Academy DCJS topics
When to request special investigations assistance?
- narcotics distribution type cases - assistance on writing search warrants - upon receiving information that may be related to vice investigations -anytime when the expertise of a SID may be helpful to your investigation
What are sources to determining fair market value?
-National Automobile Dealers Association (NADA) for cars, trucks, motorcycles, boats -American Insurance Association -Personal property tax records -pawn broker blue books -expert appraisals -insurance adjuster guides -replacement cost estimates
Contact and Cover Principles
-Position the suspect 45 degrees between you an contact officer -Ideal situation: 1 cover and 1 contact per suspect -contact is primary -cover is secondary -cover officer should stand out of reach of suspect
How can you identify a dead body?
-wallet -vehicle -another person -fingerprints -dental records -hospital records -facial reconstruction -tattoos -DNA -Jewelry -eye glass prescriptions
What is the code for stalking?
18.2-60.3
What is the state code that states that police department has to release general criminal incident information (date, general location, investigating officer, injuries, property damaged or stolen, who is arrested and charges)
2.2-3706 Disclosure of criminal records; limitations
What is the state code that states that willfully violating the previous state codes could result in a civil penalty of not less than $500 nor more than $2000
2.2-3714
The case documents will be forwarded to the Commonwealth Attorney within ________ of the arrest of an adult and ________ for a juvenile
20 days; 10 days
What are the punishments for a class 2 felony?
20 years to life, up to $100,000 fine
offense that occurs within ________ of the territorial boundary of a county or city may be prosecuted in __________ and a law enforcement officer from either jurisdiction has ___________
300 yards; either jurisdiction; full powers of arrest
how many safeties are on a glock and what are they?
3: trigger safety, firing pin safety, drop safety
A juvenile may only be held in temporary detention for ______ but a supervisor may approve an extension
4 hours
What are examples of congestion evidence?
-any incriminating statements -testimonial evidence
What types of evdence might be at a burglary?
-fingerprints -footprints -tool marks -items used or left by the suspect -points of entry and exit
What are examples of physical evidence impressions?
-firearms -toolmarks -shoe impressions -tire impressions -fingerprints
What are the steps to preparing to search an area?
-first make a quick general surgery of the area -determine where the obvious evidence would most likely be located -decide on teh best method of searching
What will the witness list include?
-last, first, middle name; race/sex; DOB; SSN -home/work address -home/work phone number -who the individual is and a brief summary of the witness testimony
When you are on scene of a robbery case what should you do towards the end?
-locate the victim(s) and witnesses, update the BOL -assist as needed on the scene -check with supervisor to determine if follow up is needed-ensure detectives have been notified
How do you respond and investigate a hate crime?
-locate witnesses -determine if the incident meets the criteria for a Hate Crime -assist as needed on scene -complete necessary reports
What are considerations for interviewing a suspect?
-location to interview -physical/emotional needs -timing -drug/alcohol effects -preparation -privacy -physical barriers -juvenile/adult
How would you photograph for a burglary of a business?
-photograph exterior, address and name of business -photograph of possible entry and exit points -close-ups of any damage to the business -overalls fo each affected room
Elder abuse is when an older adult experiences:
-physical abuse -neglect -sexual abuse and stalking -financial exploitation -emotional abuse -any combination of the incidents above
Transporting in a car without a cage
-place them in front seat and handcuffed to rear -make sure they cannot reach anything -use peripheral vision to observe prisoner -never leave prisoner unattended in vehicle
What are the types of search patterns?
-point to point -line -grid -zone -wheel/ray -spiral
Relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact
Circumstantial evidence
Assault and battery against a family or household member is a ________
Class 1 misdemeanor
Hunting under the influence is what class of crime?
Class 1 misdemeanor
Hunting with firearms while under influence of intoxicant or narcotic drug is a ________
Class 1 misdemeanor
A violation of court order regarding custody and visitation section A (withheld outside commonwealth) is guilty of a _______
Class 6 felony
An arrest after ONE prior conviction of stalking within a five year period is a _________
Class 6 felony
As of July 1, 2016 it is a ______ for the subject of a permanent protective order to possess a firearm
Class 6 felony
It is a __________ for the subject of a permanent protective order to posses a firearm
Class 6 felony
The possession of firearms while in possession of certain substances is classified as a _________
Class 6 felony
While maliciously discharging a firearm within or against any occupied building or dwelling that is occupied by one or more persons putting them in peril that is done unlawfully, but not maliciously is guilty of ________
Class 6 felony
When can you search a vehicle?
Consent, Carroll doctrine (PC), inventory search
The intent of the juvenile justice system is focused on _________
Consequence designed to redirect behavior
The contracted worker or company fails to do the work that is in the contract
Construction fraud
What are possible hazards in the area of scenes of missing persons that you should be aware of?
Construction sites, discarded appliances, vehicles, waterways
_____ breaking requires the use of threats, fraud, trickery, conspiracy, or other malevolent conduct designed to prompt the victim to let the defendant inside
Constructive
For construction fraud due to the complexity of these cases you should have the victim _________
Contact ECU to make these reports
If you have at risk cases what should you do?
Contact a supervisor and a missing person's detective
What are the categories of elderly sexual abuse?
Contact and non-contact offense
Why should you include every detail in the report for investigators?
Could help determine the suspects MO
What is included in counterfeit bank notes?
Counterfeit checks (personal to payroll), money orders, traveler's Cheques, postal money orders are included under this code
Possession of forged bank notes
Counterfeit currency
What is the only economic crime that a patrol officer is required to take an IBR for?
Counterfeit currency
What percentage of properties within a community must be considered as "physical blight" before they are required to be repaired? A) 10% B) 13% C) 16% D) none of the above
D) none of the above
While conducting a home security assessment the homeowner inquires about the use of exterior lighting at night. You should recommend which of the following? A) never to use any lights, it will save money B) use brightest lights possible, even if it shines on neighbors home C) XX D) none of the above
D) none of the above
The proper way to begin a search for a missing person/runaway is to: A) search all phone numbers first B) take a report C) put out a BOL D) search the last known location, then surrounding areas
D) search the last known location, then surrounding areas
Virginia State Code 46.2-920 is what?
Due regard of safety
T/F: it is a felony to utter to any business or individual depending on the amount
False, regardless of amount
Act involving violence, force, or threat resulting i bodily injury; places one in reasonable apprehension of death, sexual assault, or bodily injury committed by a person against such person's family or household member
Family abuse
Act involving violence, force, or threat resulting in bodily injury; places one in reasonable appprehension of death, sexual assault, or bodily injury committed by a person against such person's family or household member
Family abuse
Where a family member exhibits behavior that unsettles other family members or neighbors and to which law enforcement is called to intervene
Family disturbance
This is a term found in Virginia Code which includes the crimes of abuse of an elderly or incapacitated adult and abuse of children
Family offenses
Person has vehicle titled to another or has lien and sells vehicle without permission of owner or lien holder
Fraudulent conversion
An arrest process that begins in public and the suspect attempts to thwart the arrest by running into a residence
Hot pursuit
What does the Primer Residue Evidence Collection Kit tell us?
If someone was in an environment in which a firearm went off
What are the three conflict resolution techniques?
Mediation, negotiation, and arbitration
What is important about officer position in an intersection?
Move around to be sure that drivers can see you and place your body in a position where you can move your torso and head to see/move all aspects of traffic.
Who may request an ex parte emergency protective order?
Only a LEO
Code 18.2-308.2
Possession or transportation of firearms, ammunition, stun weapons, explosives or concealed weapons by convicted felons
The pressure of gas in the gastrointestinal system that may force bloody material from the nose and mouth
Post-mortem purging
Black Hebrew Israelites are __________ motivated
Racially
What are examples of contact offense elder sexual abuse?
Rape, sexual assault, kissing, oral sex
A magistrate must find what for a protective order in stalking cases?
Probable cause of further stalking
If you have multiple defendants you should do what?
Put all of their information in the same PD-3 and list them as co-defendants on the cover sheet and include all of their activities and interviews in your PD-3
Any material object that plays some role int he matter that gave rise to the litigation, introduced in a trial, intended to prove a fax tin issue based on the object's demonstrable physical characteristics
Real evidence
For an investigative detention an officer must have _________
Reasonable and articulable suspicion that a person has committed, is committing or is about to commit a crime
the general rule is that, to force and entry into a home, ________ is required
a warrant
What are all factors to consider before conducting an interrogation?
The age, mental faculties, prior arrest record, and sobriety
What does the chain of custody establish?
The alleged evidence is related to the alleged crime
As with any operation, the success of the mission will be determined by ________
The amount of planning that goes into the operation
Informants are not authorized to use illegal substances unless ___________
Their safety is an issue (someone's got a gun to their head, being forced to try it, their life is in danger)
Whose responsibility is it to ensure crime victims are advised of their rights and to assist them through the court process?
Victim-Witness Program
This type of domestic terrorism group believe that federal, state, and local governments operate illegally
Sovereign citizens
T/F: code 15.2-1719 does not apply to firearms or bicycles
True
T/F: consent can be withdrawn at anytime
True
T/F: documentation of that scene/victim how you saw it is essential
True
T/F: for a missing persons ay potential evidence must be collected, preserved and maintained in accordance with Departmental procedures
True
T/F: if a child is within a household in which family violence has occurred, child protective services must also be notified even if the child is not the victim or intended victim of the violence
True
T/F: if a juvenile has been tried as an adult, they can no longer be tried as a juvenile in JDRC and all future charges must be on a warrant (not petition)
True
T/F: officers are not required to take an IBR for worthless checks
True
T/F: the Virginia Freedom of Information Act states that affairs of government cannot be conducted in secrecy and all public records shall be presumed open unless an exemption applies
True
T/F: you should document items seized for prosecution prior to forfeiture
True
T/F: you should notate if the victim interview was recorded
True
why do we need a good stance?
maximizes the officer's field of view, allows for freedom of movement, maintains the officer's balance during recoil, allows for rapid and accurate follow up shots, keeps the officer's body armor facing the threat
Evidence of crime and/or contraband which is discovered during a lawful inventory _______ (may/may not) be seized and used in a resulting criminal trial
may
a private security personnel ________ (may/may not) make an arrest for shoplifting offense that occurred in the presence of another employee
may
what are the elements of a good wrist lock?
not a strength issue, a learned technique, the tendons and ligaments of the wrist are tightened to allow for no movement of the hands at the wrist join, and established after sights are aligned
if, during lawful frisk activity, an officer feels something that is likely to be contraband or other evidence of crime, the officer may do what?
attempt to obtain consent form the person to retrieve the item or the officer may proceed under a different search theory (plan feel doctrine)
how can OC, CS, and CN be deployed?
barricade penetrating rounds, flame-less expulsion grenades, and blast deliveries, small and large volume aerosols
the operator of an ASP baton should aim for _______________ and if possible aim for __________
center mass of whatever target area they are attempting to strike; whatever target area is presented by the suspect and closest to the operator
what factors do courts consider when it comes to parents consenting to a search of a child's bedroom?
child's age, whether there is regular access by the parent to the room, and/or whether rent is being paid by the child
what are some common hazards to pursuing?
children, pedestrians, skateboarders, bicyclists, cars, buses, mopeds, proceeding through intersections, and animals
deadly force is not limited to just firearms, it can also include:
choke holds/neck restraints, strikes to the head, and vehicle
Both dangerous dog and vicious dog are __________ and there are no _______ for the determination
civil findings; criminal penalties
if the owner of a dog deemed dangerous fails to comply with the requirement of the law it is a ________
class 1 misdemeanor
if you are hazing a gang member you are going to be found guilty of a _____________
class 1 misdemeanor
if a dog deemed dangerous attacks/kills another dog or cat it is a ____________
class 2 misdemeanor
what are the three types of searches?
