Abnormal Psychology final exam

Extreme emotions and the need to be the center of attention are characteristics of what kind of disorder? Question options: a) antisocial disorder b) histrionic disorder c) schizoid disorder d) narcissistic disorder

b

Group therapy is a good option for those with dependent personality disorder; they'll be able to observe others' coping skills and model them. This statement would MOST likely be made by a therapist having which theoretical perspective? Question options: a) the psychodynamic perspective b) the cognitive-behavioral perspective c) the sociocultural perspective d) the biological perspective

b

Kevin sees huge, iridescent butterflies covering the floors. He also hears soft harp music at all hours, when no one is playing a harp or any music. The presence of these behaviors illustrates _____ symptoms of schizophrenia. Question options: a) active b) positive c) negative d) psychomotor

b

Schizotypal personality disorder seems to be MOST closely related to which other disorder? Question options: a) anxiety b) schizophrenia c) obsessive-compulsive disorder d) narcissistic personality disorder

b

Tactile hallucinations are: Question options: a) feelings that something is happening inside the body. b) perceptions of tingling, burning, or electric-shock sensations. c) when food or drink tastes strange on a regular basis. d) odors that no one else smells.

b

What behavior suggests that a child has autism spectrum disorder? Question options: a) The child argues defiantly with parents. b) The child is not responsive to other people. c) The child screams uncontrollably when separated from his or her parents. d) The child is very active and finds it difficult to stay on task.

b

_____ is a disorder that consists of repeatedly soiling oneself after four years of age. Question options: a) Enuresis b) Encopresis c) Oppositional defiant disorder d) Conduct disorder

b

A 7-year-old child is wetting the bed at night. The bed-wetting apparently is beyond the child's control. The BEST diagnosis is: Question options: a) enuresis. b) encopresis. c) oppositional defiant disorder. d) conduct disorder.

a

If parents excessively reinforce clinging and punish attempts at independence, the result might be the development of _____ in their children. Question options: a) paranoid personality disorder b) borderline personality disorder c) dependent personality disorder d) narcissistic personality disorder

c

If people with schizophrenia make at least modest gains when they receive behavioral therapy, this would indicate that: Question options: a) learning is the cause of schizophrenia. b) other forms of therapy are inappropriate. c) some symptoms of schizophrenia may be learned. d) operant, but not classical, conditioning causes symptoms of schizophrenia.

c

"Be loyal to your family" was what the child heard all the time while growing up, along with, "You shouldn't and can't do it on your own, so don't even try." A cognitive-behaviorist would say this kind of upbringing would be MOST likely to produce which of the personality disorders in the child when he or she reaches adulthood? Question options: a) narcissistic personality disorder b) antisocial personality disorder c) avoidant personality disorder d) dependent personality disorder

d

A child who does almost everything with her mother seems extremely anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches and wanting to go home. If the child has an anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely: Question options: a) agoraphobia b) bipolar disorder. c) dependent personality disorder. d) separation anxiety disorder.

d

A child whose therapist asks him to draw pictures about his life and then introduces games and stories to help the child work through his conflicts and then change his emotions and behavior is MOST likely receiving: Question options: a) cognitive therapy. b) classroom therapy. c) insight therapy. d) play therapy.

d

All of these structures are part of a brain circuit that is linked to schizophrenia EXCEPT: Question options: a) the prefrontal cortex. b) the amygdala. c) the substantia nigra. d) the superior colliculus.

d

A reading proficiency level that is much lower than would be expected based on the measure of general intelligence is called: Question options: a) dyslexia. b) perceptual deficit disorder. c) developmental coordination disorder. d) speech sound disorder.

a

In general, the closer that people are genetically related to someone with schizophrenia, the more likely they are to be diagnosed with schizophrenia as well. This is evidence of _____ between a schizophrenia diagnosis and the degree of closeness of relationship. Question options: a) a positive correlation b) a negative correlation c) a causal relationship d) no clear relationship

a

An individual with a diagnosis of an odd personality disorder is MOST likely to have a parent or sibling who has: Question options: a) bipolar disorder. b) schizophrenia. c) one of the paraphilias. d) alcohol abuse disorder.

b

Which of these is NOT a biological factor for autism spectrum disorder? Question options: a) maternal exposure to toxic chemicals during pregnancy b) administration of the MMR vaccine c) dysfunction of brain structures d) relatives with autism

b

A child with autism spectrum disorder points to a picture of a fork on a board rather than saying, "I want food." This child is using a(n): Question options: a) self-communication device. b) token economy system. c) augmentative communication system. d) integrative motor system.

