Abnormal Psychology sleep disorders

Lakukan tugas rumah & ujian kamu dengan baik sekarang menggunakan Quizwiz!

How hypersomnolence and narcolepsy are treated

Stimulants, such as methylphenidate or modafinil

Things nightmares are associated with

genetics, trauma, medication usage, and some psychological disorders

Schizophrenia's relation to sleep problems

hypersomnia as a result of antipsychotic medication

Depression's relation to sleep problems

insomnia/hypersomnia

Phase delays

moving bedtime later. People can best readjust their sleep patterns by going to bed several hours later each night until bedtime is at the desired hour

Gender differences regarding insomnia

Women report insomnia twice as often as men, women often report problems initiating sleep and are more affected by poor sleep than men are

Relaxation therapy

reduces the physical tension that seems to prevent some people from falling asleep at night

Psychological treatments

relaxation treatments and stimulus control

Non-24-hour sleep-wake type

sleeping on a 25 or 26 hour cycle with later and later bedtimes ultimately going throughout the day

Actigraph

Small electronic device that is worn on the wrist like a watch and records body movements. This device can be used to record sleep-wake cycles

Advanced sleep phase type

"early to bed, early to rise"

Statistics among young children regarding insomnia (%)

20% to 40%

USA average adult hours of sleep per night

6.9

Recommended sleep per night

7 to 9

Sleep paralysis

A brief period after awakening when they can't move or speak that is often frightening to those who go through it

Sleep-related hypoventilation

A decrease in airflow without a complete pause in breathing. Tends to cause an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, because insufficent air is exchanged with the environment

Fatal Familial Insomnia

A degenerative brain disorder where total lack of sleep leads to death

Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder

A discrepancy between the sleep-wake schedule required by a person to be rested and the requirements of the person's environment that leads to excessive sleepiness or insomnia

Sleep Apnea

A disorder that involves obstructed nighttime breathing

Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders

A variety of breathing disorders that occur during sleep and that lead to excessive sleepiness or insomnia

Parasomnias

Abnormal behaviors such as nightmares or sleepwalking that occur during sleep

Hypersomnia

Abnormally excessive sleep. A person with this condition will fall asleep several times a day

The amount of people in the USA with sleep problems

About 70 million

Sleep terrors

Abrupt awakening from sleep that begins with a panicky scream

Sexsomnia

Acting out sexual behaviors (such as masturbation and sexual intercourse) with no memory of the event

General statistics about insomnia disorders

Almost 1/3 of the population report some symptoms, 35% of older adults report excessive daytime sleepiness, and older black men report the most problems, reported more from women than in men

How is cataplexy treated?

Antidepressants because they suppress REM sleep

Polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation

Assessment of sleep disorders in which a client sleeping in the lab is monitored for heart, muscle, respiration, brain wave, and other functions

Neurological and Biological underpinnings of Narcolepsy

Associated with a cluster of genes on chromosome 6, may be an autosomal recessive trait. It appears that there is a significant loss of nerve cells called hypocretin neurons

Assumptions of the integrative view of sleep disorders

At some level both biological and psychological factors are present in most cases, that these multiple factors are reciprocally related

Several drawbacks to medical treatments for insomnia

Benzodiazepine medication can cause excessive sleepiness and people can become dependent on them. They can increase the likelihood of sleep-walking related problems

Cataplexy

Brief loss of muscle tone

Conditions/behaviors associated with Central Sleep Apnea

Certain central nervous system disorders, cerebral vascular disease, head trauma, and degenerative disorders

Insomnia Disorder

Condition in which insufficient sleep interferes with normal functioning

Stage 3 sleep and stage 4 (now combined)

Deep sleep stage

Several circadian rhythm sleep disorders

Delayed sleep phase type, advanced sleep phase type, irregular sleep-wake type, and non-24 hour sleep wake type

Mental disorders associated with sleep problems

Depression, mania, schizophrenia

Common disorders that co-occur alongside insomnia

Depression, substance use, neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer's disease

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

Episodes of arousal during REM sleep that result in behaviors that can cause harm to the individual or others

Sleep attacks

Episodes of falling asleep during the day

Narcolepsy

Episodes of irresistible attacks of refreshing sleep occurring daily, accompanied by episodes of brief loss of muscle tone

Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

Excessive Jerky Leg Movements

Hypersomnolence Disorders

Excessive sleepiness that is displayed as either sleeping longer than is typical or frequent falling asleep during the day

Predisposing Conditions (sleep disorders)

Factors that influence eventual sleep problems. For example, being a light sleeper or having a family history of sleep disorders

Nightmare Disorder

Frequently being awkward by extended and extremely frightening dreams that cause significant distress and impaired functioning

nightmares

Frightening and anxiety-provoking dreams occurring during REM sleep

Stage 1 sleep

Getting drowsy stage, easily alerted but getting sleepy

Sleep patterns in children in Italy

Have shorter nightly sleep duration, going to bed later and waking up earlier, than children in the USA

Rebound insomnia

In a person with insomnia, the worsened sleep problems that can occur when medications are used to treat insomnia and then withdrawn