consensual, carroll, inventory
if the clinician supports the ECO then he/she will ________-
contact the magistrate who will issue a TDO
police officers who come to the school in their usual law enforcement capacity must _________
continue to operate within their usual probable cause standard and search warrant requirements
the principles of human movement with the ASP increases your ability to ________________, while decreasing ____________
control a confrontation; chance of injury
the verification of the accuracy of information received
corroboration
in a ________ the state accuses a person of having failed in his duty to obey the law. any violation or ordinance that subjects the offender to public punishment
criminal hearing
The Miranda rule applies only when there is _______ and _______
custody and interrogation
the objective reasonableness requires examination of only _______________
objective circumstances and a "reasonable" officer's response to them
standard does not involve subjective inquiries into the law enforcement officer's thoughts, feelings, and motivations
objective reasonableness
what type of lighting do you want to apply while fingerprinting?
oblique
Before you euthanize a deer or bear with your firearm you should do what?
obtain permission from your supervisor and notify dispatcher you are going to or have discharger your weapon
what is an alternative defense of firing at a moving vehicle?
officer moving out of the path of the vehicle
what is the main purpose and justifying theory of a frisk search?
officer protection
what is the basis for liability?
defendant was obliged to do or not do something and the plaintiff suffered damages as a result of the defendant's failure to comply with that obligation
when describing what is to be seized or the evidence the effort should be to _________________
describe the item or person well enough to make it unlikely that the wrong thing or person will be seized (name, age, race, gender, and as detailed a physical description as is available)
in order to be valid, an arrest warrant must:
describe the offense, command the law enforcement officer to arrest the person identified and bring him before a judicial officer, and be signed by the issuing authority
what is the first major component of a search warrant application?
describing both the places to be searched and the person(s) and/or thing(s) to be seized
all verbalization used should be ____________
documented in situational reports
an officer ______ (does/does not) have to inform. person of "all possible topics: or of the nature of the investigation as part of an advice of Miranda rights
does not
the use of commerce entranceways such as driveways or walkways to go directly to a front door usually _________ (does/does not) amount to a 4th amendment intrusion
does not
when are police required to inform suspects of their right to remain silent?
during custodial interrogations
when does the right to silence exist?
during every police interrogation (custodial and non-custodial)
when are the two most difficult times to drive?
dusk and dawn
what are the elements of a civil case?
duty, breach of this duty, proximate cause, and damage
this exception requires an objectively reasonable basis for believing that someone needs medical assistance or is in danger
emergency aid exception
in a low light situation, we need ______________
enough ambient or artificial light to positively identify a threat before firing
T/F - nonconsensual withdrawal of blood, stomach pumping, and surgical procedures, as examples typically do not require a search warrant or similar court order
false
T/F - private security personnel may not make an arrest at location contracted to protect for an offense that occurs in his presence
false
T/F - someone may not limit the scope of a search when they give consent and they may not revoke consent once a search has started
false
when does the 5th amendment right to counsel attach?
only when a person is in arras-type custody and is to be interrogated by police
how can you introduce cocaine into the body?
orally, application, injection, snorting
the babe of OC is _______, of CS is _______, and of CN is _________
orange, blue, red
if you see 6 popping and 5 dropping what can you assume?
gang related and possibly has to do with the crips
state code 15.2-1700 is known as ________
preservation of peace and good order
________ is the first line of defense with the ASP
hand position
are scented candles a type of inhalant?
no
can you touch hallucinogens with bare hands?
no
can you use reasonable suspicion to search a vehicle?
no
does the VBPD report all crimes by IBR only?
no
what kind of fingerprints can you process on scene?
non-porous, dry, smooth surfaces
what are three classes of wrongdoings?
nonfeasance, malfeasance, and misfeasance
the criminal intelligence unit is an example of what kind of resource?
local
what are some causes of a failure to feed?
magazine not seated properly, broken or dirty magazine, or dirty weapon
_________ is doing some act which is wholly wrong; conduct which interferes with official duties
malfeasance
what does THC come from?
marijuana
________ results when police administrators, supervisors and managers are held personally responsible for acts of subordinate officers. high degree of accountability
vicarious liability
a canine that has (i) killed a person; (ii) inflicted serious injury to a person, or (iii) continued to exhibit the behavior that resulted in a previous finding by a court
vicious dog
words or statements from a subject that are not prompted by interrogation
voluntary statements
for a consent to be valid it must be ___________
voluntary, given without undue coercion or duress
a voluntary relinquishment or giving up of known rights
waiver
which of the following is not a technique for staying awake during surveillance? a) coffee b) watching a movie c) taking notes d) changing potions or assignments
watching a movie
verbalization helps the subject _____________ and also helps bystanders _______________
what is expected; understand what the operator is trying to do, it turns bystanders into witnesses
when does the 6th amendment right to counsel attach?
when someone is formally charged with a crime
if extra-ordinary breaching methods, distraction methods, or use of force/weapons are deployed they must be ________________
reasonable at the time used
several federal appeals courts have approved a short extension of the stop for unrelated questions, justifying it is a _________________, or finding that the times spent on unrelated questioning was a ____________
reasonable detention under a "totality of the circumstances" evaluation, "de minims" intrusion
there is no constitutionally-protected privacy expectation in the property except for ____________
that portion of the property which immediately surrounds the home
Tennessee v Garner determined what?
that the use of deadly force to prevent the escape of all felony suspect, whatever the circumstances, is constitutionally unreasonable. with an imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury directed towards the officer or another, the harm resulting from failing to apprehend the suspect does not justify the use of deadly force
officer's skillful manipulation of trigger without disturbing his sight picture
trigger control
T/F - SCOTUS ruled that "it would be unrealistic to require officers to always inform detainees that they are free to go before a consent to search may be deemed voluntary"
true
T/F - a parent generally may consent to the search of the bedroom of a child
true
T/F - any citizen may make a warrantless arrest for any felony or breach of the peace that occurs in his presence
true
T/F - falsely claiming to possess a search warrant will void consent to search a residence
true
T/F - if, during a lawful warrantless search, items which are immediately apparent to be evidence of crime are discovered, those items may be seized then and there under the plain view doctrine of warrantless seizure even if they are unconnected to the evidence and/or crime(s) which were the original justification for the warrantless search
true
T/F - occasionally, exigent circumstances may excuse the warrant requirement, such as where there is an immediate need to gather evidence of rapidly changing blood alcohol content of a drunk driver after an accident involving serious injuries or fatalities
true
T/F - persons in a public area may not be automatically frisked
true
T/F - persons present at the scene of a search warrant execution usually may be detained during the search
true
T/F - persons present on a private premises are not necessarily subject to frisk and/or full search just because they are on the premises where a search warrant is executed
true
T/F - when an officer is off-duty within his jurisdiction he has the same powers of arrest as when on duty provided officer identifies himself as a law enforcement officer
true
for hate crimes if there is an answer as all of the above that is the answer
true
t/f : if an officer wishes to carry a weapon off duty, officers are highly encouraged to carry department issued weapons while off duty
true
t/f : utilizing a flashlight while shooting is basically shooting strong hand only
true
t/f: opium gum that is extracted from the poppy plant is used in the chemical manufacturing of heroin
true
t/f: the following are methods used for initiating conducting and concluding surveillance the success of mission will be determined by the amount of planning that goes into the operation, also ensuring that the right personnel and the right equipment are being used properly, the team members should be fully debriefed at the conclusion of the surveillance
true
In order for the third offense of concealment/shoplifting to be a qualify for a class 6 felony they must have ____________
two prior convictions for larceny
glock does not suggest the use of ____________
ultra-sonic cleaners
in all cases of positional asphyxia, the subject is _______
unable to correct the lethal position, whether he/she is place or inadvertently places himself that way
only ________ assertions constitute valid assertions of rights; __________ assertions of rights are not binding on police
unambiguous and unequivocal; ambiguous and equivocal
in order to perform the necessary elements of defensive tactics in a satisfactory manner, officers must _____________
understand the underlying philosophy, principles and fundamentals of control and counter-measures relative to defensive tactics
where should you not store firearms?
unlocked cabinets, closets, night stands, etc that will not keep them safe from inquisitive people
When addressed with an attacking or threatening dog you should do what?
use an aggressive stance, do not run, avoid staring, get something between you and animal, try using commands, and do not corner the animal
examples of deadly force may include:
use of a firearm/edges weapons; use of carotid choke holds; and use of a vehicle as deadly force
____________ in any confrontation is very important and practice during training is critical
verbal exchange
what are reasonable alternatives to lethal force?
verbal negotiations, less lethal, K-9, swat
what are some pre-assault indicators?
verbal statements, repetitive phrases, target glancing, clenching of fists, assuming a fighting stance, removal of clothing jewelry hat etc, weight shifting
when a bail bondsman is attempting to arrest he must:
verbally notify occupants of a residence before entering to effect the arrest, notify law enforcement within on e hour after arrest; and not violate nay Virginia law in making the arrest
police officers should do what before they search a probationer or parolee without a warrant or probable cause?
verify their status in respect to specific conditions of suspiconless searches
For destruction of property, if any person intentionally causes such injury, he shall be guilty of (i) a class 1 misdemeanor if the value of or damage to the property, memorial or monuments is less than _______ or (ii) a class 6 felony if the value of or damage to the property, memorial or monument is _________
$1000; $1000 or more
Any person person who commits larceny from the person of another, of money or other thing of value, of ________ or not from the person of another, of goods and chattels of the value of ______ is a felony
$5.00; $500
The value of of the motor vehicle must be _________ to constitute grand larceny and a felony
$500 or more
"the question is whether the officers' actions are _______________ in light of the facts and circumstances confronting them, without regard to their underlying intent or motivation"
'objectively reasonable'
Under 4.1-304 people who can't buy alcohol states that no person shall sell alcohol to nay person:
(I) less than 21 years of age (II) interdicted, or (III) intoxicated
Under 4.1-305 unlawful possession of alcohol states that the following people shall not consume, purchase or possess, or attempt to consume, purchase or possess, any alcohol beverage:
(I) less than 21 years of age (II) interdicted, or (III) intoxicated
Pros of using barricades
- Can be used for long term direction - Limit access to specific locations - Easily visible from a distance - Sturdy during inclement weather - Can be used for high volume traffic
When rescuer responds in what will you have to do?
- Direct them through the scene especially in major cases because rescues can inadvertently destroy evidence -guide them around the important evidence and point out to them what should not be touched
Pros of using cones
- Good for long term use - Easily removed - Can be used for high volume traffic (lower speed)
What do you do if you come across a malfunctioning light?
- Identify the proper device - Provide the proper location - Identify the defect - Assess how urgent the repair is - Identify what the traffic flow is like.
What circumstances are considered under the purchase, possession or transportation of firearm by persons involuntarily admitted or ordered to outpatient treatment; penalty?
- Involuntarily admitted to a mental health facility -Ordered to mandatory outpatient treatment - Ordered to a facility as the result of a commitment hearing
Cons of using cones
- Limited visibility due to height - Often easily moved by vehicles/weather/pedestrians
What are situations that might require control of traffic?
- Malfunctioning light - Accident - Holidays - Construction - Crowds
Cons of using barricades
- Not easily portable - May require assistance in set up and removal
How do we get traffic moving again?
- Point to driver of stopped vehicle - Give two short whistle blows - Motion driver to move in the direction needed
What should you do if there is an accident at your intersection?
- Radio for assistance - Set up equipment to ensure driver/pedestrian safety - Provide necessary traffic control, if possible - Notify appropriate tow agency if necessary - Notify owner of location of towed vehicle - Answer any questions/make appropriate referrals
What is the proper body/arm positioning to move traffic?