c

What is considered the first line of treatment for schizophrenia? Question options: a) cognitive-behavioral therapy b) social therapy c) second-generation antipsychotic medications d) conventional antipsychotic medications

c

What is the dark triad? a) traits that are present in the prison population b) the three personality clusters c) malicious traits that work together to produce offensive behavior d) personality disorder clusters that are quite distinct from one another

c

What is the rate of concordance for schizophrenia in identical twins? Question options: a) 2-5 percent b) 15-18 percent c) 40-50 percent d) 60-70 percent

c

Which disorder is characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of and a fear of separation? Question options: a) paranoid personality disorder b) histrionic personality disorder c) dependent personality disorder d) narcissistic personality disorder

c

Which is characteristic of MOST mass murderers? Question options: a) a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder b) previous imprisonment c) feelings of persecution and desire for revenge d) being under the influence of illegal substances while killing

c

According to some researchers, what is an early version of social anxiety disorder? Question options: a) general anxiety disorder b) extreme parental attachment c) shyness d) selective mutism

d

Sophia has been diagnosed with having autism spectrum disorder. Her parents note she has trouble coping when life is too unpredictable. She keeps all of her toys in a certain order on the shelf, and throws a tantrum if her mother moves any of them. Any small changes in her daily routine also cause her to become very upset, and she commonly throws tantrums when there are any variations to her schedule. This is an example of: Question options: a) overstimulation. b) stimulus over selectivity. c) self-stimulatory behavior. d) highly rigid and repetitive behavior.

d

The "rational path to madness" is MOST consistent with a(n): Question options: a) existential orientation. b) family systems orientation. c) psychoanalytic orientation. d) cognitive-behavioral orientation.

d

Which is NOT one of the Big Five supertraits? Question options: a) anger b) neuroticism c) extraversion d) openness to experience

a

A child is extremely aggressive. She is always fighting with her peers and is frequently very cruel to them. She never tells the truth. Her MOST likely diagnosis is: Question options: a) conduct disorder. b) juvenile delinquency. c) passive-aggressive disorder. d) oppositional defiant disorder.

a

A pregnant woman's diet lacks the appropriate level of iodine. This may lead her baby to have a dwarflike appearance and a defective thyroid gland. This disorder is called: Question options: a) cretinism. b) encephalitis. c) Down syndrome. d) fragile X syndrome.

a

Which personality disorder is marked by a general pattern of disregard for, and violation of, other people's rights? Question options: a) borderline b) antisocial c) histrionic d) narcissistic

b

What is the DSM-5 disorder that describes children with patterns of severe rage? Question options: a) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder b) bipolar disorder c) childhood rage disorder d) oppositional defiant disorder

a

_____ is a condition in which people show no emotions at all. Question options: a) Flat affect b) Blunted affect c) Avolition d) Anhedonia

a

Which statement BEST fits the evidence for the biological basis of schizophrenia? Question options: a) The gene that causes schizophrenia has been identified in position 21, and it is recessive. b) Schizophrenia is a polygenetic disorder, probably impacting brain structure and chemical activity. c) If someone inherits defects on chromosomes 1-11 and 15-19, that person is likely to experience schizophrenia. d) Genetic studies have revealed no gene involvement in schizophrenia.

b

Which piece of evidence, if found, would weaken the dopamine hypothesis the most? Question options: a) a study showing that when people are given excess doses of L-dopa, they subsequently develop symptoms of schizophrenia b) a study showing that other drugs that increase dopamine activity, such as amphetamines, also produce symptoms of schizophrenia c) a study showing that drugs that bind to receptors other than dopamine reduce or eliminate the symptoms of schizophrenia d) a study showing that phenothiazines are more effective than second-generation antipsychotic drugs in reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia

c

The inability to move limbs in catatonic schizophrenia illustrates _____ symptoms of schizophrenia. Question options: a) active b) positive c) negative d) psychomotor

d

The theorist who describes schizoid personality disorder as developing from coping with parental rejection by avoiding relationships represents the: Question options: a) cognitive-behavioral perspective. b) humanistic perspective. c) existential perspective. d) psychodynamic perspective.

d

Carla says "I get really mad sometimes, but I often feel empty and weird. So, I have to go do something exhilarating and spur-of-the-moment to feel good and interesting." She likely has which personality disorder? Question options: a) borderline personality disorder b) antisocial personality disorder c) narcissistic personality disorder d) paranoid personality disorder

a

Delia does not display all the full-blown schizophrenia symptoms anymore. Occasionally, a shadow of a symptom appears. She is a bit withdrawn and not entirely clear all the time, but she can marginally function in the world. This is an example of: Question options: a) the residual phase of schizophrenia. b) catatonic schizophrenia. c) paranoid schizophrenia. d) undifferentiated schizophrenia.

