for years. Until 2 months ago, he could function at work. However, lately, he has spiraled downwards and sometimes cannot even make it into work. According to statistics, which work-related issue is Derrick MOST likely to experience?

an industrial accident

Which is typically NOT a factor in childhood depression?

angst, hormonal and bodily changes, mood changes, and complex relationships

Othello has very low energy, and has stopped painting, sculpting, and spending time with friends. He seems to be unable to experience any pleasure at all. This is known as:

anhedonia

Maria has very little energy or interest in the world. She has stopped cooking, gardening, and spending time with friends. She is unable to experience any pleasure at all. This is MOST likely a symptom of:

anhedonia.

Zeekal has recently been hospitalized. She is severely underweight, her body temperature is low, her heart rate is below normal, and her feet are swollen. All of Zeekal's physiological symptoms could be associated with:

anorexia nervosa.

The most effective form of treatment for schizophrenia is ______, which, according to the textbook, reduces symptoms of schizophrenia for many individuals who use it. Currently, it is often used in combination with other treatment techniques.

antipsychotic drug therapy

_____ is, to a degree, normal in childhood.

anxiety

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders refer to disorders that:

are similar to schizophrenia

Toby is 7 years of age. His parents have been going through a confrontational divorce. He has been wetting his bed at night. Despite being punished for this behavior he continues to do this on most nights. He is very embarrassed by the situation but cannot seem to stop. Toby is likely to be diagnosed with _____.

enuresis

According to the video and textbook, research finds that each of the following treatments are effective in cases of depression, except:

exposure and response prevention

A cognitive explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia suggests that individuals try to make sense of hallucinations and conclude incorrectly that the source is _____. The misinterpretations of their origin are essentially the delusions that they suffer.

external

Which class of side effects, often produced by conventional antipsychotic drugs, includes severe shaking, bizarre-looking grimaces, twisting of the body, and extreme restlessness?

extrapyramidal effects

Veronica suffers from bulimia nervosa. Before a binge episode, Veronica MOST likely feels a sense of:

great tension

Although purging after bingeing relieves the immediate sensation of fullness, it also affects one's ability to feel satiated. This often causes:

greater hunger and more frequent intense binges.

In addition to delusions, the man in the video case also displays each of the following symptoms of schizophrenia, except:

hallucinations

According to the textbook, the man in the video case is more likely than other people to _______.

have large brain ventricles

Kari did not experience any particular stressors, yet she developed depression. The fact that she seems to be responding to _____ is known as endogenous depression.

internal forces

Dr. Lee's approach to therapy is to help clients develop the social supports and skills needed when they go through a role transition brought on by a major life change such as divorce. Dr. Lee is practicing _____ therapy.

interpersonal

The Protection and Advocacy for Mentally Ill Individuals Act in 1986 allowed for public advocates for patients to:

investigate possible abuse and neglect and correct those problems legally.

A woman walked in on her husband in bed with her best friend and shot and killed both of them in a "fit of passion." The woman may be eligible for an insanity defense under the _____.

irresistible impulse test

Nicholas is a psychologist who also has training in criminology. He markets himself to criminal defense attorneys as a jury selection specialist, and claims that he can help them select jury members who will be more likely to return a favorable verdict for their clients. The research into such jury specialists suggests that:

it is unclear whether the judgment of either a clinician or an attorney is particularly accurate in selecting jurors.

Britta was recently diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, and is now seeing a therapist. As the therapist conducts his initial assessment, he notices that Britta has developed _____, a fine, silky hair covering her face and arms.

lanugo

Leon was in a car accident and suffered damage to his _____ hypothalamus. Damage to this area has caused a decrease in his food intake.

lateral

The most effective current treatment for this disorder is ___________, which was demonstrated in the video.

light therapy

Challenge this Question Carlton suffers from schizophrenia and is currently institutionalized. He is aggressive and hostile toward his doctor and other patients. His delusions and hallucinations are so strong that he is restrained most of the time. If the year were 1942, which treatment option would MOST likely be used?

lobotomy

Priscilla has had major depressive episodes, and currently presents with depression, but she has no history of mania or hypomania. According to DSM-5, Priscilla's MOST likely diagnosis is:

major depressive disorder.

Beyonce is walking down the hallway when she sees one of her professors. She smiles and waves at him; however, he does not wave in response. As a result Beyonce begins to think that her professor does not like her. Cognitive theory suggests that Beyonce's response is the result of her:

making an arbitrary assumption

Juanita, who is 79 years old and has major neurocognitive disorder, lives in a long-term care facility where the rooms are brightly colored and there are interactive mobiles hanging from the ceiling for her to touch. Her facility is specially designed to meet her _____ needs by providing stimulation.

cognitive and emotional

Alice's therapist is working with her to discover and reduce the physical arousal that accompanies her hallucinations. Alice's therapist is MOST likely using _____therapy.

cognitive-behavioral

Frank is observing a therapy session with a client with schizophrenia. During the session, Frank hears the client say, "It's not a real voice; it's my illness." Later, Frank also hears him say, "This voice comes from my brain, not from a real person." Frank concludes that this client has been experiencing _____therapy.

cognitive-behavioral

Manny's therapist has worked with him to recognize his independence and to more appropriately exercise control. Manny's therapist is MOST likely using a:

cognitive-behavioral approach.

