Abnormal Psychology Chapter 4
Which is an example of meta-worry?
worrying about worrying
Obsessive-compulsive disorder usually begins by
young childhood
A person is being treated for a social anxiety disorder. A therapist watches the person act out a social scene, points out what she did well. which behavioral techniques did the therapist NOT use?
Modeling
A phobic person is taught to imagine the fear items as part of desensitization training. This is an example of the technique
Modeling
Davon watched his father recoil from a snake in fear. Now he is afraid of snakes. This apparent acquisition of fear of snakes is an example of:
Modeling
Harry is terrified of the snakes that his 8-year-old son brings home. During his therapy, his therapist demonstrated how to handle them. This is a form of therapy based on:
Modeling
If a person were afraid of dogs and his therapist treated him by interacting with dogs while the client watched, he would be receiving treatment in the form of
Modeling
According to Freud, children who are punished or threatened for expressing their impulses may develop
Moral anxiety
Which statement is NOT usually true of those with body Dysmorphic disorder
Most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered "normal" for a teenager
According to Freud, Children who are prevented from expressing id impulses, Making mud pies, playing war, and exploring their genitals, are at risk for developing
Neurotic anxiety
A person says, "I'll try to see only the positive side od things, them everything will be OK" from a cognitive perspective, this person is obsessive thoughts
Neutralizing
Antidepressant drugs are frequently effective in treating panic attacks. the disorder is related to levels of the neurotransmitter
Norepinephrine
Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to such objects as spiders and the dark than they do to such objects as computers and radios. This observation supports the idea of:
Preparedness
Which is NOT a biological treatment for generalized anxiety?
Rational emotive therapy
If a therapist gave a client homework that required the client to challenge his faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using:
Rational-emotive therapy
The therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis is called
Rational-emotive therapy
If the idea of "preparedness" is accurate, then:
some phobias should be acquired more easily than others.
What percentage of people become irritated if they must depart from their routines
40%
A person wonders whether to try relaxation training or biofeedback to reduce anxiety. Based on present research, the BEST answer is:
"Try either one; each to have a modest effect"
A person asks, "What's the MOST effective treatment for social anxiety disorder?" The BEST research-based answer is:
"the best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast, and longer, than the best drug therapy."
women are as likely as men to experience panic disorder
2.4
The proportion of panic-attack suffers who are helped at least somewhat by antidepressants drugs is about
80%
Leila always feels threatened and anxious—imagining something awful is about to happen. But she is able to work and care for her family, although not as well as she would like. Leila is probably experiencing:
A Generalized anxiety Disorder
What is the primary difference between a common fear and a phobia?
A phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the object
Which behavior patter is NOT listed in the DSM-5 as a obsessive-compulsive-related disorder
Agoraphobia
A woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently she has started experiencing extreme, sudden fear every time she enters a crowded street. Most likely, this woman would be diagnosed with:
Agoraphobia and panic disorder
The MOST common mental disorder in the United States are:
Anxiety Disorder
Which statement id MOST accurate?
Anxiety is related to low levels of GABA
Luis and Ted both get racing hearts once in a while. When it happens to Ted, he panics and thinks he is going to die. Gradually, he has developed panic attacks if he even thinks that his heart is beating strongly. When Luis's heart starts beating strongly, he looks to his current activity to understand what is producing the sensations (hard work). Ted apparently has a high degree of:
Anxiety sensitivity
Those who are anxious unless their books are perfectly lined up on their desks and who must eat the food on their plates in a balanced order are exhibiting a:
Balance
Maura believes that it is a dire necessity for her to be loved or approved by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not the way she wants them. she is displaying basic
Basic irrational assumptions
A person who has body dysmorphic disorder is considering plastic surgery. based on available research, what is the BEST advice for this person?q
Be careful. often people who have plastic surgery for body dysmorphic disorder actually feel worse afterwards
the therapy Eliot is receiving emphasizes dealing with his compulsions but not his obsessions. in addition, he does "homework" in the form od self-help procedures between therapy sessions. most likely, Eliot is receiving which kind of therapy?