Sleep stress

Includes a number of events that can negatively affect sleep

Confusional arousals

Incomplete awakening

Central Sleep Apnea

Involves the complete cessation of respiratory activity for brief periods. Individuals tend to wake up frequently during the night but are not as sleepy during the day

Restless Legs Syndrome

Irresistible urges to move the legs as a result of unpleasant sensations

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep

Periodic intervals of sleep during which the eyes move rapidly from side to side, and dreams occur, but the body is inactive

Environmental treatments of sleep disorders

Phase delays and phototherapy

Conditions/behaviors associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypophea Syndrome

Snoring, obesity, and old age

Stage 2 sleep

Light sleep stage

Biological clock

Located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (located in the hypothalmus) and is the mechanism that keeps us in sync with the outside world

Sleep patterns in children in Bali

May participate in occasional spiritual observances throughout the night and sleep on and off

Electroenecephalogram

Measures brain wave activity

Electrooculugram

Measures eye movements

Electrocardiogram

Measures heart activity

Electromyogram

Measures muscle movements

The most common treatments for insomnia

Medical

Infections related to hyperinsomnia

Mononucleosis, hepatitis, and viral pneumonia

Disorder of Arousal

Motor movements and behaviors that occur during NREM sleep including confusional arousals, sleep walking, or sleep terrors

Sleep patterns in children in the USA

Nonwhite kids will often go to bed later, get up later, and sleep less than white kids do

Limitations of Polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation of sleep

Not economic and not a naturalistic measure of sleep

The three types of apnea

Obstructive, central, and mixed sleep apnea

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypophea Syndrome

Occurs when airflow stops despite continued activity by the respiratory system

Irregular sleep-wake type

People who experience highly varied sleep cycles

The relation between body temperatures and insomnia

People with insomnia may have a delayed temperature rhythm

Sleep efficiency (SE)

Percentage of time actually spent sleeping of the total time spent in bed

Sleep hygiene

Preventative steps during the day to help the cessation of insomnia

Dyssomnias

Problems in getting to sleep or in obtaining sufficient quality of sleep

Stage 5 sleep

REM sleep takes place, dreaming

Prevalence of Narcolepsy

Relatively rare, occuring in .03% to .16% of the population and are approximately equal among males and females

Sleep disturbances more common in childhood

Sleep terrors and sleep walking

Substance-induced sleep disorder

Severe sleep disturbance that is the result of substance intoxication or withdrawal

Microsleeps

Short, seconds-long periods of sleep that occur in people who have been deprived of sleep

One of several benzodiazepine or related medications

Short-acting drugs such as triazolam (Halcion), Zaleplon (Sonata), and Zolpidem (Ambien), and long-acting drugs such as flurzaepam (Dalmane)

Breathing-related sleep disorders

Sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia, caused by a breathing problem such as interrupted (sleep apnea) or labored (hypoventilation) breathing

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders

Sleep disturbances resulting in sleepiness or insomnia, caused by the body's inability to synchronize its sleep patterns with the current pattern of day and night

Delayed sleep phase type

Sleep is delayed or later than normal bedtime

Sleep patterns in children in Japan

Sleep less, sometimes napping after dinner but waking up to study late into the night

Sleep patterns in children in the Netherlands

Sleep longer, going to bed earlier

Two characteristics of narcolepsy that distinguishes it from other sleep disorders

Sleep paralysis and hypnogogic hallucinations

Sleep patterns in children in China

Sleep patterns change seasonally, presumably to coincide with family work patterns

Shift work sleep problems

Sleep problems are associated with work schedules and may have problems sleeping or experience excessive sleepiness during waking hours

Jet Lags sleep problems

Sleep problems that are caused by rapidly crossing multiple time zones

Polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation of sleep

The golden standard of studying sleep, measures of brain waves, eye movements, muscle movements, heartbeat, nosal and oral air flow, and behavioral observation as long as gathering a detailed sleep history form patient

Treatment of breathing-related sleep disorders

They focus on helping the person breathe better during sleep. For some, this means recommending weight loss. Others use a CPAP machine and research is going into the musical instrument didgeridoo

Phototherapy

Using bright light to track the brain into readjusting the biological clock

Hypnagogic Hallucination

Vivid and often terrifying experiences that begin at the start of sleep and are said to be unbelievable realistic because they include not only visual aspects but also touch, hearing, and even the sensation of body movement

Hypoventilation

When breathing is constricted a great deal and is labored during sleep

Nocturnal eating syndrome

When individuals rise from their beds and eat while they are still asleep

Isolated Sleep paralysis

When sleep paralysis occurs in someone who does not have Narcolepsy

Hormone melatonin

contributes to the setting of our biological clocks that tell us when to sleep

Mani's relation to sleep problems

decreased need for sleep

What is the stages of sleep (broadly)

distinguished by their electroenecephalography and each stage serves its own physiological function. Stages 1-5.


Set pelajaran terkait

Strategies for answering multiple choice questions

View Set

Special Senses Multiple Choice Questions

View Set

Circulation/Oxygenation Practice Quiz for N3

View Set

Placenta Previa and Placenta abruption

View Set