Sigmund Freud proposed that when parents have been _____, or when individuals have experienced severe traumas, some people regress to the earliest point in their development in which they recognize and meet only their own needs.

cold and unnurturing

The symptoms of _____, a mild form of bipolar disorder, continue for 2 or more years, interrupted occasionally by normal moods that may last for only days or weeks.

cyclothymic disorder

Gina has just developed postpartum psychosis. She MOST likely gave birth just _____ ago, or at most a few months ago.

days

As people age, the incidence of alcohol abuse and other forms of substance abuse:

decreases

Martin is 90 and has a disorder of cognition. He MOST likely has been diagnosed with _____.

delirium

An 80-year-old hospitalized individual is recovering from surgery but now has gotten an infection. Over the course of a few days, the person shows increasing confusion, and consistently misinterprets what others are trying to communicate. The MOST probable diagnosis for this condition would be:

delirium.

Frankie's mother periodically wakes him during the night to go to the bathroom. Every time Frankie successfully goes through the night without wetting his bed, he receives a reward. What behavioral technique is Frankie using?

dry-bed training

Unlike enuresis, encopresis rarely occurs _____.

during sleep

Cameron engages in a peculiar communication pattern. He repeats the exact phrases using the same words and the same accent or inflection of others around him without appearing to understand what is being said, nor does it appear his intention is to communicate. Cameron is displaying:

echolalia.

Gigi has always had a disturbed relationship with her mother. As a result, she never developed an adequate sense of control and independence, which are examples of:

ego deficiencies.

Hannah has never really gotten along with her mother. This may be one reason that she has never developed an adequate sense of control and independence. According to Hilde Bruch, this would be an example of:

ego deficiencies.

Feelings of emptiness, humiliation, and agitation are associated with the _____ symptoms of unipolar depression.

emotional

Programs made available by employers to provide services for their employees' moderate mental health problems before they become serious are called _____ programs.

employee assistance

Seven-year-old Mica has experienced frequent constipation in the past. He also was toilet trained through the use of very harsh discipline. Lately, Mica has been defecating in his pants, especially when he is away from home. Mica is very embarrassed and refuses to leave the house. Mica likely has:

encopresis.

Persephone comes from a family in which everyone is overly involved in the lives of the others. Although everyone is affectionate and loyal, they tend to cling to each other. As a teen, she feels that her desire for independence is somehow harming the family's sense of closeness and harmony. Her family displays an _____ family pattern.

enmeshed

Trent will often sit for hours flapping his hands and rocking himself. What type of behavior is Trent displaying?

self-stimulatory

Kevin has experienced extreme depressive symptoms but he has no history of manic symptoms. Kevin is MOST likely suffering from:

unipolar depression

Studies have shown that misuse of medications in U.S. nursing homes occurs MOST often when staff members:

use antipsychotic drugs to control the behaviors of those who don't show psychotic symptoms.

Which is NOT prohibited by the American Psychological Association's guidelines?

using animals as test subjects because they cannot give informed consent

Marshall was in a car accident and suffered damage to his _____ hypothalamus. Damage to this area has caused an increase in his food intake.

ventromedial

When researchers stimulated the _____ during laboratory experimentation, eating behaviors were inhibited.

ventromedial hypothalamus

Which of the following is NOT part of the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder?

visual and auditory hallucinations and delusions

In most cases, antipsychotic drugs produce some improvement within _____ of treatment.

weeks

Jamie is a 60-year-old woman who exercises regularly, eats healthful meals, and engages in stimulating activities with her social support group. Clinical scientists would say that Jamie is taking a _____ approach to her aging process.

wellness promotion

Zuma strives to be perfect. She often thinks she needs to excel in all of the activities she engages in, and believes that she will become a better person if she sacrifices things, including food. Zuma is experiencing _____, which could lead her to develop an eating disorder.

maladaptive attitudes and misconceptions

According to the textbook, auditory hallucinations can also be brought by each of the following, except:

melatonin

The main reason people suffer from this disorder is believed to be abnormal levels of the hormone _________, which is released in the dark and which promotes lethargy in large enough doses.

melatonin

A 65-year-old in otherwise very good health typically will experience occasional:

memory difficulties

Fourteen-year-old Melissa has intellectual development disorder (IDD). Most people, however, don't notice it, although she walks, talks, and feeds herself more slowly than most children. She needs occasional guidance when under unusual social stress or has to make a decision, but normally she can function on her own. She is capable of reading at a sixth-grade level. Her intelligence quotient (IQ) is 67. Melissa has which level of intellectual development disorder?

mild ID

Lee has been feeling sad, anxious, and drinking more than usual following his retirement. His brother Todd has been having some recent challenges with memory, concentration, and thinking. Todd is MOST likely experiencing _____ disorder, which is not among the disorders that are common among all age groups.

mild neurocognitive disorder

An individual with Alzheimer's disease is able to function independently. The MOST appropriate label for this person's condition is:

mild neurocognitive disorder.

