Abnormal Psychology Chapter 6 Quiz

When do phobias like claustrophobia and driving phobia begin? Adolescence Childhood Middle adulthood Late adulthood

Adolescence

In order to qualify as a full-blown panic attack, which of the following must be present? One or two panic symptoms, most of which are physical At least four of thirteen symptoms, most of which are physical Slow onset of at least four to thirteen symptoms Slow onset with one to two symptoms developing over the course of an hour

At least four of thirteen symptoms, most of which are physical

Which of the following seems to be the best treatment for phobias? Exposure therapy Psychoanalysis Cognitive restructuring Family therapy

Exposure therapy

Behaviorally inhibited young children are more likely to develop social phobia. This is an example of a ________ causal factor. conditioning preparedness cognitive biological

biological

An evolutionary psychologist might say, "The unique physiological response in this disorder, involving fainting at the sight of the feared object, may have evolved because fainting might inhibit further attack from a predator." What disorder is being discussed? Blood-injection-injury phobia Agoraphobia with panic attacks Social phobia Animal phobia

blood-injection-injury phobia

Cognitive approaches to social phobia focus on ________ extinguishing problematic behavioral responses. challenging automatic thoughts. identifying the underlying cause of the phobia. minimizing symptoms.

challenging automatic thoughts.

Panic disorder is best described as a(n) ________ condition. chronic acute dissociative inherited

chronic

Wendy went swimming in the ocean last week and became mildly fearful when she swallowed a lot of water and felt as though she would drown. Now she is petrified of going into the ocean. This best illustrates ________ the observational learning explanation for phobias. the inability of the phobic person to direct his or her attention away from a feared object. the "inflation effect." classically conditioned fear based on direct experience.

classically conditioned fear based on direct experience.

Betty is hyperaware of such bodily sensations as heart rate and respiration rate. When she perceives heart or breathing as getting faster she becomes afraid that she is having a heart attack. These thoughts make her symptoms worse and she has a panic attack. Betty's pattern of thinking best illustrates ________ cognitive theory of panic. the psychoanalytic theory of panic. the importance of perceived control in panic disorder. the role of the locus coeruleus in panic.

cognitive theory of panic.

When Jill experienced her first panic attack, she felt as if she were outside of herself, watching herself struggle to catch her breath. Jill's sense of not being part of herself is one of the symptoms of a panic attack known as ________ derealization. depersonalization. dissociative fugue. personality disintegration.

depersonalization.

Neurobiological factors involved in panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder provide evidence for the hypothesis that ________ both disorders are caused by an excess of the GABA neurotransmitter. fear and anxiety are fundamentally distinct. the two disorders are genetically identical. panic may be an acute version of generalized anxiety disorder.

fear and anxiety are fundamentally distinct.

It is fairly easy to condition monkeys and humans to fear snakes but almost impossible to condition either to fear a flower. This supports the ________ theory of phobias. classical conditioning vicarious conditioning preparedness psychoanalytic

preparedness

When Charissa was a young child, she stepped on a bee and was stung. Since that time, she has been terrified of flying insects and runs away if she sees any. What form of learning is this? Defense mechanism Vicarious conditioning Observational learning Classical conditioning

Classical conditioning

Which of the following would be an example of anxiety? Julie jumped when she saw the snake. Hilda dreaded walking home alone. Carl was certain that the food was poisoned. The voices in Paul's head told him he should be afraid.

Hilda dreaded walking home alone.

James began having panic attacks immediately after his mother died suddenly. As they became more frequent, he began to fear going into public situations where they might occur. Now he is unable to leave his apartment and has others go out to shop for him. What is unusual about this case? It is unusual for a person with severe agoraphobia to be a man. It is unusual for panic attacks to begin after a stressful life event. It is unusual for fear of panic attacks to lead to agoraphobia. There is nothing unusual about this case.

It is unusual for a person with severe agoraphobia to be a man.

What disorder does GAD appear to be most related to? PTSD Panic disorder Specific phobia Major depression

Major depression

Quentin is seeking medication to treat his panic disorder. Due to Quentin's history of substance abuse, his doctor hesitates. After some consideration, the doctor is most likely to write Quentin a prescription for a ________, confident that abuse won't be an issue. SSRI tricyclic monamine oxidase inhibitor benzodiazepine

SSRI

Mrs. B. tells her psychologist, "I cannot leave a certain region around my home without having terrible fears. I am terribly worried when I am in a car or bus. I am afraid I will have another one of those terrifying experiences." What disorder does Mrs. B probably have and what experience is she talking about? The disorder is specific phobia, the experience is a panic attack. The disorder is agoraphobia, the experience is a panic attack. The disorder is obsessive-compulsive disorder, the experience is an obsession. The disorder is generalized anxiety disorder, the experience is anxiety.

The disorder is agoraphobia, the experience is a panic attack.