a

Elimination disorders are diagnosed when which criteria have been met? Question options: a) A child has reached an age at which he or she is expected to control bodily functions. b) The child has a physical illness causing the disorder. c) The child has been taking medications that are causing the disorder. d) The child hides the disorder from his or her parents.

a

Enuresis is defined as: Question options: a) repeated bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes after the age of five. b) repeated bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes after the age of three. c) intentional, repeated bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes as an act of defiance after the age of five. d) intentional, repeated bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes as an act of defiance after the age of three.

a

Luke constantly strives to be the center of attention, yet the ideas he so eloquently expresses are usually shallow and changeable. If he were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it MOST likely would be: Question options: a) histrionic disorder. b) borderline disorder. c) antisocial disorder. d) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

a

One similarity between those experiencing paranoid personality disorder and those experiencing schizoid personality disorder is that they both tend to: Question options: a) lack close ties to others. b) distrust others. c) be described by others as arrogant and angry. d) score poorly on typical intelligence tests.

a

One speech problem displayed by many children with autism spectrum disorder is that they repeat everything said to them. This is called: Question options: a) echolalia. b) neologism. c) nominal aphasia. d) pronominal reversal.

a

Studies evaluating the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder have shown that cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce: Question options: a) long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance. b) only short-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance. c) long-term gains in school achievement but only short-term gains in intelligence test performance. d) only short-term gains in school achievement but long-term gains in intelligence test performance.

a

Symptoms of postpartum psychosis appear to be triggered by: Question options: a) the sudden loss of social status a woman experiences immediately after giving birth. b) maternal diabetes, which is at its worst during and after childbirth. c) feelings of diminished worth, combined with anxiety related to child care. d) a large shift in hormones occurring just after childbirth.

a

The finding that the highest rates of schizophrenia are found among people who are born during the winter supports which theory of schizophrenia? Question options: a) the viral theory b) the genetic theory c) the dopamine theory d) the biochemical theory

a

Wanda is a student who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Often, she sits, staring at the blank page where she should be completing homework assignments, unable to make herself write anything; she just doesn't seem to care. What symptom is she displaying? Question options: a) avolition b) anhedonia c) inappropriate affect d) flat affect

a

Which is NOT a goal of parent-child interaction therapy? Question options: a) helping parents set realistic goals for their child's behavior b) teaching the child better social and coping skills c) encouraging parents to act consistently with their child d) teaching parents to use fairer discipline practices

a

"The problem is that they assume they can't take care of themselves, so they think others have to meet their needs. This pattern of thinking is not very helpful in trying to deal with histrionic personality disorder." A psychologist from which perspective would agree MOST strongly with this quote? Question options: a) the biological perspective b) the sociocultural perspective c) the cognitive-behavioral perspective d) the object relations perspective

c

A child is openly hostile toward his parents. He argues with them constantly and will not do anything they say. They cannot control him. The diagnosis he is MOST likely to receive is: Question options: a) conduct disorder. b) juvenile delinquency. c) oppositional defiant disorder. d) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

c

A client is initially very resistant to therapy, cannot acknowledge weaknesses, and ignores feedback. MOST likely, the client is experiencing: Question options: a) schizoid personality disorder and will not make much progress in therapy. b) schizoid personality disorder and will make a great deal of progress in therapy. c) narcissistic personality disorder and will not make much progress in therapy. d) narcissistic personality disorder and will make a great deal of progress in therapy.

c

A patient has smaller temporal lobes and high activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine. These symptoms are: Question options: a) psychoneuroimmunological, and the most likely diagnosis is schizotypal personality disorder. b) psychoneuroimmunological, and the most likely diagnosis is antisocial personality disorder. c) biological, and the most likely diagnosis is schizotypal personality disorder. d) biological, and the most likely diagnosis is antisocial personality disorder.

c

A person with schizophrenia who laughs when told sad news and screams in situations that most people see as warm and tender is experiencing: Question options: a) cognitive distortion. b) delusions of control. c) inappropriate affect. d) olfactory hallucination.

c

An intervention in which parents whose children have been diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior therapy targeting and rewarding desired behavior is called: Question options: a) parent-interaction therapy. b) video modeling. c) parent management training. d) family-consequence sensitization.