Fairhaven Psychiatric Hospital refers to their patients as "residents," and the staff is instructed and trained to treat the residents with respect. Residents are viewed as capable of making their own decisions and have input into the daily schedule and programs offered by the hospital. Fairhaven is employing _____therapy.

milieu

Hector is hospitalized to treat chronic schizophrenia. When he entered a facility, he was treated with respect, and viewed as a person capable of making decisions. He was told that he would have input into his daily schedule and would be part of a therapeutic community. This therapeutic approach is called _____therapy.

milieu

Studies of the oldest old show that compared to those in their 80s and early 90s, the oldest old are usually:

more agile, healthier, and clearheaded.

Both enuresis and encopresis are:

more common in boys.

Sean suffers from schizophrenia, and his family is often hostile and critical with each other. They are also very intrusive and openly share their disapproval of one another's actions. Compared to other people whose families do not have these traits, Sean is:

more likely to relapse

_____ theorists emphasize relationships and propose that depression results when people's relationships leave them feeling unsafe and insecure.

object relations

Hector has a very rigid plan for his food preparation. First, he washes each vegetable thoroughly in water. Then, he slices each vegetable thinly, and divides the slices into four equal amounts. When he eats one portion, he lines each strip up so they are all even. Hector's behavior is not uncommon for a person suffering from anorexia nervosa, because he or she will sometimes display:

obsessive-compulsive patterns.

It is estimated that as many as _____ of all employees in the United States are afflicted with a psychological problem that is serious enough to affect their work.

one-third

Licensed psychologists who provide advice are bound by the American Psychological Association's code of ethics. According to the text, which area of therapy is the hardest to regulate?

online therapy

Vincent, who is in the third grade, suffers from conduct disorder. As part of his treatment, Vincent's parents are being taught better ways to interact with him and to engage in behavior-oriented family therapy. Which therapy are Vincent and his parents engaged in?

parent management training

A therapist is treating Nicolette for an eating disorder. Her managed care program paid for eight sessions with the therapist, and also for her to begin taking an antidepressant. After her eight sessions are completed, Nicolette feels she still needs help. What might she do?

pay for more sessions herself

Henry is having trouble dealing with the stress at work. A clinician who works with his insurance company has recommended that Henry remain eligible for treatment. This is an example of a _____ at work.

peer review system

Marchelo is a licensed psychologist although she does not have a private practice. Instead she works for a managed care program and routinely reviews the program's participants and makes recommendations about mental health interventions. Marchelo is engaged in a(n):

peer review system.

Nathaniel believes his sister is planning to poison him, so he requires her to taste his food before he will eat it. Nathaniel MOST likely has a delusion of:

persecution

Rob believed that people were plotting against him and his family even though there was no evidence that this was true. This is known as a delusion of:

persecution

The man in this video case manifests schizophrenia. The delusions he displays are primarily delusions of ___________.

persecution

Evelyn presents with depressive symptoms that have not remitted for more than a month over the last 2 years. Her symptoms are somewhat debilitating, yet she is still able to handle a few aspects of her life. Her MOST likely diagnosis is:

persistent depressive disorder with dysthymic syndrome

Catarina suffers from bipolar disorder. This year, she experienced three episodes of depression and four episodes of mania. Because of this, her bipolar disorder is considered to be:

rapid cycling

Proponents of cognitive treatments for Alzheimer's disease claims that activities such as performing simple calculations and reading aloud:

rehabilitate parts of the brain linked to memory, reasoning, and judgment.

_____ -type anorexia nervosa involves the systematic removal of certain kinds of foods, leading to a very limited diet.

restricting

Nicholas has moved through the active phase of schizophrenia and appears to be improving. In the residual phase of schizophrenia, he can be expected to:

return to his prodromal functioning

Henry, who just celebrated his seventieth birthday, on average takes five different medications to manage his health conditions. He sometimes forgets he has taken the medications and then overmedicates. Sometimes when he combines his medications he feels confused and disoriented. Which of these is NOT a likely reason he misuses drugs?

He is intentionally abusing drugs.

According to the video, who supports most of the antidepressant drug studies?