- Shoulders parallel to the traffic to be moved - Extend right arm and hand full length to the height of shoulders towards such traffic - Fingers extended and joined with palm down - Bring hand sharply in direction traffic is to move - Repeat with left arm for opposing traffic
What is the correct body posture for stopping traffic?
- Stand with shoulders parallel to moving traffic - Raise arms 45 degrees above shoulder with hand extended -palm towards moving traffic to be stopped
What are key points about stopping/slowing traffic?
- Stop traffic at natural gaps - Do not attempt to stop traffic quickly - Wait for all traffic to come to a stop prior to leaving traffic lanes - Be aware of large trucks for they do not stop suddenly
What are types of patrol officer assistance?
- look around for records while in houses or searching cars -talk to neighbors or other potential witnesses about illegal activity -notify vice unit to respond and assist as needed when detectives arrive on scene -be observant of people with sports like books inside bars -document information/complete necessary reports and forward to vice unit
How to request assistance from an SID?
- notify your supervisor - your supervisor will notify the supervisor in our office responsible for that location and/or type of investigation - all contact should be made supervisor to supervisor
things to do during assessment for medical treatment after use of force include:
- observe and identify any injuries - look over suspect completely - photograph if possible - transport to hospital (if needed) - identify source of injury (weapons, etc) - extent/seriousness of injury - location on body - parties involved - if and how the suspect was treated (medical) - inquire if there are any unseen injuries (eyes, etc)
what are some physiological/psychological effects of use of force?
- stress - "fight, flight, freeze or faint respond" - autonomic nervous system kick in: (pupils dilate, hair stands on end; heart rate increases; respiratory system; liver-creates instant energy; blood flow redirected)
What is the criteria for issuance of an amber alert?
-17 years of age or younger, and law enforcement agency believes child has been abducted -abducted child is in imminent danger of serious bodily harm or death -verification of abduction or eliminated alternative explanations by LEA -sufficient information is available to disseminate to the public that could assist in locating the child, suspect, and/or suspect's vehicle -child must be entered into VCIN and NCIC immediately
Punishment for having a concealed weapon
-1st offense: Class 1 Misdemeanor -2nd offense: Class 6 felony 3rd or subsequent offense: class 5 felony
What else is beneficial for hotel/motel interdictions?
-24 hour access to law enforcement -staff feels comfortable when relationship is formed w/ investigators -consider speaking engagements by investigators w/ hotel motel staff -establish contacts w/ hotel/motel association -staff becomes your "eyes and ears" -may be used in conjunction with other forms of interdiction to establish patterns
Who can you go to as a resource for civil matters?
-Attorneys -Clerks of the court -Consumer protection agencies
Concealed weapon indicators
-Bulges in pockets/waistbands -inappropriate attire -shirt tails out/baggy attire -person checks. The area where the weapon is being carried -weapon paraphernalia -turning body to keep weapon away
Punishments for convicted felon in possession of a firearm.
-Class 6 felony -Previously convicted of violent felony: 5 years -previously convicted of any other felony within 10 years: 2 year mandatory sentence
Considerations for approaches
-Communicate the nature of complaint to offenders -officer safety considerations -accurate information on the nature of complaint
For the following violations, the juvenile must be released to the custody of a parent or legal guardian ad the parent/guardian signs the summons acknowledging the commitment to appear with the child. A subpoena should also be requested for the parent/guardian:
-DUI -Driving After Illegal Consumption -BUI -Any other alcohol related offense
Contact officer
-Gives verbal commands -conducts pad downs/search -contact officer covers, until cover officer arrives
Handcuffing
-Handcuff with hands to rear -Policy does not mandate everyone to be cuffed -you should handcuff before you conduct a search incident to arrest
What documentation do you need to complete for death cases?
-IBR -FI cards -Evidence vouchers -tow forms -blue team -memorandum to lead investigator
Who can issue an arrest warrant?
-Judge -Clerk of any circuit, general, or family court -Magistrate and Supreme Court of VA
When an officer may call upon a bystander for assistance
-Life of the officer or the other person may be saved by bystander assistance -a crime may be prevented and the risk to bystander and public is not grave
What are some available resources for gathering details for investigation?
-National Crime Information Network -Virginia Crime Information Network -Department of Motor Vehicles -Probation and Parole -Criminal Histories -Arrest records -retail merchant credit checks -US Postal Service -military records -other law enforcement agencies -crime analysis -automatic fingerprint identification -employers or former employers -family members -spouse or ex-spouse -surveillance cameras -public records -utilities -health records -terrorist screening center -Virginia Fusion center
What is interdiction involved with and responsible for?
-Parcels (UPS, FedEx, Airborne, US Postal) -hotel/motel -bus terminals -storage facilities -NDC's (Narcotic Detection Canines)
What are some crime scene responsibilities?
-Take accurate notes on the crime scene condition -request forensics (supervisor approval) -you are responsible for directing the forensic specialist and working the scene
What do you do when you first recover narcotics?
-Try to take a picture where the narcotics were located before collection. -Place narcotics in appropriate container for transportation (not in your pocket!) -Gloves!- always wear gloves when retrieving narcotics from person or place when feasible. -maintain chain of custody
Techniques for Pat down and search
-Verbal directions to give -placement of single or multiple suspects in a pre pat down position - placement of single or multiple subjects in a standing, kneeling, and prone search position. -control and suspect security -safely retrieving and securing weapons or contraband -communicating relevant information to the cover officer
Pre-assault indicators
-Verbal statements -repetitive phrases -target glancing -clenching of fists -assuming a fighting stance -removal of clothing -weight shifting
What questions do you ask and indicate when taking a motor vehicle theft reports?
-Victim will prosecute? - Unknown / known suspect? - When vehicle was last seen? - Was vehicle locked? - Does the victim have all keys? - Was there an extra key in or on vehicle? - Is there a lien on the vehicle and are they behind on payments? - Enter into NCIC before you clear from the case.
Concealed weapons/contraband
-Waistband and pockets -between limbs, armpits, behind knees, buttocks -headgear -hair -layered clothings -underwear -socks -shoes
What does the Government data collection and dissemination practices act state?
-a citizen's privacy is affect by the collection and use of their personal information -Agencies shall safeguard citizens personal information -No personal information systems can be secret -Information shall not be collected unless there is a need -Agencies shall take precautions to protect from misuse
What are the circumstances permitting a request of bystander assistance?
-a crime may be prevented and the risk to the bystander and public is not grave -life of the officer or other person may be saved by bystander assistance
A LEO or allegedly abused person presents evidence and a judge or magistrate finds:
-a warrant for domestic assault has been issued -probable cause for a domestic violence warrant currently exists -reasonable grounds exist to believe an act of family abuse has been committed and there is probable danger of further acts
Photographic evidence must be:
-accurate -reliable -relevant
What are the requirements for family abuse?
-act involving violence, force, or threat resulting in bodily injury -places one inn reasonable apprehension of death, sexual assault, or bodily injury -committed by a person against such person's family or household member
What should you do during a show-up?
-advise victim/witness to tell you only if they can identify the person that committed the crime -avoid questions regarding their level of certainty (scale of 1-10) -one victim/witness show up at a time. Never allow victim/witness to know what others said during a show-up -take detailed/verbatim notes on what victim/witness said
If any person without authority of law goes upon or remains upon the lands, buildings or premises of another, or any portion or area thereof:
-after having been forbidden to do so, either orally or in writing -or after having been forbidden to do so by a sign -after having been prohibited from doing so by a court
what requirements do you have for fingerprinting juveniles?
-age -type of crime -charged with certain types of crimes -maintain their records independently from adult records -destroy as appropriate
For a missing person what should you include in the IBR?
-all medications -any "hideouts" -scars, marks and tattoos -conversations about leaving and where the victim would go -special or secret hide-a-way -any notes left by victim
What are you required to review with the medical examiner?
-all pertinent case information -crime scene details -examination of decedent -medical history -weapons -clothing -witness statements
If FSU is needed, please do the following:
-already be on scene -ensure the scene is safe -have the scene ready for them -make sure you have already spoken with the detective
What is your game plan for an interrogation?
-always start with an interview before an interrogation (getting basic who, what, where, when, why) -identify a style of interviewing/interrogating/questioning that you want to use (matter of fact, sympathetic, hostile, apathetic, face saving, complimentary)
What do you do when answering a citizen request via telephone (to desk office not 911)?
-answer promptly, courteous and professional -evaluate call -collect information -close the conversation -respond appropriately
What questions should you call during preliminary investigation of missing persons?
-any fights, disagreements, etc -any places the victim is known frequent -name of close friends -other family members -any medication -mental illness -where was the victim located for previous incidents -does the victim have a case worker with Human Services
what is the process of collecting latent fingerprints?
-apply powder -use flashlight to apply oblique lighting -apply tape -lift tape at 45 degree angle -apply to lift card -complete appropriate paperwork
What are the ways to qualify an informant?
-arrest records -addresses & telephone numbers -DMV information -place of employment/VEC checks -acquaintances/associates -confirm their personal knowledge of a crime -controlled narcotics purchases
What things may add enhanced penalties for assault and battery?
-assault or battery is based on race, religion, color, or national origin -against a judge, magistrate, LEO, correctional officer, firefighter, emergency medical services provider health care provider (during performance of duties) -against teachers, principals, guidance counselors (during performance of duties)
What are the techniques of establishing a security perimeter?
-assign an officer to possible points of entry/exit to restrict unauthorized entry or exit -assign an officer to record everyone who enters or exits -rope off crime scene areas -media allowed anywhere citizen are allowed
What are the types of calls for service?
-attempt suicide -property dispute -domestic dispute -emotionally upset individual -fight call
What may require a need for specialized assistance at crime scene?
-availability of resources -nature of the crime (police dog, forensic specialist, subject matter expert) -scene integrity -safety considerations
What do field interview cards have?
-basic data (name, address, phone number, date/time of day -complete representation of facts -neat, proper grammar and spelling
Preliminary investigation steps
-be sure to determine if it is still in progress, is the suspect still on the premises, ad how much time has elapsed since the offense -calm victim/seek appropriate medical attention -identify/separate witnesses -secure the crime scene/protect evidence
What are the most common wounds?
-blunt force -sharp force -avulsion -burns
Upon arrival of the SI detective what should you do?
-brief detective on case circumstances -advise detective of any statement(s) the suspect(s) may have made -advise detective of any potential problems (evidence handling, interviewing)
What are the enforcement techniques for narcotic investigations?
-buy/walk -buy/bust -surveillance -street buys -search warrants
when can a suspect be lawfully fingerprinted?
-charged with a felony -charged with a class I or class II misdemeanor -convicted of the above (photograph of arrestee must also be taken and accompany fingerprints) -with informed consent from the individual
What are the important things to do at the scene of a burglary the soonest?
-check for injuries or death -determine if the crime is still in progress or how much time has elapsed -locate point of entry -assist as needed at the scene -protect the scene relative to the crime -check with supervisor to determine if follow-up investigation will be required -notify detective, media relations officer, etc -locate witnesses -complete the appropriate reports
How do you respond to suspicious fires?
-check for injury -protect crime scene -locate witnesses -assist as needed on scene -check with sergeant for follow-up -complete necessary reports -notify proper authorities; arson investigator -timeline
How do you have scene control at a robbery scene?
-check for injury or death -render first aid -restore order -notify proper authorities -utilize K9, Air unit. Direct assist units -secure the crime scene
What is the preliminary investigation of firearm/weapon offenses?
-check for injury/death -notify proper authorities -protect crime scene -locate witnesses -assist as needed -check with supervisor if follow-up is needed -complete necessary reports (PD487) -if still in progress (hate crime):(suspect on premisses, time elapsed)
How do you examine decedent?