Behavioral
Cognitive theorists have found that people who develop obsessive-compulsive disorder also
Believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others
What type of drug is alprazolam (Xanax)
Benzodiazepine
Devon is being treated for anxiety. He is connected to an instrument that records muscle tension. His job is to try to reduce muscle tension. This is an example of:
Biofeedback training
antidepressants that are effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder serve to
Increase serotonin activity in the brain
When he was 5 years old, Samir was almost struck by lightning while walking through a forest during a rainstorm. Today, he is extremely afraid of trees. A behaviorist would say that he has acquired this fear by:
Classical Conditioning
Teaching people to accept their worries and live in the present moment—mindfulness therapy—is MOST consistent with which theoretical approach?
Cognitive
Which therapy is an effective treatment for panic attack that involves teaching patients to interpret their physical sensations accurately?
Cognitive
"everyone has intrusive and unwanted thoughts. Most people ignore them, But some people blame themselves and expect terrible consequence, so they act in ways they hope will neutralize the thoughts. the type of theorist MOST likely to agree with the quote would be a
Cognitive theorist
Which statement is true about drug and cognitive treatment for panic disorder?
Cognitive treatments have proven to be at least as effective as medication, if not more so
John cuddles with his favorite stuffed animal and sleeps with it each night to feel more secure. John is 38 years old. how common is this
Common: 1 in 20 men admit to this
When someone who is about to leave for work checks the stove 10 times to make sure it is turned off, that person is exhibiting a(n):
Compulsion
What is one important way obsession and compulsion are related?
Compulsions help people control their obsessions
When Marianela was a young child and watching TV with her mother, a mouse ran by. Her mother screamed, scaring her. Subsequently, she has been afraid of mice. In this example, the mouse is the after it causes Marianela to become frightened.
Conditioned Stimulus
A phobic person is taken to a snake-handling convention to confront snakes as part of desensitization training. this is an example of the technique
Convert
According to Freud, a generalized anxiety disorder is MOST likely to result when
Defense mechanisms are inadequate to cope with anxiety
The drug treatment that is MOST effective in treating Panic Disorder is like that used to treat
Depression
Which convinces researchers that panic disorder is biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder?
Difference in the brain circuitry in the two disorders
A person experiencing a panic Disorder is MOST likely to also have a
Fear of leaving home
An entomologist's fear of spiders is debilitating. to treat this phobia, a therapist puts the entomologist in a room with spiders, even asking her to handle them. this technique might be used to
Flooding
A person who is restless, keyed up, and on edge for no apparent reason is experiencing:
Free floating anxiety
Benzodiazepines are belived to be affected in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of __ at certain receptor sites ion the brain
GABA
GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter believed to be involved in reducing the excitability of neurons in the brain, has been implicated in the etiology of:
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
The first step in systematic desensitization treatment is:
Graded pairings with the phobic object
"Phobic and generalized anxiety disorder arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior." This explanation for anxiety disorder would MOST likely be offered by
Humanistic theorists
Which statement reflects the MOST common obsessive thought?
If I touch the doorknob, I will be dirty and contaminated
Which statement about the use of antidepressants to treat panic disorders is MOST accurate
It appears that all antidepressant drugs that restore norepinephrine help prevent or reduce panic symptoms
If a person were taking a n antidepressant that increases levels of serotonin and improves brain function for symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, that person could expect that:
It would lead to short-term relief, but relapse would occur if the person stopped the medication
Which is NOT a disadvantage of taking benzodiazepines?
Lack of sleep, increased anxiety and passivity
Which descriptor would be LEAST likely to describe someone experiencing obsessive-compulsive disorder, according to the cognitive perspective?