Pharmaceutical companies

Which guideline of the American Psychological Association often requires psychotherapists to obtain additional training or supervision, or requires a therapist to refer a client to a more appropriate professional?

Psychologists should acknowledge their limitations.

Chase, who is in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia, is MOST likely to show:

a deterioration of functioning.

Researchers in the computer science department at the University of Texas at Austin found that they could make a computer neural network mimic schizophrenia by programming it to process information at a faster and faster rate while simultaneously ignoring less and less data. This process simulated the effects of:

a dopamine flood

According to the text, the poor coordination of services as well as _____contribute to a lack of treatment among people with schizophrenia and other mental health disorders.

a shortage of servicesf

Dr. Hersh treats her bipolar patients with lithium, a silvery-white mineral, as well as other _____ drugs.

antibipolar

Kelly works in a nursing home where prescription drugs are commonly overused to manage the behavior of the clientele. The MOST likely drugs that are being misused are:

antipsychotics.

According to statistics, if Lisa is a typical therapist, she is MOST likely to have:

been sexually attracted to a client but not had a sexual relationship with a client.

Dr. Wieneke believes that unipolar depression results from loss of rewards in a person's life. He treats his clients by reintroducing pleasurable activities into their lives. Dr. Wieneke is likely a(n) _____ therapist.

behavioral

Grogan is experiencing a full manic episode. He is very active; he has written a 500-page novel and painted six pictures. Which category of symptoms is Grogan experiencing?

behavioral

Issues of patient dangerousness come into play in each of the following kinds of cases, except:

competence to stand trial.

_____ is bullying and humiliating messages sent by email, text messages, and Facebook that result in worry and anxiety.

cyberbullying

Becoming thin is the goal of most people with anorexia nervosa, and _____ is their primary motivation.

fear

Researchers have identified _____ kinds of dopamine receptors throughout the brain.

five

According to the DSM-5, a major depressive episode is marked by at LEAST _____ symptoms of depression and lasts for _____ weeks or more.

five; 2

The clinical practitioners in this video case were confronted by each of the following, except:

inadequate treatment tools.

As age increases, the rate of anxiety disorders _____.

increases

According to Hilde Bruch, a parent who incorrectly feeds a fearful child and comforts a hungry child is:

ineffective.

The video refers to the controversial "Kendra's law," which was passed in 1999 in New York. Under this law, ___________.

judges have the right to force mentally ill people to take psychiatric medication, engage in psychiatric treatment, or both

Monty never drank in his younger years, but since he entered his late 60s, he has begun to drink excessively. His unhealthy drinking patterns are MOST likely in response to:

negative events and the pressures of growing older.

Twisted protein fibers that are found within the cells of the hippocampus and certain brain areas are called _____, and an excess of them may be related to the development of Alzheimer's disease.

neurofibrillary tangles

According to the text, which of the following children is more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD rather than a behavior problem?

nine-year-old Tommy who is European American

Some U.S. men might develop anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa because:

of the requirements relating to one's career.

Dr. Muugi is working with a young girl who appears to be suffering from anxiety. Dr. Muugi has his client draw several pictures and then discusses what is happening in each picture, hoping that while talking his client will reveal any conflict she is dealing with. Dr. Muugi is using _____.

play therapy

Morse is undergoing treatment for anxiety. His therapist uses a variety of techniques including having Morse draw pictures and tell stories to help him deal with his separation issues. What treatment technique is Morse's therapist using?

play therapy

According to the text, frequent vomiting or chronic diarrhea from the use of laxatives can cause a dangerous _____ deficiency.

potassium

When the man in the video case talks a great deal about the painting on the wall, but says little of substance or clarity about it, he is displaying ________.

poverty of speech

Dr. Mason believes that depression and mania are caused by the death of a love object. Some people introject the loss and become depressed, whereas other people deny the loss and become manic. Dr. Mason is MOST likely a _____ theorist.

psychodynamic

According to the text, all of the following have been cited as reasons why therapists seek treatment themselves EXCEPT:

schizophrenia.

Taylor has been diagnosed with ADHD. His physician is likely to prescribe _____ medication to help reduce the symptoms.

stimulant

In the video, Dr. Howard Telson of Bellevue Hospital says that the most important reason psychiatric patients refuse to take medication is ____________.

they do not believe they are mentally ill

Similar to anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa most commonly occurs among:

women.

The field of _____ is dedicated to the mental health of elderly people.

geropsychology

"Grandpa is 88 years old, and there's no sign of neurocognitive disorder," says a friend. The MOST accurate reply is:

"That's wonderful—about half of people that age do have signs of neurocognitive disorder."

A friend says, "My 70-year-old grandmother is in good physical health, but has been diagnosed with depression. Should she even bother getting therapy?" Your BEST research-based answer is:

"Yes, over half of elderly patients show improvement with treatment."