-check for obvious trauma -inspect body closer -underneath the body -feel body temperature -check for petechial hemorrhaging in eyes and face -victim's belongings -evidence of distress or struggle -can the decedent's current body position be rationally explained -is body position consistent with lucidity and rigor?
How do you verify for an arrest warrant?
-check name, DOB, SSN -check information on warrant -check description of suspect -check whether custodial arrest authorized or if summons
What are the five types of administrative investigations that IA do?
-citizen complaints -internal investigations -firearms discharges -inquiries -information cases
What occurs during a muster briefing?
-communication between shifts -duty assignments/changes -current information covered -opportunity for questions/clarification -others as may be identified
What are some possible cognitive functions and limitations for elder victim interviews?
-confusion, dementia/Alzheimer's disease -depression -side effects of medications -other mental or medical conditions -generational differences that may lead to communications issues -victim's stamina and mobility
What are interview strategies for elder victims?
-consider needs for transportation and accessibility for follow interviews and court -collaborate with health care providers if needed -in all cases of abuse, neglect, and/or financial exploitation, APS must be contacted and the case will be worked jointly with DVU -attempt to locate appropriate witnesses to assist with investigations of such cases
How do you respond to a prowler complaint?
-coordinate response with back up units -keep complainant inside -tactical approach (vehicle placement, cover/concealment, observe area) -request additional resources (K9, air unit) -observe escape routes -complete FI card (if you have no other evidence)
How do you respond to a residential alarm?
-coordinate response with back-up units -tactical approach (vehicle placement, cover/concealment, observe area, avoid police noises) Security check of area -contact complainant or responsible party (responding?, interior check, clear with "B")
How do you respond to a silent/hold-up alarm?
-coordinate with assist units (direct units to cover all exits, direct units to control traffic, request additional units if necessary) -tactical approach (avoid complacency, park out of sight, avoid police noises, cover/concealment, observe area) -selection of response route (traffic considerations: construction, accidents, weather, time of day) -tactical approach to location -communicate with the manager or person through dispatch or telephone (determine if suspect still on premises or has left, false alarm, responsible party is to exit and meet officer in safe location away from business) -if suspect still on premises, maintain cover and treat as hostage situation
What are supervisor responsibilities for missing person cases?
-coordinating searches -determining appropriate resources (K-9 dogs, search and rescue, air unit, marine patrol, mounted unit, activation of ICS)
How do Exercise scene control?
-crime scene tape/utilize police vehicles/other officers -close business/parking lot -DO NOT let outsiders enter the crime scene (managers and corporate people-document everyone, utilize alternate entrance to business if available)
what kind of late fingerprints need to be collected in the lab or by FSU?
-crinkled surfaces -moist surfaces -galvanized metal -paper -unpainted wood -prints in blood or other liquids -plastic bags -ferris metals -items containing other evidence - blood etc - textured surfaces - painted wood
What are examples of CHINS issues?
-curfew -truancy -not following household rules -runaway
For the suspect interview what do you need to include in case file?
-date, time, and location of interview -custodial or non-custodial and if they were mirandized -state if suspect understood Miranda and if they voluntarily waived (date; time and location of Miranda) -if no Miranda, state why not -the statement is made under conditions that provide for no duress, threats, or promises -include statements word for word -new paragraph if new contact -different heading/page for each suspect if there is more than one -method used to document interview must be listed
Stalking is when a perso who has, on more than one occasion, placed someone in FEAR OF:
-death -sexual assault -bodily injury To the victim or to the victim's family/household member
What are the 4 types of informants?
-defendant -professional -good citizen -walk in informants
What type of information may you be able to get from other agencies?
-descriptive information -information about other crimes -knowledge of possible location of suspects -identity of family, friends, associates, and co-workers -suspect's occupation -the suspect's modus operandi -peculiarities of the suspect
When may an officer take a juvenile into immediate physical custody?
-detention order -child in need or services and (i) there is a clear danger to child's safety/health (ii) the custody is necessary to ensure child's appearance in court -Juvenile commits offense in your presence and you believe the custody is for protection of public -commissions of misdemeanor involved shoplifting, assault and battery, or carrying a weapon on school property -juvenile has committed a felony -juvenile has run away form a court-ordered facility -for mental health treatment -has run away from home or is without supervision at night and there is a danger to the juvenile's welfare -curfew violations
What are Officer responsibilities with protective orders?
-determine if family abuse or an act of violence has occurred -is there potential for further violence? Is it probable that the suspect will harm or put the victim in reasonable fear of harm in the future? -when it is established that family abuse has occurred, you are required to obtain an emergency protective order on behalf of the victim. You are required to petition the magistrate for an emergency protective order via phone, teleconference, telephonic orders, or in person
What do field interviews help do?
-develops information and informants -identifies suspicious persons in your area -deters crime -develops potential suspects
What are the techniques for a safe approach to subjects on foot/patrol vehicle?
-do not drive up next to suspect -use patrol car as cover -eyes on suspect at all times - approach suspect from behind if possible -visually frisk the suspect -keep safe distance
For sex crimes maintaining logic and reason, preserve evidence by:
-don't allow victim to use bathroom but if she must, save any used tissue -do not allow the victim to eat, drink or smoke, unless it has already been done since the offense -if their clothes have been changed, try to obtain those they were wearing during the offense -do not allow the victim ot shower ad change for comfort
What are negative elements of field contacts/intelligence sources?
-drug users/dealers -thieves -street people -gangs (rival)
What are the proper procedures to establish and track chain of custody of evidence?
-establish custody by marking evidence with proper rages -secure and protect the evidence or property -document all persons handling the evidence or property -document all persons handling the evidence or property during recovery, removal, transport, storage, and release
What is the process for prosecuting an arrested person?
-establish probable cause/reason for arrest -make physical arrest -obtain warrants before magistrate -turn over to Sheriff's Department -courtroom testimony -appeals?
What is the protocol for responding to noise complaints?
-evaluate complaint -obtain owner or manager's information -progressive enforcement (warning, summons, arrest)
What are the steps for responding to a property dispute?
-evaluate the words and behavior of parties involved -safely approach the hostile parties -establish contact with the hostile parties -use appropriate voice inflection and projection
What are the arrival tactics when responding to a domestic dispute?
-evaluation of the conflict or crisis scene -maintaining officer safety precautions -negotiating, mediating, or arbitrating the conflict or crisis situation
How do you calm an upset individual/situation communicate an emergency message?
-facial expressions -body stances -eye contact -voice (volume, tone, control, inflection, projection) -cultural awareness -Language use (direct, common terms, avoid slang, state info factually, officer assistance) -local customs
How should you complete a report based on an interview?
-facts related to the crime -events preceding crime -write synopsis (summarize statements, use functional not literary, accurate, reliable, objective, remove grammar/spelling errors, complete as possible) -good listening techniques -open-ended questions -clarification of slang -simple, focused language -listening body language (casual observation, feedback language, complete information on interviewee)
What are some interview styles?
-factual -sympathetic -hostile -apathetic -face-saving -complimentary
What are factors contributing to biased policing?
-family influence -culture -religion -race -gender -environment, geographic influences -socio-economic influences -sexual orientation
What are positive elements of field contacts/intelligence sources?
-fellow officers -neighbors/residents -service personnel -civic groups -others
Chemical evidence sometimes may require additional aid such as:
-fire investigators -bomb squad -HAZMAT
What are the steps to preliminary investigation of a natural death?
-focus is on the decedent -interview complainant/finder (usually best source of victim information) -victimology (ext of kin, medical history, doctor, dentist) -last known alive/time of death -any recent illnesses/medical problems -locate decedent's wallet/purse (check contents for identification) -locate cell phone (check last outgoing call/test, most accurate way to determine time of death) -locate prescription medications (list all in report, pill count, PCP information; doctor name and phone #, collect and voucher bottles as evidence)
Counterfeit bank notes is if any person:
-forge any coin, note or bill current by law or usage in this Commonwealth or any note or bill of a banking company -fraudulently make any base coin, or a note or bill purporting to be the note or bill of a banking company, when such company does not exist -utter or attempt to employ as true knowing it to be false -knowing it to be so
What are the types of prescription frauds?
-forgeries -altered RX -doctor shopping -call-ins -health professionals diverting -physician over prescribing
As with other types of abuse, you should look for what when investigating elder abuse?
-frequent and/or suspicious bruising, cuts, abrasions, hand-marks, lacerations, scrapes or scratches -look for bruises in protected areas of the body, where bruises are not common due to falls, etc -look for inappropriate clothing for the weather that may be hiding injuries or bruising
What is intelligence involved with and responsible for?
-gangs -hate crimes -graffiti -animal rights groups -abortion clinics -SID 1 reports
What do you fo when conducting a preliminary investigation?
-gather information -who, what, when, where, why, and how -collect as much basic information as possible prior to calling a detective -interview complainant (best source of victim information) -victimology (next of kin, medical history, doctor, dentist)
What are questioning types for witnesses?
-get facts related to the crime -events preceding the crime -good listening techniques and encourage the person to talk -clarification of words or slang -open ended questions -simple focused language
Why should we protect the crime scene when responding to a hate crime?
-hate crimes have unique aspects -they have extensive impact on the community -recovered evidence is extremely important in prosecuting hate crimes
What are the manners of death?
-homicide -suicide -natural -accidental -undetermined
What are the types of interdictions?
-hotel/motel -highway -bus -storage facilities -parcel -train -airport
What are some things to be aware of for communication skills?
-identify audiences that may require an officer to adjust their manner of communication -voice -tone -Control -body stances
What is important to remember when interviewing child/elderly crime victim?
-identify language ability level -identify emotional capability -be compassionate and non-judgmental -ensure victim is comfortable and understands the purpose of the interview -adjust language to help child understand questions -identify special circumstances needed to interview mentally challenged victim
How do you protect a death crime scene?
-identify possible evidence (mark with cards, cones, or empty cups; document chain of custody; do not leave evidence unattended) -deny access to all unauthorized personnel (officers and supervisors not directly involved stay behind the tape, no civilians inside the scene that aren't already detained, make proper notifications via Chain of Command)
When interviewing victims you should :
-identify the language ability of the victim -identify the emotional and physical capability of the victim -be compassionate and non-judgmental -ensure the victim is comfortable and understands the purpose of the interview -identify special circumstances and see if assistance is needed to interview a mentally challenged victim
What are things to keep in mind when interviewing a child?
-identify the language ability of the victim; adjust your language accordingly -identify emotional/physical capability -communicate in a compassionate, non-judgmental manner but be careful about being "too agreeable". You want to remain neutral -ensure victim is comfortable and understands why you are there
What are the important things for neighborhood canvases?
-identify the scope of area -conducted on same day of week and same time as crime -document everything -ID how information can be utilized -plan and coordinate information to determine "Who, What, Where, When, Why, and how of the crime"
How do you investigate a suspicious vehicle?
-identify vehicle -what makes it suspicious? -time of day -location -consent v terry -safety considerations -license plate, make, model, color -is it occupied (#) -approach (overt or covert)
How do you locate witnesses?
-immediate surrounding area -work simultaneously (investigators will return for follow up interviews) -document every contact or attempted contact (don't make others repeat your work) -document vehicles leaving -note anything out of the ordinary -canvass could provide valuable information (note cameras in the area)
What are ways to verify victim identity?
-in person by family or friend -photo comparison by officer
What are computer crimes involved with and responsible for?
-indecent liberties on a child -use of a communications device to facilitate certain crimes against minor -distribution/possession of child pornography -computer/cellular phone forensics
How do you interview for a seizure?
-interview all parties claiming interest -avoid disclosing intent to seize property -ask who owns the property -any hidden assets? -cash down or payments made by who and paid with illegal proceeds? -where employed, last time paid, how much?
What are some tactical considerations while in foot pursuit?