c

Anita has been treated with perphenazine for several years. Recently, she's begun constantly smacking her lips and her legs involuntarily move jerkily. She has also begun to display twitching facial tics. This is an example of: Question options: a) dystonia. b) akathisia. c) tardive dyskinesia. d) neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

c

As part of his treatment, a client with avoidant personality disorder must increase the number of social contacts he makes per day. The person, at the least, must greet others with the sentence, "Hello, how are you doing?" MOST likely, the therapist has which theoretical background? Question options: a) a psychodynamic background b) a biological background c) a cognitive-behavioral background d) a sociocultural background

c

Giving in to a child's refusal to comply with a parental request may inadvertently reinforce stubborn and defiant behavior, setting the scene for the development of antisocial personality disorder. This is most like a _____ view. Question options: a) cognitive b) biological c) behavioral d) psychodynamic

c

Jasmine always feels like she's on an emotional rollercoaster. She goes between feeling depressed, anxious, and angry. Jasmine's feelings are MOST similar to those of someone with which personality disorder? Question options: a) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder b) narcissistic personality disorder c) borderline personality disorder d) antisocial personality disorder

c

Leonardo believes that his favorite TV show is giving him a coded message and that the main character speaks directly and personally to him. He decides to go to the filming location to talk to the main character. Leonardo is suffering from: Question options: a) delusions of persecution. b) delusions of grandeur. c) delusions of reference. d) delusions of control.

c

Sylvie is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork. However, she now lives on her own, has a job, and is able to perform the routine chores of life. She would not be considered to have intellectual disability because: Question options: a) she is too old. b) her IQ is not low enough. c) her daily functioning is adequate. d) her condition was not diagnosed before she turned 18.

c

The consistencies of one's characteristics are called: Question options: a) inherited characteristics. b) learned responses. c) personality traits. d) personality typologies.

c

The five traits to be included in future revisions of the DSM-5 that utilize a dimensional approach in diagnosing personality disorders are: Question options: a) conscientiousness, negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition. b) disinhibition, psychoticism, antagonism, agreeableness, extroversion. c) negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism. d) detachment, extroversion, neuroticism, antagonism, conscientiousness.

c

The most consistent feature of intellectual disability is that the person with the disability: Question options: a) has behavioral problems. b) has difficulty paying attention. c) learns very slowly. d) struggles to develop relationships.

c

The stage of the development of schizophrenia that is marked by deterioration of functioning and the display of some mild symptoms is called the: Question options: a) active phase. b) residual phase. c) prodromal phase. d) premorbid phase.

c

Assume that a study of prison inmates diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder shows that they generally experience less anxiety than other people when they lie or when they con others. This outcome would MOST strongly support which theoretical position? Question options: a) the sociocultural position b) the psychodynamic position c) the cognitive-behavioral position d) the biological position

d

Children with multiple physical and neurological problems that seriously limit their functioning are MOST likely to be diagnosed with which level of intellectual disability? Question options: a) subclinical disability b) mild disability c) moderate disability d) severe or profound disability

d

People with _____ are so preoccupied with order, perfection, and control that they lose all flexibility, openness, and efficiency. Question options: a) dependent personality disorder b) borderline personality disorder c) avoidant personality disorder d) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

d

People with _____ personality disorder persistently avoid and are removed from social relationships, and they demonstrate little in the way of emotion. Question options: a) antisocial b) avoidant c) borderline d) schizoid

d

Quincy knows that her family is planning to kill her and sell her prized piano. She's heard them talking about her, and they've tried to tell her that she isn't feeling well when Quincy knows she's in perfect health. Quincy has known for years that everyone hates her piano and wants to get rid of it. Quincy is MOST likely suffering from delusions of: Question options: a) grandeur. b) reference. c) control. d) persecution.

d

Selina always feels mysterious forces that she believes she can use to control others and which guide her through life. When she sees a news report of a store robbery in another city, she thinks that it is a warning that her house will be broken into that evening. If she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is MOST likely: Question options: a) schizoid personality disorder. b) avoidant personality disorder. c) paranoid personality disorder. d) schizotypal personality disorder.

d

What is the most effective ADHD treatment program? Question options: a) Psychodynamic therapy works best, with or without drugs. b) Cognitive-behavioral therapy outperforms even methylphenidate. c) Dietary changes work best in the long term. d) Drugs, combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy, work best.

d

When a child with autism spectrum disorder jumps, flaps his arms, twists his hands and fingers, and makes unusual faces, the child is engaging in: Question options: a) self-injurious behavior. b) self-communication behavior. c) self-motor behavior. d) self-stimulatory behavior.

d

Which individual would MOST clearly fit into the biosocial theory of the development of borderline personality disorder? Question options: a) an individual who has deficits in the functioning of both the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex b) an individual who has family members who display many of the symptoms of borderline personality disorder c) an individual who engages in self-injurious behavior while under the influence of illegal substances d) an individual who has difficulty controlling internal emotions and parents who mislabel those emotions

d

Which statement about schizophrenia is TRUE? Question options: a) People with schizophrenia are often misdiagnosed as having dissociative identity disorder. b) People with schizophrenia hide their symptoms and can generally function well in a variety of contexts. c) Men are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than women. d) Psychosis is a key feature of schizophrenia, but it can also occur in other disorders.

d