Between _____ percent of all females in Western countries develop anorexia nervosa in their lifetimes.

0.5 and 4.0

People are considered to be in a full manic episode when they display an abnormally high or irritable mood, increased activity or energy, and at least three other symptoms of mania for at LEAST:

1 week

One significant problem regarding drugs and older individuals is the (often unintentional) misuse of prescription drugs. This is not a surprising phenomenon, when one considers that people over the age of 50 are responsible for purchasing _____ percent of all prescription drugs and _____ percent of all over-the-counter drugs in the United States.

77; 61

According to research, approximately 1 in every _____ teens thinks about committing suicide in a given year, and the leading cause of such thoughts and attempts is depression.

8

Studies have suggested that roughly ______ percent of people with mental illness are not violent or dangerous.

90

_____ tends to be underreported in the elderly because certain symptoms, such as heart palpitations and perspiring, tend to be interpreted as a medical condition instead.

Generalized anxiety disorder

Constance, a former manager of a department store, retired at age 65 and is now on a fixed income. She also has developed arthritis and is not as mobile as she used to be. Although she previously used to drink regularly when socializing, she has since stopped drinking. Which reason likely explains why her use of substances has declined?

Her declining health and reduced income may affect the availability and ability to misuse substances.

Leon is an elderly male who resists joining a social networking site. He asks for one compelling reason for why he should socialize online. Which of these answers is the MOST compelling reason supported by research?

It improves cognitive skills such as memory and alertness.

Which of the following is NOT an actual argument used by opponents of forced mental health treatment?

It is feared that mental health professionals may frequently perform unsafe and unwarranted experiments on the patients who are forced into treatment.

Which of the following statements regarding bipolar disorder diagnosed in childhood is FALSE?

It will resolve itself prior to adulthood.

"I'm sorry I did it. I did not know it was wrong." This comment is MOST consistent with the:

M'Naghten rule.

Who is MOST likely to suffer from depression?

Jolene, a slightly overweight 16-year-old female

Jonah is almost 3 years of age. His parents have had some success getting him to go "pee-pee" and "poopy" on the potty when he is awake, but he has not yet learned to recognize his bladder signals when he is asleep and frequently wakes up with a wet diaper and wet sheets. Which of the following diagnoses is the BEST case for Jonah?

Jonah's nighttime bedwetting is perfectly normal for a boy his age and there is no need to diagnose him with an elimination disorder.

What new data did Dr. Kirsch review that raised questions about the efficacy of antidepressant drugs?

Studies whose findings regarding antidepressant medications had not been published in journals previously

_____is a type of extrapyramidal effect that is a late-appearing movement disorder. This may involve involuntary writhing or ticlike movements of the tongue, mouth, face, or the whole body, as well as involuntary chewing, sucking, and lip smacking.

Tardive dyskinesia

According to the text, as of 2015, which was the MOST definitive conclusion that one could draw about cybertherapy?

There are not enough controlled studies to fully assess the impact of cybertherapy.

Which is NOT a typical concern expressed by psychologists regarding cybertherapy?

There is a lack of demand for online therapies.

Which statement regarding people with anorexia nervosa is FALSE?

They generally spend little time thinking about food.

The _____ was the first organization to approve of psychologists prescribing psychotropic medications.

United States Department of Defense (DOD)

Vera and Wendy both suffer from eating disorders. Vera has anorexia nervosa while Wendy has bulimia nervosa. Who is MOST likely to be helped by cognitive-behavioral therapy?

Wendy

Leslie is a college student who studies and works hard to achieve academic success. Generally she is a straight A student; however she recently received a "C" on a test in one of her classes. Leslie was sick when she took the test, which more than likely contributed to her low grade. However, she began to experiencing symptoms of depression. Behavioral theory would suggest that Leslie's response was caused by:

a failure to earn social reinforcement associated with an "A".

Cyan's responsiveness to her environment is very rigid. Change is something that she does not take very well, often becoming upset when the chair is moved from one place to another in a room or when a change is needed to take place in her routine. Cyan's behavior illustrates:

a preservation of sameness.

Twenty-year-old David has always had problems focusing on his academic and work tasks. He finds he cannot keep his attention on reading assignments or when he has to write a paper. David also has the tendency to be a bit impulsive and to talk incessantly. David is likely to be diagnosed with adult _____.