Let the good times roll. don't worry about tomorrow
According to "intolerance of uncertainty theory," those with generalized anxiety disorder are:
Likely to have difficulty tolerating the knowledge that a negative event may occur
Cognitive therapists believe that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by
Maladaptive assumptions
Sally is never sure of the right thing to do. She married Todd and has been wondering for years if that was the right thing to do. She is exhibiting:
Obsessive doubts
A psychodynamic theorist finds that a client is experiencing a battle between anxiety-provoking id impulses and anxiety-reducing ago defense mechanisms. He thinks that this usually unconscious conflict is being played out in an open and obvious manner. he is sure this underlying conflict explains clients
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Which disorder is experienced by about the same number of woman and men?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
a clinician who is not up-to-date uses the term "excessive behavior" to describe a category of disorder. according to the DSM-5, that category is now called
Obsessive-compulsive-related disorder
Raphael was outside the parking garage when, out of nowhere, he suddenly felt overwhelming fear. Raphael noticed that his fear increased, he started to feel out of control, and the intensity of the feelings seemed to reach a peak and then pass within a few minutes. This is an example of a:
Panic Attack
Rosa's heart was racing (from the 4 cups of coffee she had just finished), but she thought she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a:
Panic attack
A person who experiences unpredictable panic attacks combined with dysfunctional behavior and thoughts is probably experiencing:
Panic disorder
Every once in a while, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. It seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of a(n):
Panic disorder
Jan is very fearful of speaking in public and will do everything she can to avoid being evaluated by others, which causes her significant impairment. The MOST accurate diagnosis would be:
Social Anxiety Disorder
Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he always makes up excuses when asked out to eat. He would most likely be diagnosed with:
Social anxiety Disorder
A person says, "I've been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, and my therapist wants me to use drug therapy, not psychological therapy. I don't know which to choose." Based on current research, the BEST answer would be
Some therapist think psychological therapy should always be used, even with drug therapy; there's less chance of relapse
Little Karen was bitten by a tan pony she was riding at a carnival. The experience left her hurt and frightened. The next month she was visiting her uncle, who had a tan Great Dane. It frightened her even thought she had never had a bad experience with a dog. Karens dear of this dog is an example of
Stimulus Generalization
Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is an aspect of
Systematic desensitization
Sal is suffering from arachnophobia. His therapist first has him go through relaxation training and then has him construct a fear hierarchy. Finally, the therapist has him go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses. This approach is called:
Systematic desensitization
While walking through a forest during a rainstorm, 5-year-old Samir was almost struck by lightning. Today, as an adult, he is extremely afraid of trees. What is the conditioned stimulus in the example?
The Trees
People who show experience obsessions show
Thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them
A professor who puts on rubber gloves before grading papers and religiously avoid any contact with the hands of students is exhibiting a(n) compulsion
Touching
What is the scientific name for "hair-pulling disorder"
Trichotillomania
When Marianela was a young child and watching TV with her mother, a mouse ran by. Her mother screamed, scaring her. Subsequently, she has been afraid of mice. In this example, her mother's scream is the:
Unconditioned stimulus
Those LEASR likely to experience Specific phobias are
White American males
Which is the BEST description of the "avoidance theory" of generalized anxiety disorder
Worrying serves to reduce bodily arousal
Someone with skin-picking disorder would be LEAST likely to pick skin in which area of the body?
abdomen
The Phobia MOST often associated with panic disorder is
agoraphobia
according to Freud, obsessive-compulsive disorders have their origin in the development
anal
Psychodynamic therapies as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorders
appear to work better when used in short-term rather than traditional ways
Which is the BEST example of a broad social anxiety?
apprehension about being evaluated by others
People who have a biological vulnerability for anxiety that is brought to the surface byt social/psychological factors develop generalized anxiety disorders, according to the
diathesis-stress model
An abnormal psychology instructor asks in class, "What kinds of treatments are commonly used to treat obsessive compulsive related disorders?" Confidently (and accurately), a student replies:
exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs
Which is an example of a specific social anxiety?
fear of public speaking
Agoraphobia is the fear of
going to public places
mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
has received support in therapy applications for a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder
Generalized Anxiety disorder is MORE common
in African Americans than in white Americans
GABA is related to:
inhibiting neuronal firing in the brain
The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them
misinterpret bodily sensations
Which qualifiers are used to describe a person's social anxiety disorder?
narrow and broad
is a pop psychology term for the rush of fear that people have when they realize that they misplace or lost their cell phones, disconnecting from the world
nomophobia
In modeling, the client
observes the therapist confronting the feared object.
A professor's office is a mess; graded test are in piles on the desk, overflowing bookshelves line the walls, and research materials from years ago occupy boxes on the floor where there is only a narrow pathway to walk. if the professor is experiencing a diagnosable disorder, it would MOST likely be in which category?
obsessive-compulsive-related disorders
according to behaviorists, why do patients engage in compulsive behaviors
those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively reinforced
Which is not a component of social anxiety disorder, according to research by cognitive theorists
underestimating how badly a social event went