-is subject armed? -continually look for an utilize cover -"slice the pie" and/or take corners wide -don't run at 100% -tunnel vision
Juveniles must be:
-kept separate from adults -removed from the adult jail population -transported separately from adults -under 15 shall not be transported in a wagon
What should be attached to the evidence section of the case file?
-lab reports and lab analysis -investigative or follow-up reports (photography reports, latent fingerprint reports, memos)
What are signs of deception?
-lack of eye contact -Repeated questions - Shifting in seat - Rapid heart rate/breathing - Posture and/or responses are inappropriate - Invoking God or a deceased family member power for affirmation of honesty - Crossed arms and legs - Excessive yawning or laughing - Dry mouth
What are some suspicious factors?
-ladders against building -lights out that are normally on -broken windows -furtive conduct -matches BOL -unlocked doors -locked doors when normally unlocked -vehicles on property after hours -unusual behavior
What are some victims of domestic violence obstacles?
-language barriers -mistrust of authority figures -fears of deportation and separation from children
What do you consider when determining integrity of victim/witness?
-length of time must be reasonable -accuracy of witness' prior description of criminal -level of certainty displayed by witness at show-up -length of time related to distance from crime scene
How do you inspect the body closer?
-lift and unfasten clothing to view torso -roll the body -inspect the face, head, neck
What are some safety considerations when searching a vehicle?
-look before reach -gloves -assist officer maintains control over occupants -no rush to remove item
How do you secure a death crime scene?
-make it big, we can shrink it later -consider where a TV News camera may setup -consider residents within the perimeter -consider foot and vehicle traffic -create buffer zones to separate authorized personnel from civilians -monitor "on-lookers" at the scene (suspects sometimes return)
What can you do for economic crimes?
-make sure the victim has all of the information they need to contact an ECU detective -assist them in protecting their information further by reminding them to contact the Credit Bureaus and all of their financial institutions -if you have a person in custody, attempt to contact and ECU detective, if they are not available, contact a precinct detective -make sure all evidence is gathered and wow here's, insure that this information is listed in the narrative of the IBR -let them know a detective will be contacting them in a few days, provide them with the number to the Bureau
What should you do if you have multiple victims in a case file?
-make the headings short and in same style as first -helps to keep them alphabetized or order of importance
What are the important things to remember for chain of custody?
-mark with tags -document persons handling evidence during recovery, removal, transport, storage and release -document return of property
What are the types of surveillance?
-mobile -stationary -electronic
What is required for a valid prescription?
-must be issued by a doctor -must be for a valid medical condition -must have a doctor/patient relationship -must be written within the scope of practice
What are the requirements to qualify for a child in need of service petition?
-must present a clear and substantial danger to life or health of child -child or family is in need of treatment -the court intervention is necessary to provide treatment
When taking a missing persons report you need to ensure to include:
-name -age of the runaway/missing person -date & time last seen -description/photograph -first time or previous incidents of running away/going missing -victim email or social networks -known/frequented hangouts -any possible suspicious circumstances involved -Friends/associates who victim may be with
What are the methods to locate witnesses?
-neighborhood canvas -phone records, answering machines, caller ID, and 911 tapes -talk to family, friends, co-workers -talk to service providers -area stores surveillance cameras -public records
What are the methods of responding to crimes in progress?
-no lights or siren (code 3) -covert -emergency if necessary -foot response -unmarked vehicle
What are techniques for building checks?
-observe area before approach -be mindful of lookouts -check vehicle in lots -foot vs mobile approach -minimize noise -look for any irregularities
Why do we do surveillance?
-obtain evidence of a crime -provide information for later use in interrogation -check reliability of informant -provide evidence for PC for search or arrest warrants -locate suspects -locate hidden property or contraband -protect undercover officer/informant -corroborate testimony -prevent a crime -develop leads and information received from other sources
What does proper scene security include?
-officer assigned to possible points of entry/exit -entry log -rope off crime scene areas
What is important when responding to a suicidal person?
-officer safety -determine means of attempt -advise supervisor -request additional resources -calm the person -establish rapport -try to identify problem -delay attempt -prepared to react -document all proceedings
What do you do when you arrive on scene of a death?
-officer safety -security sweep -where is the suspect? (Broadcast suspect info promptly) -check welfare of the victim(s) (request EMS/Render Aid; pronounce death/record time) -notify supervisor -preliminary determination of death (natural or unnatural) -if not clearly natural treat as a homicide until otherwise determined -locate and separate witnesses (relocate witnesses outside of the scene, get statements from EMS/Fire Dept, do not dismiss witnesses without approval)
How do you communicate the nature of complaint to offender?
-officer safety considerations -accurate information on nature of complaint -patience with offender -communication skills
When children are teh victims of suspected abuse/neglect the mandated response remains teh same:
-officers have a responsibility to take immediate action, determine if a crime was committed, protect the child, and report child abuse and neglect tot eh DHS/CPS -identify persons who may have relevant information of child abuse
Warrants may only be issued for a juvenile in the following cases:
-on an appeal of the intake Officer's decision -when a juvenile is in need of service or delinquent and the court is not open and the intake officer is not reasonably available
What are the types of prescribed drugs?
-opioids (pain killers) -central nervous system (CNS) -depressants -stimulants
What requirements must be met for the issuance of a senior alerts?
-over the age of 60 and suffers cognitive impairment/unable to care for themselves -disappearance poses a credible threat as determined by law-enforcement -a law enformcement investigation eliminated alternative explanations by a thorough search of the immediate area of vehicle travel is not involved -sufficient information is available to disseminate to the public for assistance -missing senior is entered in VCIN/NCIC -photograph is provided
In addition to traditional types of physical abuse such as hitting, kicking, or slapping elder abuse may also include:
-overmedicating -force feeding -restraining -smothering
What should you do with evidence at a burglary?
-package the actual items -take photographs of the items for court/commonwealth attorney -have the items processed by forensics (especially firearms) -check items in NCIC
When approaching subjects on foot/patrol vehicle how do you evaluate risk to public and officer?
-people in area -easily accessed buildings -potential escape routes -cover/concealment -potential for escalation -back-up
What are methods of contacts for field contacts/intelligence sources?
-phone contacts -personal contacts -third party contacts -anonymous contacts
How would you photograph for a vehicle larceny?
-photograph all four corners of the vehicle -interior overalls -close-up of the license plate (or VIN if stolen) —close-up of any damage
What must you describe when describing a person to other officers (BOL)?
-physical characteristics -clothing -mode of travel -reason for look out -officer safety considerations
What are factors of suspicious acitivity?
-police observations -citizen complaint -informant tip about crime -corroborated anonymous tip -out of place noises -refusal to leave an area secured by police -characteristics where the investigation occurs -time of occurrence -character of the offense of which individual is suspected -any suspicious conduct of the person under investigation (avoid officers upon discovery)
What should you make sure to document as the first person on scene of the death?
-position of the body, hands -position of weapon(s) -type and location of wounds/injuries -defensive wounds -ligature or tool marks (do not cut down hanging victims if already pronounced dead) -evidence locations
Arrestee safety precautions
-possible injuries to arrestee during arrests -possible attempts by others to injure the arrestee
How do you collect biological evidence?
-prepare your box -open new swab package -open water (if dry sample) -two drops of water on swab (if dry sample) -swab area -insert into box -package appropriately
Under CHINS a child who remains a runaway or escapes from a court-ordered residential care facility, and _________
-presents a clear danger to life and health of child -the child or family needs treatment not being provided -the intervention of the court is needed to provide treatment
What are the purposes of protecting a crime scene?
-preserve evidence at the scene -establish first link in chain of evidence -identify witnesses to the crime scene
What are patrol efforts in crime prevention?
-problem solving (SARA) -identification of crimes -identification of root causes -identification of possible solutions (crime prevention through environmental design) -identification of possible resources (police resources, parks and recreation, zoning/highways/public utilities)
What are the steps to initial response for a missing persons?
-proceed directly to the report location -ask the reporting person what has been done to try and locate the victim -determine what type of case (runaway, missing person, abduction) -conduct search of the residence -provide communications with detailed information of the victim for a BOL
How do you respond to a robbery scene?
-proceed to the scene safety and promptly -determine if the crime is in progress, if the suspect is still on the premises, and how much time has elapsed since the crime. Do not assume the suspect(s) have left the area -while responding be aware of possible escape routes -visually check the area carefully for suspect or suspect vehicles -concentrate on suspect's physical description. However, keep in mind suspect(s) change clothing while fleeing -be aware of suspicious behavior -if you stop a possible suspect while responding - contact the responding robbery Detective for further instructions -FI card
What are interview/interrogation techniques to keep in mind?
-professional demeanor -use of open ended questions -getting the information necessary to complete a report -complainants and witnesses interviewed separately and early i case (may be reinterviewed) Thai them for their assistance -identify when/if interview changes from interview to interrogation
Communications skills
-professionalism -cultural awareness -voice control -eye contact -body stance -language choice -patience with offender
What conditions may be included in protective orders in stalking cases?
-prohibiting acts of stalking -prohibiting contact with family/household members of the victim -any other relief necessary to prevent stalking, communication, or other contact of any kid
What should be done when protecting a body and evidence from contamination/alteration?
-proper scene security -proper PPE -weather concerns? (Rain/sow, heat) -evidence in vehicles -evidence on weapons -blood evidence
What can a victim do after they report identity crime?
-pull their credit reports -apply for ID Theft Passport (card issued by office of Attorney General to victim, helps victims from unlawful detention or arrest, must apply for this through the OAG)
What are some types of ways to search a vehicle?
-quadrant -two man -NDC (drug dogs) -traps
What is the responsibilities of the primary unit when responding to silent/hold-up progress?
-quick response -direct units -request resources -observe location -observe getaway vehicle -BOL information
What are the types of evidence?
-real -circumstantial -photographic -documentary -confession -physical
What should be included in the memo to SID?
-reason for initial contact (PC) -evidence recovered -statements -witnessing officers -supporting documents
You should secure the scene by:
-roping of crime scene areas -maintaining an entry/exit log -assign an officer to possible points of entry
What is important for photographic lineups?
-same sex, age, race, ethnicity -same background in photos -black and white/color -no bias in photographs -use descriptors given by victim -consult detective for guidance -if possible audio/video photo lineup
Transporting Prisoners to various locations
-search and secure arrestees -search patrol vehicle before and after transport of every prisoner -all prisoners must be handcuffed with hands to the rear -protect prisoner's head while placing in vehicle -fasten seatbelt around prisoner
What is the foot pursuit protocol?
-secure vehicle -use radio to give location, description of suspect, reason for pursuit -be aware of hazards (natural and manmade) -coordinate pursuit with responding units (back-up, K9, air unit, any other special units available)
Officer safety precautions
-secure weapons -do not relax after cuffing -be aware of others not under arrest who may attempt to assist arrestee
What are the things to remember when gaining consent to search a vehicle?
-seek consent to search from driver, or owner if present -make sure you state search, and not such things as "look around" or "quick peek" -do not need to return paperwork or license prior to request -your request to search is just that, a request -do no demand or order -it must be a voluntary consent -your works and actions can unintentionally nullify an otherwise legal encounter
What are concerns with securing the crime scene?
-self control -police personnel -victim, family members, concerned citizens -supervisors -media (can we really keep them out?) -medical personnel
What are examples of unique identifies of stolen goods that assist in conducting a trace?
-serial numbers -model numbers -etched numbers -social security numbers -unique descriptions of goods (marks, dents, etc) -easily seen numbers -obliterated numbers or markings -hidden numbers or marking
What are ways of tracking stolen property and proving ownership?
-serial numbers and model numbers -attempt restoration of serial and model numbers -VIN numbers -unique or personal identifiers on items -pawn shop system -NCIC and VCIN -manufacture lot numbers -Social security umbers -informants and concerned citizens
Who can be a family or household member?