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Eight-year-old Jimmy is having problems at home and at school. He cannot seem to pay attention to the teacher's instructions, sit still to do his work, and cannot seem to finish his assignments. At home he has problems running about or climbing excessively in situations in which it is inappropriate; he doesn't listen to his parents, and talks excessively. Jimmy is likely to be diagnosed with:

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Twenty-five-year-old Marcus has always had problems focusing on his work assignments. He has a tendency to jump from one project to another and never seems to be able to complete even the basic tasks needed for him to do his job effectively. This has caused him to have trouble keeping a job. Marcus also has the tendency to be a bit impulsive and to talk incessantly. Marcus is likely to be diagnosed with adult:

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Lou and Salvador are both diagnosed schizophrenics. Lou's clinical presentation includes more positive symptoms, a combination of hallucinations and delusions. Salvador's clinical presentation include more negative symptoms. Salvador would MOST likely be treated with a(n) _____antipsychotic.

atypical

In the video case, Anne describes her ______ hallucinations, which are the single most common form of hallucination associated with schizophrenia.

auditory

_____ hallucinations are the most common hallucinations experienced in schizophrenia.

auditory

Javier is unresponsive to most social stimuli. He rarely smiles, talks, or makes eye contact with others. He seems indifferent to everyone, including his parents. He engages in solitary, ritualistic behaviors such as constantly flapping his hands. He sometimes goes into sudden tantrums or panics. He also insists on the same familiar food each day. Javier's disorder is MOST likely:

autism spectrum disorder.

Alfie has Type II schizophrenia and his clinician is trying to predict the course of his disorder. His clinician can expect that Alfie's condition will:

be dominated by negative symptoms.

Dr. Blue believes that people with schizophrenia take a "rational path to madness." According to the text, she is MOST likely a _____ theorist.

cognitive

Dr. Goldman believes that the strange and unreal sensations that occur in schizophrenia are triggered by biological factors. When her patients attempt to understand their symptoms, additional features of it emerge, leading them to manifest a bias in interpretation by jumping to conclusions. Dr. Goldman is MOST aligned with a _____ view of schizophrenia.

cognitive

Dr. Whitehorse, an abnormal psychology professor, explains that he believes that the symptoms of schizophrenia take shape when individuals try to make sense of hallucinations and conclude incorrectly that the source is external. Dr. Whitehorse is providing a _____explanation of the symptoms of schizophrenia.

cognitive

In treating her depressed clients, Dr. Tokarz tries to change the maladaptive attitudes that set the stage of depression in the first place by challenging her clients to test their attitudes. Dr. Tokarz is a _____therapist.

cognitive

The leading psychological theories of schizophrenia come from the psychodynamic and _____ perspectives.

cognitive

When treating his depressed clients, Dr. Tisdale educates his clients about their negative automatic thoughts, has them record their automatic thoughts, and helps the clients test the reality behind those thoughts. Dr. Tisdale is using a _____ approach.

cognitive

A diagnosis of _____ disorder in children is very similar to a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder in an adult.

conduct

Terry believed that her thoughts were implanted by U.S. government spies through the use of satellites. This is known as a delusion of:

control

Hassam is a psychologist. He wants to accept Shanara as a client. Last year they had a sexual relationship. According to the American Psychological Association's code of ethics guidelines, Hassam:

could not see Shanara as a patient.

Vernon suffers from conduct disorder. The primary type of behavior that he demonstrates as part of his illness is breaking rules in a way that flies "under the radar." He enjoys doing things that violate social standards but also likes knowing that nobody knows he is doing them. He doesn't really get into things like vandalism, fire-setting, or breaking into cars, but is more likely to sneak out of his house after curfew, skip school, or lie about where he is going or where he has been. Which type of conduct disorder is Vernon demonstrating?

covert-nondestructive

Kay has been having progressive memory problems that have worsened over the years, including forgetting the names of family members. She has been becoming more and more confused, losing her way home when she takes morning walks. These challenges would have been referred to as _____ in the past, the term previously used to describe _____.

dementia; neurocognitive disorder

Biological research has suggested that malfunction with the transportation of ions in and out of the neurons may result in the neuron firing too slowly. This may be a cause of:

depression

Dr. Keith is trying to figure out what underlying issue could be causing delirium in his elderly patient. Which of the following can he rule out?

depression

Earline is 68 and has a mental disorder that is common at all ages, but her condition is linked to her recent retirement, the loss of her social status, and her declining health. Earline MOST likely has _____.

depression

Aliyah is a psychologist treating another therapist. Aliyah is MOST likely to exhibit:

depression or anxiety.

Dr. Djorky is treating another therapist for a disorder. According to statistics, the therapist who Dr. Djorky is treating is MOST likely to exhibit:

depression or anxiety.

Social networking, texting, and the Internet have become a convenient place for those with psychological issues to do all of the following EXCEPT:

develop estranged relationships.

Which is associated with a fuller recovery from schizophrenia?

development of schizophrenia during middle age

Amber, who is 43 years old, shows many of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and at the same time appears profoundly depressed. Amber's psychiatrist believes that Amber inherited a biological predisposition to these conditions and they were brought on by her recent trauma. This interpretation suggests that the psychiatrist espouses a _____ perspective.

diathesis-stress

According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), in at least 1 of the 6 months required for a diagnosis of schizophrenia, the person must be in an active phase, which is marked by significant delusions, hallucinations, or:

disorganized speech

Monica, age 12, displays a number of different symptoms. She is very aggressive, and often "flies off the handle" at the simplest things. She is confrontational and angry. If Monica was evaluated, her diagnosis is MOST likely going to be:

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.