Why do many people with panic disorder continue to believe they are having a heart attack despite the fact that they never have had one? They continue to go through classical conditioned learning experiences each time they have a panic attack. They tend to engage in "safety behaviors" that they believe are the reason the catastrophe didn't happen. They tell themselves that physicians may have missed earlier heart attacks. They have such a high level of fear that learning is not possible.

They tend to engage in "safety behaviors" that they believe are the reason the catastrophe didn't happen

The effectiveness of benzodiazepines in treating GAD supports the hypothesis that ________ a serotonin deficiency underlies GAD. heightened autonomic arousal causes the anxiety of those with GAD. a GABA deficiency underlies GAD. anxiety increases noradrenergic activity.

a GABA deficiency underlies GAD.

Gradual exposure to feared cues is ________ an old treatment for anxiety disorders that is no longer used. a common component of treatment for all anxiety disorders. likely to make someone with an anxiety disorder worse in the long term. a useful treatment for phobias but not other anxiety disorders.

a common component of treatment for all anxiety disorders.

Anxiety sensitivity is ________ a fear of open spaces. a belief that anxiety will kill. a trait-like belief that certain bodily symptoms may have harmful consequences. a fear that situations in which panic attacks occur will be devastating.

a trait-like belief that certain bodily symptoms may have harmful consequences.

Which of the following is one of the five primary types of anxiety disorders recognized in the DSM-5? hypochondriasis agoraphobia dissociative fugue bipolar disorder

agoraphobia

Studies of preparedness and social phobia ________ find that angry faces act as fear-relevant stimuli. reveal that an explicit perception of threat is necessary to evoke a sympathetic response. do not provide justification for the seemingly irrational nature of social phobia. provide an explanation for why such a maladaptive behavioral response persists.

find that angry faces act as fear-relevant stimuli.

Amber feels anxious almost all the time. She finds herself worrying that her husband will leave her (although he has never shown any indication that he would), that she chose the wrong job, that her children might not be safe at their school, and that she might get sick and leave her family in financial ruin. She calls her husband almost every day to find out when he will be home. She complains to her physician that she is always tired but cannot sleep or relax. Amber's most likely diagnosis is ________ generalized anxiety disorder. generalized social phobia. panic disorder with agoraphobia. obsessive compulsive disorder.

generalized anxiety disorder.

Neuroticism is ________ a tendency to experience negative mood states. simply another term for anxiety. a tendency to believe negative things about oneself. a tendency to feel anxious.

is a tendency to experience negative mood states.

Neurotic behavior is ________ maladaptive and means that a person is out of touch with reality. a current term, used to describe many disorders in the DSM-5. what we now refer to as "hysteria." maladaptive but means that a person is not out of touch with reality.

is maladaptive but means that a person is not out of touch with reality.

One of the main problems with the worry in generalized anxiety disorders is ________ it keeps people distracted from what is really bothering them. it is a form of avoidance and prevents extinction. it increases the effects of operant conditioning on their fears. it keeps people with the disorder feeling happier than if they don't worry.

it is a form of avoidance and prevents extinction.

One of the main functions that worry seems to serve in generalized anxiety disorder is ________ it keeps people distracted from what is really bothering them. it keeps people with the disorder feeling happier than if they didn't worry. it prevents people with the disorder from developing depression. it keeps people from feeling the emotional and physiological consequences of anxiety.

it keeps people from feeling the emotional and physiological consequences of anxiety.

Compared to anxiety, panic is ________ less focused. longer lasting. slower to develop. more intense.

more intense.

The cognitive model does not account for ________ nocturnal panic attacks. the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapies. findings from panic provocation studies. evidence of a role for genes in anxiety disorders.

nocturnal panic attacks.

Kayla has just started college and wants to make friends. She refuses to go to large parties because she is afraid that she will blush and sweat, and that other people will laugh at her. She is fine when talking to people in one-on-one settings. Kayla's most likely diagnosis is ________ social phobia. specific phobia, situational type. agoraphobia without history of panic disorder. generalized social phobia.

social phobia.

Martin is afraid to fly. He knows his boss wants him to take a trip for the business. Martin feels miserable, because he wants to keep his job but cannot even imagine getting on a plane. The most likely diagnosis for Martin is ________ agoraphobia without history of panic disorder. social phobia. specific phobia, situation type. panic disorder with agoraphobia.

specific phobia, situation type.

Panic disorders are often misdiagnosed because ________ the symptoms overlap so much with major depression. the symptoms are so chronic and mild, they do not seem like serious forms of psychopathology. patients are so embarrassed by their problems, they do not make them known to professionals. symptoms are so somatic they are treated by physicians for medical problems.

symptoms are so somatic they are treated by physicians for medical problems.

Evolutionary preparedness explains ________ why phobic people are likely to maintain their avoidance behavior. how the inflation effect works. why cognitive variables are so important in phobias. why some types of phobias are much more common than others.

why some types of phobias are much more common than others.