-spouse, regardless of residence -ex-spouse, regardless of residence -parents, children, step-parents and step-children, siblings, half-siblings, grandparents, grandchildren, regardless of residence -and in-laws, who live in the same home -co-habitants and those who have co-habited in the past year and their children -persons who have a child in common, regardless of residence
How do you write a synopsis of the interview?
-summarize the statements of witnesses/complainants to answer who, what, when, where, why, and how -use functional rather than literary style -be accurate, reliable, and objective -no grammar or spelling errors -cover completely as possible
You would release the suspect on a summons for Petit Larceny, shoplifting/concealment if the following conditions exist:
-suspect has no prior similar incidents -suspect can provide proper and accurate information -suspect has no prior failure to appears in court
When do you calll a detective for burglary?
-suspect in custody AND you do not have a supervisor's permission to handle the investigation -high value property is missing -serial cases -any case with outstanding circumstances -if you have questions
what are the circumstances under 16.1-299 that allow for fingerprints and photographs of juveniles?
-taken into custody and charged with delinquency act and arrest for which, if committed by an adult, is required to be reported to Central Criminal Records Exchange - convicted of a felony or crime that would be a felony if committed by an adult
Under CHINS a child who is habitually absent from school without justification, and __________
-the child has been offered an adequate opportunity to receive educational services, and -the school system has arrived to correct the attendance issue without success
What are the elements of a robbery?
-the use of force, threat, and/or intimidation, of the threat thereof, against the victim -the theft of the property from the person or in his presence -the essential element of violence muse precede or be simultaneous with the taking of the property from the person of the presence of the owner
FTI is not necessary for rape if:
-the victim is under 13, or -the act is accomplished through the use of the victim's mental incapacitation or physical helplessness
What are factors you can and can't control during interrogations?
-timing -location -physical and emotional needs -drug and alcohol effects -preparation -privacy -physical barriers -juvenile/adult
What does code 15.2-1719 allow?
-to dispose of unclaimed property after 60 days -requires departments to offer certain items to the state -allows departments to retain items for department use -prior to the sale or retention for use, reasonable attempts must be made to notify the owner
What are some common mistakes made during surveillance?
-too close to target -failure to avoid lighting -unnecessary use of flashlight -smoking -complacency -nosey neighbors -windshield wipers in use -daylight running lights on -having to keep exiting vehicle to urinate
Assessments for medical treatment
-top down review -front and back review -photography is possible -transport to hospital -identify source of injury -seriousness -location on body -treatment -document everything
What are some available equipment resources that SID has that they could help street officers with?
-tracking devices -mobile surveillance platforms -audio & visual equipment -dialed number records -unmarked vehicles
What are the factors that help determine the method of response to a crime in progress?
-type of alarm -possibility of hostage situation -assault in progress -also includes burglary, robbery, and larceny cases
What information can you provide to the family of arrested person?
-type of charge -consequences of actions (where held) -court procedures -location of magistrate
What are the factors for directing actions of arriving personnel at scene?
-type of incident -location -number of suspects -weapon(s) involved -citizens/vehicles in area -number of officers available
What type of information can be provided by medical personnel during interviews?
-type(s) of injury -seriousness of injury -weapon used -presence of physical evidence -statements by victim -location of victim at time of crime -how victim was situated -others as identified
What are some informant misconduct that will prevent them from being able to be an informant?
-unable to corroborate information -lying to Law Enforcement -stealing from Law enforcement -withholding information -active participation in ongoing criminal activity/acts of violence -terminated by other agencies for misconduct
What are some available personal resources that SID has that could help street officers?
-undercover/plain clothes manpower -federal task force detectives -expertise in our area of responsibilities -money for undercover buys and informant use
What are key things to remember when interviewing complainant, witness, or victim?
-use of open-ended questions -information necessary for report -professional demeanor -interview complainant and witness separately -advise possibility of subsequent interview -gratitude for their time and effort -identify when interview becomes interrogation or accusatory
For aggravated sexual battery FTI and one of these is necessary?
-victim is 13-14 years of age, or -if victim is 15+ the act causes serious bodily/mental injury, or use or threaten to use a dangerous weapon
What are the reasons for a prompt response?
-victim may die -evidence may be destroyed -witness reliability may be affected -witness may leave -apprehension of suspects
What are the enforcement options for juveniles?
-warn and release -summons -petition request, release to parents -transport to juvenile intake -non-secured facility or secured facility
When you first arrive on a death crime scene what should you look for?
-was the location secure? (Windows and doors locked from inside, signs of tampering, tool marks, cut window screens) -who made first entry and why? (Note if it was EMS/Fire) -evidence of time passage (pile of newspapers, packages, excessive mail, unkempt yard, spoiling food)
What can give negative results on primer residue?
-washing hands -wiping hands -wearing gloves -sweating profusely -wind/rain -blood on hands -more than 4-6 hours after shooting
What might be underneath the body of the decedent?
-weapon, drug paraphernalia -phone, wallet/ID -suicide note
What are the steps to collecting trace evidence?
-wear gloves -fill out information sheet, asking the subject the questions -make sure to label the vials -can be sent to the lab for analysis
When establishing boundaries fo the scene you should include:
-where the crime occurred -potential points of exit and entry -locations of victims, suspects, witnesses, and potential evidence
What is brandishing?
-whether capable of being fired or not -in such a manner as to reasonably induce fear in the mind of another of being shot or injured -class 1 misdemeanor -if occurs on school grounds or within 1,000 feet of such school property (class 6 felony)
When responding to hate crimes what should you do?
-with all crimes, safety is paramount -check for any injury/death -is the crime still in progress? -is the suspect still on scene -protect the crime scene -locate and separate witnesses -assist as needed on scene Before clearing, check with a supervisor to see what follow up is needed
What are the elements of concealing?
-without authority, with the intention of converting goods or merchandise to his ow or another's use without having paid the full purchase price thereof or of defrauding the owner of the value of the goods or merchandise -The willful concealment of goods or merchandise of any store or other mercantile establishment, while still on the premises thereof, shall be prima facie evidence of an intent to convert and defraud the owner thereof out of the value of the goods or merchandise
How would you photograph injuries?
-without scale and with scale -use built in flash or no flash on close up to prevent overexposure of the injury
How do you build your case?
-your observations -quantity of drugs present/documented -presence of other items that indicate PWID: scales, packaging, cut, etc -attempts at concealment
What is the prison term and fine for a class 5 felony?
1 to 10 years and up to $2500 fine
What is the prison term and fine for a class 6 felony?
1 to 5 years and up to $2500 fine
What are the four stages of emotions during an interrogation?
1. Anger 2. Denial 3. Bargaining 4. Acceptance
What are the elements of burglary?
1. Breaking 2. Entering 3. Daytime vs night-time 4. Constructive vs. actual 5. Intent 6. Dwelling house, outhouse, shed, and detached garages
What are the procedures for interviewing a subject involved in suspicious activity?
1. Define purpose of field interviews 2. Identify legal basis for stopping and interviewing a person 3. Identify and determine age of suspect 4. Identify if crime has occurred 5. Check for warrants NCIC, VCIN, local 6. Take enforcement action and/or document field interview
What things need to be taken into question for existent circumstances?
1. Degree of urgency involved 2. Amount of time necessary to obtain a warrant 3. Officer's reasonable belief that contraband is about to be removed or destroyed 4. Possibility of danger to police guarding the site 5. Information indicating possessors of contraband are aware that the police are on their trail 6. Ready destructibility of the contraband
What are the steps to being a CSO?
1. Document where you are (take a picture of a placard, then the street address or business name) 2. CS photographs 3. Collect evidence (swabs, items to voucher) 4. Powder process 5. Final walk through (with victim or officer, collect eliminations) 6. Post scene paperwork
What are the important things to remember when performing a controlled narcotics purchase with an informant?
1. Done only under controlled situations and with more than one detective 2. Have informant obtain specific data on target premises (address, color of front door, type of door, any security or barricade devices) 3. Your name is on affidavit or warrant, not the informants so it is your career on line if information is inaccurate or false
What are the three types of protective orders?
1. Emergency protective orders 2. Preliminary protective orders 3. Protective orders (also known as a "full" protective order, sometimes referred to as a "permanent" protective order)
What are the steps to arbitration?
1. Establish an arbitrator's (judge) role 2. Listen to each party's viewpoint 3. Determine legal aspects affecting the situation 4. Solve the problem by determining course of action
What are the six predominant responsibility that LEOs have when responding to a domestic violence scene?
1. Evaluate the scene, restore order and provide medical and/or other aid and assistance to include the safety of family members 2. Interview victim(s), witness(es) and suspect(s) to gather relevant information. Identify, record, collect and or preserve physical evidence 3. Determine if a crime was committed, take appropriate action ARREST THE PREDOMINANT AGGRESSOR WHEN PROBABLE CAUSE EXISTS THAT A CRIME HAS OCCURRED 4. Provide information about community resources, protective orders, and make appropriate referrals for victim services through Social Services, domestic violence shelters, Special Victim's Unit, counseling, Victim Witness Rights 5. Record findings on a stand written report to assist with investigation to determine what, if any, crime occurred 6. Provide or arrange for the transportation of the abused person to a hospital, safe shelter, or magistrate in all cases of family violence
What are the three classifications of criminal offenses?
1. Felonies 2. Misdemeanors 3. Traffic infractions
What four things must be proven to charge with receiving stolen property?
1. Goods or things were previously stolen by some other person 2. Accused bought or received the items 3. Accused knew the items were stolen (difficult to prove) 4. Accused bought or received the items with dishonest intent
When stolen property has been located what do you do now?
1. Have the property processed by Forensics 2. Voucher the property 3. Remove from NCIC
What are the 7 drug categories?
1. Narcotics 2. Stimulants 3. Hallucinogens 4. Cannabis 5. Depressants 6. Inhalants 7. Anabolic steroids
What are the steps to responding to an attempt suicide?
1. Notify supervisor and request appropriate resources 2. Maintain a safe position (cover/concealment) while communicating with (suicidal) person A. Try to calm down the person (calming techniques) B. Try to identify problems C. Try to delay person as much as possible D. Suggest resources for the person to help solve the problems 3. Document all proceedings
A victim of sexual assault, parent of guardian of a victim who was a minor at the time of the offense, or a close relative of a deceased victim of sexual assault SHALL have the right to request and receive information from the LEO agency regarding =
1. PERK submission for forensic analysis from victim 2. Status of analysis being performed on any evidence that was collected 3. Results of any analysis UNLESS...the results of disclosing this information would interfere with the investigation or prosecution of the case
What are the 3 criteria DEA considers for scheduling drugs?
1. Potential for physiological and psychological dependence 2. Potential for medicinal use 3. Potential for abuse
What are the stages of radicalization?
1. Pre-radicalization 2. Identification 3. Indoctrination 4. Action
What are the steps to negotiation?
1. Preparing and planning 2. Setting the tone 3. Exploring underlying needs 4. Creating an agreement 5. Review agreement 6. Evaluate negotiation
What are the six elements of a search warrant?
1. Related offense 2. Description of what is to be searched 3. Description of what is being searched for 4. PC that evidence or contraband can be found in a particular place and PC that a specific crime was committed 5. Affidavit statement 6. Reliability and credibility
What are the Reid 9 steps to interrogation?
1. The positive confrontation 2. Theme development 3. Handling denials 4. Overcoming objections 5. Keeping the suspect's attention 6. Handling passive mood 7. Presenting and alternative question 8. Obtaining oral confession 9. written confession
When taking a written statement the following must be followed?
1. The statement is made under conditions that provide for no duress, threats, or promises. 2. the statement is written concisely and represents what is said. 3. The person making the statement is allowed to read and make corrections. 4. The person signs the statement voluntarily 5. The statement is witnessed. 6. The date and time are included
What are the elements of extortion of money, property or pecuniary benefit?