Dr. Jokocha gave Ken a phenothiazine to reduce his hallucinations, but the doctor then realized that the medication caused muscular tremors similar to Parkinson's disease. Dr. Jokocha concluded that Ken's psychosis was related to excessive:

dopamine

George was 19 years old when he was diagnosed with schizophrenia. He was in his first year at a university majoring in biology at the time, but now at age 25, he lives with his parents and receives Social Security Disability income. This would be an example of the downward _____ theory.

drift

Tisha is receiving treatment for a childhood anxiety disorder. In addition to psychotherapy, how else might Tisha be helped?

drug therapy

Insurance companies prefer short-term mental health services. By default, this favors:

drug treatment over talk therapies

When asked to show his expressions for happy, sad, and angry, the clinician could discern only minimal differences in Hank's emotions. This can BEST be described as:

flat affect.

People with anorexia nervosa are often preoccupied with _____, and this preoccupation is often the _____ of their food deprivation.

food; result

A recent national mental health survey of psychotherapists found that more than three-quarters of them reported seeking therapy themselves at least once. According to the text, these psychotherapists MOST likely seek therapy:

for the same problems that affect other people.

Elaine has episodes of mania that alternate with episodes of depression. These episodes occur regularly. To be considered a rapid cycler, Elaine needs to have _____ episodes of mania within a year.

four

Declining health, loss of friends or spouses, loss of financial resources, and other changes likely contribute to which common anxiety disorder in those over age 65?

generalized anxiety disorder

Mr. Knowles recently had a lot of life changes that has made him increasingly nervous and upset. He also has begun to develop heart palpitations in response to these changes. Despite his recent development of heart palpitations, 70-year-old Mr. Knowles does not tell his therapist, but instead goes to see his primary care doctor. This is because symptoms of _____ are often interpreted as a medical condition in the elderly.

generalized anxiety disorder

Charles has been diagnosed with unipolar depression. Which of his relatives would have the GREATEST likelihood of also developing unipolar depression?

his fraternal brother

Dr. Walker has selected a therapy to help her treat depression in her severely depressed elderly patients. Based on the evidence for therapeutic effectiveness, which therapy is she unlikely to include in her treatment plan?

humanistic

As a baby, Jackson had very _____ parents. They fed him when he was upset and not hungry, and changed him even when he was not wet.

ineffective

Stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus:

inhibits eating behaviors.

Alcohol use disorder in elderly people is treated:

much the same as it is treated in younger adults.

Conner is being dropped off for his first day of kindergarten. Although he seemed excited to go to school, when the moment arrived for him to actually get out of his mother's car he became very upset and cried, refusing to exit the vehicle and clinging to his mother when she lifts him out. Conner's reaction is _____.

normal

Lucinda has been struggling with depression for several years. Although she has been able to hold a job, she spends most of her time alone because she finds it difficult to maintain relationships. She feels relationships are insecure and leave her vulnerable. In fact, she rarely speaks to her own parents for this same reason. Which perspective would examine Lucinda's relationships as the foundation of her depression?

object relations

Nabil is a real pain in his teacher's neck. He doesn't seem to be willing to follow any rules, he constantly argues with even the most basic instruction, and he can be counted on to constantly do the exact opposite of what is requested of him. When he makes mistakes he is quick to blame others, and he seems overly hostile and aggressive. Nabil may suffer from:

oppositional defiant disorder.

Alissa has anorexia nervosa. Her doctor gives her a picture of a female body and has asked her to adjust it to look more like herself. Alissa will most certainly _____ her body size.

overestimate

As part of a research study, Jordan is allowed to take a picture of herself with a camera that has an adjustable lens. She is asked to adjust the lens until the picture corresponds to her mental picture of herself. If Jordan suffers from anorexia nervosa, she is MOST likely to:

overestimate her body size.

Tristen suffers from conduct disorder. He is openly aggressive towards others, frequently engaging in physical fights with others. He displays no respect for authority and will be confrontational with anyone he meets. Tristen is displaying which type of conduct disorder?

overt-destructive

Tajaun suffers from conduct disorder. The primary type of behavior that he displays is excessive lying. Even when confronted with the truth he will still fabricate stories and/or deny that he is being untruthful. Which type of conduct disorder is Tajaun displaying?

overt-nondestructive

Chester is currently incarcerated in prison. For most of his adult life, he has been in trouble with the law, and has been arrested several times for various crimes since he was 18 years old. Chester has been evaluated by a psychologist and has been diagnosed with a mental illness. According to the statistics, Chester is MOST likely to be diagnosed with a _____ disorder.

personality

The pattern of depression that Alan exhibits in the video is known as __________.

seasonal affective disorder

_____ induce chemical changes within a neuron just after the neuron receives a neurotransmitter message and just before it responds.

second messengers

Sara has intense problems with leaving her house. She often refuses to do so, and in cases when she will go out she simply must be by her mother's side at all times. This goes as far as requiring her mother to be in physical contact with her (e.g., holding hands, clinging to her mother's clothing) whenever they go shopping. Sara also refuses to go to a friend's house for a play date unless her mother stays the whole time and is never more than one room away. Sara may be diagnosed with:

separation anxiety disorder.