1. Threatens injury to the character, person, or property of another 2. Accuses him of any offense 3. Threatens to report him as being illegally present in the US 4. Knowingly destroys, conceals, removes, confiscates, withholds, or threatens to withhold, or possesses any actual or purported passport or other immigration document, of another person, and thereby extort money, property or pecuniary benefit or any note bond, or other evidence of debt from him or any other person
What are the three options when dealing with juveniles?
1. Warn and release 2. Diversion 3. Petition
For the preliminary and follow-up investigations when do you call a detective?
1. When case requires extensive and time consuming investigation 2. When case involves several other incidents occurring outside the officer's precinct 3. When case involves several suspects and other possible suspect not apprehended at the scene
What are the steps for mediation?
1. Willingness to mediate 2. Identify the problem causing the dispute 3. Each party allowed to express their side 4. Decision is made by the involved parties with help form mediator or third party
what are the two significances of a constitutional right attaching?
1. a valid waiver of that right must occur before any interrogation 2. suspect may assert that right and thereby impose special additional restrictions
the fourth amendment requires:
1. all search and seizures be "reasonable" 2. warrants be based on "probable cause" 3. warrants be supported by "oath or affirmation" 4. warrants "particularly describe" the place to be searched and person or things to be seized
what are some general considerations for Use of Force?
1. appropriate response for situations where a violent reaction to law enforcement is foresee: equipment needed, multiple officers, plan, etc 2. command presence - appearance, stance, posture, eye contact, etc 3. avoid antagonistic and provoking verbal and non verbal factors 4. verbalization - invoke authority, announcement of arrest, clarity in speech 5. escalate and de-escalate use of force 6. application of restraints
what questions does the "look right" test for search warrants include?
1. are all parts of the warrant filled in, dated and signed? 2. does the document make sense when you read it? 3. is the date of issue within time frame for execution? 4. has probable cause evaporated? has the passage of time changed things? 5. what is the scope of the authorized search? what are the items to be seized under the warrant?
what question must be considered when attempting to use enhancement tools?
1. are the activities occurring in a public area? 2. are the activities, though in a private area, knowingly exposed to public view? 3. does the observation require use of enhancement device that is especially sophisticated or unusual? 4. is the vantage point remote or unusual?
in order to be lawful, all arrests in Virginia must :
1. be based upon probable cause 2. satisfy Virginia statutory requirements
what are the three factors in determining if unlawful coercion was used to obtain a statement?
1. conduct of government agent (interrogator) 2. susceptibilities of the subject (confessor) 3. environment in which the activity (interrogation) occurs
the owner of any dog deemed dangerous must comply with stipulations set forth in the code, within 30 days, including :
1. containing dog in a secure enclosure, with lock, sufficient height to prevent escape or direct contact with or entry by minor, adults, or other animals 2. must be kept on leash and muzzled when off property 3. property must be marked with clearly. visible signs warning both minors and adults of presence of dangerous dog 4. animal must be permanently identified (microchip) 5. animal must be neutered or spayed 6. owner must obtain liability insurance coverage or surety bond with a value of at least $100,000
what are the liabilities for use of force?
1. criminal liability 2. civil liability-vicarious liability 3. adminsitrative sanctions 4. loss of public trust
SCOTUS has developed a two-part test for whether a privacy expectation is reasonable under the 4th amendment, this is:
1. did a person actually, in fact, expect privacy? 2. does society recognize that person's expectation as being reasonable and legitimate?
what three issues do courts tend to isolate in order to determine wether a seizures is "arrest-like" or "Terry-type"?
1. duration 2. involuntary movement from on e place to another 3. physical force and/or restraints used
the court clarified and held that notice before forced entry is constitutionally-required unless the officer has at least reasonable suspicion that giving notice would:
1. endanger someone 2. be futile 3. inhibit effective investigation
what are the basic principles of use of force?
1. establish a good interview and/or fighting stance 2. do not meet force with force. use the violator's motion and strength against him (push-pull) 3. train the eyes to see at least 180 degrees at all times 4. be aware of what is happening behind you (listen and look) 5. be prepared to counter any aggressive action directed toward you 6. form a plan of action and know your next move if that plan fails 7. maintain mental and physical control of yourself. you cannot control the violator if you are out of control 8. divert the violator's from his objective by diverting his attention (distraction techniques) 9. plan ahead, thin through sitatuion 10. always know what you intend to do when you apply a control technique. give simple and precise commands 11. your objective in the application and execution of a control technique is to elicit the subject's corporation. any pain felt by the subject tis the direct result of his or her resistance 12. maintain two points of control when using control and/or compliance techniques
what are the four different types of weapon malfunctions?
1. failure to feed 2. failure to fire 3. failure to extract 4. failure to eject
what resources are available to you for dealing with threatening or attacking animals?
1. food/treats 2. fire extinguisher 3. clipboard 4. barriers 5. your side arm 6. asp 7. flare
any magistrate shall issue, upon the sworn petition of any responsible person, treating physician, or upon his own motion, an emergency custody order when he has probable cause to believe that any person within his judicial district:
1. has a mental illness 2. and there exists a substantial likelihood that, as a result of mental illness the person will, in the near future cause serious bodily harm to himself or others as evidenced by recent behavior causing, attempting, threatening harm and other relevant information if any or suffer serious harm due to lack of capacity to protect himself from harm or to provide for his basic human needs 3. is in need of hospitalization 4. is willing to volunteer or incapable of volunteering for hospitalization or treatment
what are the two things that one looks at to asses the reliability of hearsay?
1. how reliable is the information provider 2. how does he know the information
what are some questions to be asked or considered in determine if the information (especially hearsay) should be believed?
1. how the source obtained the information 2. why the hearsay source should be believed 3. any police informant history and any participation in the crime
general exceptions allowing for custodial misdemeanor arrest if in the presence of the officer include:
1. individual fails to discontinue the unlawful act 2. arresting officer has reason to believe the individual is likely to disregard the summons 3. arresting officer reasonably believes that the individual will likely cause harm to himself or others 4. individual refuses sign the summons
what are some fundamental principles that reduce suggestiveness in both photographic and one-on-one show ups?
1. inform that the perpetrator may or may not be in the lineup and there is no obligation to identify anyone 2. witness or victim should not be informed that he or she has identified the "right" person 3. witnesses should not be allowed to collaborate and should view the lineups separately and individually 4. there is value in asking the witness for a "confidence statement" expressing as a percentage
the law enforcement agency or alternative transportation provider providing transportation pursuant to the ECO may transfer custody of the person to the facility or location to which the person is transported for evaluation if the facility or location :
1. is licensed to provide the level of security necessary to protect both the person and others from harm 2. is actually capable of providing the level of security necessary to protect person and others from harm 3. has entered into an agreement or memorandum of understanding with the law enforcement agency
According to the Federal Rules of Evidence Rule 401 evidence is relevant if:
1. it has any tendency to make a fact more or less probably than it would be without the evidence and 2. the fact is of consequence in determining the action
what are the two conditions that must be present according to Terry to conduct a frisk?
1. lawful basis for investigative detention; and 2. reasonable suspicion the suspect is armed and constitutes a potential danger to the officer
what are the four things that need to be evaluated prior to using deadly force against a fleeing criminal according to Tennessee v Garner?
1. life-threatening escape 2. life-threatening felony 3. some warning where feasible 4. if necessary to prevent escape
upon arriving at a crime scene in private premises, officers may enter the premises without a warrant or consent in order to:
1. locate and secure perpetrators; and/or 2. provide assistance to injured or others requiring emergency assistance; and/or 3. locate and secure evidence that is likely to be lost or destroyed by the mere passage of time
what are some frequently or recurring elements of probable cause or reasonable suspicion (suspicion factors)?
1. location in time 2. high crime area 3. sensory perceptions 4. suspect description 5. observed behaviors 6. past criminal history 7. current criminal involvement 8. criminal profiling 9. evasiveness and lying
how do we avoid positional asphyxia?
1. never restrain the subjects hand and legs together 2. do not leave a subject in control restraints lying on his back or stomach, also do not position the subject leaning forward in a sitting position with hands and legs restrained together 3. DO NOT put weight on an arrestee's back, such as with your knee, for a prolonged period 4. do not keep the arrestee waiting for transportation in a restrained position without being properly monitored (monitor ABC's: Airway, Breathing, and circulation) 5. custody responsibility of arresting officers advises that "arresting officer(s) will ensure that medical treatment is provided when prisoners are injured before or during arrest or incarceration 6. if temporary prone positioning is required for control, subject must be closely and constantly monitored
what are some sources of information?
1. other officers 2. concerned citizens 3. anonymous persons 4. criminals 5. intoxicated folks 6. little kids 7. delusional people 8. pathological liars
what are the four ways a person could fall under the animal cruelty state code 3.2-6570?
1. overrides, overdrives, overloads, tortures, ill treats, abandons, willfully inflicts inhumane injury or pain, or cruelly or unnecessarily beats, mains, mutilates, or kills nay animals 2. deprives any animal of necessities (food, drink, shelter, emergency care) 3. willfully steps on foot, instigates, engages in, or in any further say act of cruelty 4. carries dog in any vehicle, vessel, or other in a cruel, brutal, or inhumane manner
what are some fundamental principles that reduce suggestiveness specifically in photographic presentation?
1. photographs should be presented to the witness sequentially, not as a single display of multiple photographs, and, unless it is impossible to do so, should involve many more photos than just 5 or 6 2. do not review single picture or compare pictures go through complete array if requested by witness 3. using an uninvolved officer who does not know who the suspect is reduces potentials for nuanced behavior creating suggestiveness
exigent circumstances exist, and officers may enter private premises without a warrant or consent, if it reasonably appears that such action is urgently necessary in order to:
1. prevent death or serious physical injury; and/or 2. provide needed emergency medical assistance; and/or 3. guard against the imminent threat of substantial property damage
The state code for animal fighting (3.2-6571) states that no person shall knowingly:
1. promote, prepare for, engage in, or be employed in, the fighting of animals for amusement, sport or gain 2. attend an exhibition of the fighting of animals 3. authorize or allow any person to undertake any act described in this section on any premises under his charge or control 4. aid or abet any such acts
when considering whether there is probable cause to issue a TDO, the magistrate may , in addition to the petition, consider:
1. recommendations of any treating or examining physician 2. past actions of the person 3. past mental health treatment 4. relevant hearsay 5. affidavits if the witness is unavailable and affidavit so states 6. any other relevant information
the magistrate may consider issuance of an ECO based on:
1. recommendations of any treating or examining physician 2. past actions of the person 3. past mental health treatment 4. relevant hearsay 5. any medical records available 6. affidavits if the witness is unavailable and affidavit so states
force that is recognized as "privileged" for law enforcement must occur in the following situations:
1. self-defense 2. defense of a third person 3. defense of property 4. prevention of crime, or commission thereof 5. effecting a lawful arrest 6. prevent an escape
what makes use of forcer reasonable based on Graham v Connor?
1. severity of the crime at issue 2. whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others 3. are the circumstances tense, uncertain, and rapidly evolving 4. and whether he/she is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight
officers may enter private premises without a warrant or consent in order to arrest someone in the premises if:
1. someone is likely to be killed or seriously injured unless immediate warrantless action is taken; or 2. a serious and/or dangerous criminal offender is likely to escape apprehension and/or prosecution unless immediate warrantless action is taken; and 3. there is probable cause to arrest the person sought; and 4. there is reason to believe that the person to be arrested is physically present int eh premises at the time of the entry
what are some benefits of a warrant?