Willow suffers from bulimia nervosa. After a binge episode, she tends to feel a sense of:

shame

A _____is a supervised workplace for people who are not yet ready for competitive jobs.

sheltered workshop

Marty just celebrated his seventieth birthday. Despite being in good health and mentally astute, his greatest fear is _____, a well-publicized condition associated with the elderly.

significant cognitive decline

Rory is a 5-year-old who is displaying symptoms of a depressive disorder. Given his age, he does not have the cognitive skills necessary to hold expectations of the future, a component needed to explain depression. What else, however, might be contributing to his issues?

significant life situations or biological predisposition

According to DSM-5, a diagnosis of schizophrenia may be made if the symptoms have persisted for ______.

six months

Lucious, who is 70 years old, got over his intimidation with using the Internet and joined a couple of social networking Web sites. Within a few months, he had many followers on Twitter and regularly engaged with family and friends on Facebook. Since becoming active on the Internet, he has become more mentally alert, his memory has improved, and he reports feeling less socially isolated and generally happier. Clinical theorists would attribute his newfound experience to all of these EXCEPT:

social networking has given him opportunities to date.

In 2015, U.S. government funding covered about _____ of mental health issues.

two-thirds

Bill advocates for people with schizophrenia. He explains that in order for them to adjust to life outside of institutions, therapists and social workers need to work with clients on problem solving, decision making, and social skills; make sure that the clients are taking their medications properly; and even help them find work, financial assistance, appropriate health care, and proper housing. Bill is explaining the importance of _____therapy.

social therapy

Kent has stopped socializing with his friends, and has instead begun to spend more time alone, preoccupied with his beliefs about working as a spy for the government. As a result, he is no longer able to recognize other people's needs and emotions accurately. Kent is showing the negative symptom of:

social withdrawal

Kovanie is currently in treatment for conduct disorder. Due to his behavior, however, he has been removed from his parental home and placed into foster care designed to address his behavioral and emotional issues. Kovanie's foster parents, his biological parents, and he all receive support, training, and intervention. Kovanie's treatment is one of the _____ approaches.

sociocultural

One difference between employee assistance programs and stress-reduction and problem-solving seminars is:

stress-reduction and problem-solving seminars are often required by an employer, while employee assistance programs are optional.

Krista just found out that she failed her English class. Her friends are worried about her because Krista is treating the failure like the death of a loved one. Sigmund Freud would consider this an example of _____ loss.

symbolic

According to the cognitive perspective, the symptoms of schizophrenia:

take shape when individuals try to make sense of hallucinations and conclude incorrectly that the source is external; the misinterpretations of their origin are essentially delusions.

In 2013, teenagers were MOST likely to _____ to communicate with friends when they were not talking face-to-face with them.

text

Dr. Zemble is a licensed psychologist who conducts therapy online. Even though Dr. Zemble does not practice in a conventional setting, he must be aware of and adhere to:

the ethical guidelines provided by the American Psychological Association.

The man in this video had a right to resist medication treatment on the basis of ____________.

the right to refuse treatment

Eight-year-old Marcie has autism spectrum disorder. She has no ability to take the perspectives of others or to understand the behavioral intentions of others. Marcie has great difficulty taking part in make-believe play, using language in ways that include the perspectives of others, developing relationships, or participating in human interactions. These problems come from the absence to perform the cognitive ability called:

theory of mind.

Selma has tried several forms of treatment for her unipolar depression but continues to suffer from severe symptoms. Her psychiatrist has decided to use a procedure where she sits under a helmet containing an electromagnetic coil that sends currents into and stimulates her brain. This procedure is called:

transcranial magnetic stimulation

A _____was developed by Walter Freeman as a treatment for various diagnosed mental illnesses.

transorbital lobotomy

You are watching a film of Walter Freeman performing a surgery on a patient who is diagnosed with schizophrenia. The surgeon inserts what looks like an ice pick into the orbital bone, and then Dr. Freeman takes a hammer and hits this instrument through the bone and moves it until he breaks the bone and them proceeds to move the instrument into the brain and move it in a circular motion. The procedure you were observing is a:

transorbital lobotomy