1. sometimes permit a more extensive search 2. help protect an officer from civil liability and/or criminal prosecution 3. defendant has the burden of showing lack of probable cause or other defect 4. partial "good faith" exception to the exclusionary rule when an officer reasonably relies on an apparently valid search warrant 5. "anticipatory" search warrants 6. reduced time and effort involved in obtaining a warrant telephonically
evidence and liability problems regarding a suspect's incriminating statements usually fall into one or more of these four categories
1. statement was product of an unlawful 4th amendment seizure of defendant's person - an arrest without reasonable suspicion 2. interrogation did not comply with Miranda rule and/or associated protections of rights to silence and counsel if asserted 3. statement was obtained in violation of defendant's 6th amendment right to counsel 4. statement was product of unlawful coercion in violation of 5th amendment and 14th amendment
what are the three things that must be sufficiently described in a search warrant?
1. the crime 2. the evidence 3. the place
what is the four part test also known as the Substantive Due Process Standard?
1. the need for the application of force 2. the relationship between that need and the amount of force used 3. the extension of the injury inflicted 4. whether the force was applied in a good faith effort to maintain and restore discipline or maliciously and sadistically for the very purpose of causing harm
what requirements does the plain view doctrine of warrantless seizure need?
1. the officer must be lawfully present in the position from which a plain view observation is made 2. item must be immediately apparent to be evidence of a crime
lower courts have set out factors to consider in deciding whether a "re-warning" of Miranda rights is necessary following a break in an interrogation they are:
1. the time span since the last Miranda warning 2. is the same or a different location being utilized for the interrogation? 3. is the same or a different officer conducting the interrogation? 4. are there apparent changes in the suspect's mental or emotional state? 5. is the same or different subject matter being discussed?
what are the two legal requirements to allow for a forcible entry into a home to arrest someone?
1. there must be probable cause to arrest the person believed to be inside 2. there must be reason to believe that the person to be arrested is actually currently present in the private premises being entered
what are the cardinal rules of firearms safety?
1. treat every weapon as if it is loaded 2. never let the muzzle cover anything you are not willing to accept the responsibility for destroying 3. keep your finger outside of the trigger guard, in contact with the frame, until you are ready to fire 4. be sure of your target, and what is in front of and behind it
what are the three legal categories of officer-citizen contacts?
1. voluntary consent 2. investigative detentions 3. arrests
the Miranda rule simply requires that the following "message" be conveyed to anyone who is about to be subjected to custodial police interrogation:
1. you have the right to remain silent 2. anything you say can and will be used against you in court 3. you have the right to talk with a lawyer and to have a lawyer with you during any questioning 4. if you want a lawyer and cannot afford one, one will be appointed to represent you at no cost to you
You have to verify victim identity ________
100%
If pointing, holding, or brandishing firearm, air, or gas operated weapon or object similar in appearance occurs on school grounds or within _________ of such school property is a _________
1000 feet, class 6 felony
According to the noise ordinance at nighttime No person shall permit, operate or cause any source of sound to create a sound level that can be heard in another person's residential dwelling during the hours between ______________ and _____ in excess of ___ dBA when measured inside the residence at least four (4) feet from the wall nearest the source, with doors and windows to the receiving area closed.
10:00 pm and 7:00 am; 55
What is the age a child can use a firearm without supervision?
12
Livor mortis will not shift after _______
12 hours
Perk exams are generally not done if the assault occurred over ______ ago, but it will be the decision of the assigned detective-in conjunction with the nurse- if one is done or not
120 hours
What is the important age for carnal knowledge?
13-14 years old
Recklessly leaving a loaded, unsecured firearm in such a manner as to endanger the life or limb or any child under the age of ________ is a class 3 misdemeanor
14
A preliminary protective order is typically valid for _________
14 days from the day of issuance
What is the age of consent in Virginia?
15
A hearing for the preliminary protective order will be within ________
15 days of its issuance
How long must the barrel of Rifle be?
16 inches
A sawed-off rifle has a barrel less than _________ and a modifier to an overall length of less than _________
16 inches, 26 inches
What is the code that has to do with preliminary protective orders for children?
16.1-253
The National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB) is supported by ______ insurance companies
160
A runaway must be under the age of ________
18
An abandoned child must be under the ago of ______
18
An abducted child must be under the age of ____
18
A sawed-off shotgun has a barrel less than _______ for smooth bore or ______ for rifled bored
18 inches, 16 inches
The barrel length of a smooth bore shotgun must be _________ or more. The barrel length of a rifled shotgun must be ________.
18 inches, 16 inches
Manufacturing, selling, giving, distributing, or possessing with the intent to manufacture, sell, give, or distribute a controlled substance or an imitation controlled substance
18.2-248
Transportation of a Controlled Substance with the intent to sell give or distribute it into the Commonwealth
18.2-248.01
Seizure of property used in connection or derived from illegal drug operations
18.2-249
The simple possession of a controlled substance
18.2-250
Any person who knowingly, wrongfully and intentionally withholds a child from either of a child's parents or other legal guardian in a clear and significant violation of a court order provided such child is withheld outside of the commonwealth
18.2-49.1 violation of court order regarding custody and visitation section A
what year was the UBN formed?
1993
Officers or PDO's will fax a copy of the PD18R1 and the SP-183/SP-67 to the Virginia State Police within _______
2 hours of taking the report
What is the prison term and fine for a class 4 felony?
2 to 10 years and up to $100,000 fine
A victim of family abuse or act of violence, force, or threat may petition for a protective order, which is valid for no longer than _____
2 years
For a full or permanent protective order a motion for an extension may be granted for up to how many years? And is there a limit to the number of extensions that may be requested?
2 years; no
What are the punishments for a class 4 felony?
2-10 years imprisonment, up to $100,000 fine
Rigor mortis sets writhing _________ and completely sets after _______
2-3 hours post mortem, 8-12 hours
What is the state code that states that all public records shall be open to inspection and copying by any citizens of the Commonwealth during regular office hours of the custodian of such record
2.2-3704
when acting as an emergency vehicle you may only go ________ mph over the speed limit unless it is 35 mph or less you may only go _________
20 mph, 10 mph
What is the prison term and fine for a class 2 felony?
20 years to life and up to $100,000 fine
A missing child must be under the age of _______
21
What is the code for public intoxication?
23-22
how many people must there be in order to attempt to start a gang?
3
Shrubs and bushes should be trimmed down to ________ so people can see behind them
3 feet
To properly reinforce your door the screws should be ________ in length to help make this strike plate more secure
3 inches
Livor mortis appears in ________ to ______
30 minutes to 1-2 hours
all techniques with the ASP are to be delivered at a ________ and in the open mode with the last __________ of the baton
45 angle down; 3 inches
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized
4th amendment
What is the prison term and fine for a class 3 felony?
5 to 20 years and up to $100,000 fine
The department has _________ of receiving a FOIA request to provided records to the requestor or respond
5 working days
what is the difference between the 5th amendment and 6th amendment right to counsel?
5th-present any time there is police interrogation in custody 6th - attaches when formal charges are made
According to VA Code 18.2-57, "Assault and Battery," a person who commits a simple assault or battery is guilty of a class 1 misdemeanor, and if the person intentionally selects the person against whom a simple assault is committed because of his race, religious conviction, color or national origin, the penalty upon conviction shall include a term of confinement of at least _______ months, _______ days of which shall be a mandatory minimum term of confinement
6 moths, 30 days
When lubricating your glock you only want how many drops of oil and why?
6 small drops, grease and oil can collect dust and debris so we always use them sparingly
According to code 15.2-1719 departments are allowed to dispose of unclaimed property after ________
60 days
according to 16.1-299 if a petition or warrant is not filed against a juvenile whose fingerprints or photographs have been taken in connection with an alleged violation of law, the fingerprint card, all copies of the fingerprints and all photographs shall be destroyed _____ after fingerprints were taken
60 days
What is the code for LEOs are mandated reporters?
63.2-1509
What code mandates that health and mental health providers, EMS personnel, any guardian or conservator of an adult, any public or private direct care or personal care provider, and/or any law enforcement officer shall report any cases of suspected elder abuse, neglect, or exploitation to the Department of Human Services Division of Adult Protective Services within any given jurisdiction
63.2-1606
In 2014 _____ of US residents were victims of identity theft
7%
Subsequent orders may be issued upon the original petition within ______ after the petition is filed, however, a magistrate must again obtain the advice of an employee or designee of the local community services board prior to issuing a subsequent order upon the original petition
96 hours
_______% of all terrorist attacks are at least partially successful
>90%
What are examples of individual evidence?
?fingerprints, bullets, fracture match, handwriting, shoe wear and tool marks with unique characteristics
If someone has more than 5 pounds of marijuana they are guilty of _______
A felony punishable by not less than 5 years
What are the elements of the crime for keeping, residing in, or frequenting a bawdy place?
A place used for lewdness, assignation or prostitution; keep, reside, or visit such a place
What does a preliminary protective order for a child require?
A preponderance of the evidence that abuse/neglect has occurred
What is the threshold for probable cause for a violation of a protective order?
A reasonable complaint by a witness and the identification of a person violating the "no further abuse" "no contact" or "no trespass" conditions of any valid protective order
The chief of Police may disclose to _________ that a juvenile, 14 and older, has been charged with a violent felony
A school principal
Any person who by force intimidation or deception without legal justification or excuse, seizes, takes, transports, detains or secretes the person of another with the intent to deprive person of personal liberty or to withhold or conceal him from any person, authority or institution lawfully entitled to his charge; excludes law enforcement in lawful duties
Abduction
What are the three parts of the crime prevention triangle?
Ability, desire, opportunity
an act of violence as defined in clause (i) of subdivision A of § 19.2-297.1 or an act that would be an act of violence if committed within the Commonwealth committed within or outside the Commonwealth with the intent to (i) intimidate a civilian population at large or (ii) influence the conduct or activities of a government, including the government of the United States, a state, or a locality, through intimidation.
Act of terrorism
Vigorous action or involvement as a means of achieving political, social, or other goals sometimes by demonstration, protest, or other means of communication or action.
Activism
When does rigor mortis begin to release?
After 24-36 hours
If the victim is severely injured and caused to suffer permanent and significant physical impairment; intent to maim, disfigure, Diablo or kill a pregnant woman or to cause the involuntary termination of her pregnancy
Aggravated malicious assault
The elements of this crime is to Transport or assist in any manner that aides the act of prostitution or illicit sexual intercourse
Aiding prostitution
What is the number one incapactitor?
Alcohol
What does two whistle blows mean?
Alerts traffic to go.
What does one whistle blow mean?
Alerts traffic to stop.
Loss of body heat post death
Algor mortis
The chain of custody links __________
All individuals that had control of the evidence between the time it was seized or obtained and the time it is offered into evidence
Which of the following statements is true regarding the lawful disposition of ordinary unclaimed personal property according to State Code 15.2-1719? A) departments may dispose of unclaimed property after 60 days B) certain items have to be offered to the state C) department must publish ads D) all of the above
All of the above
What is civil?
An act that neither affects the common interest of the community, nor does it violate a law or ordinance.
The court may issue a preliminary protective order when ___________
An allegedly abused person asserts that he or she has been or is in immediate and present danger o becoming a victim of abuse
To qualify an informant you must prove _______, ________ and ______ all information received, and you cannot ____________
An informant's reliability; verify and corroborate; simply take an informant at his/her word
When in custody on a petition or by reason of need of services, protection of the public's, or shoplifting, take the juvenile before ___________
An intake officer
A collective movement of computer hackers who want it expose everything, internet anarchists or hacktivists, to unmask secrecy of government
Anonymous
The peeping Tom code also applies to _______
Any enclosure where the victim has a clear expectation of privacy and is expected to be i a state of undress
Who may issue a written emergency protective order and to protect who?
Any judge or magistrate; any person
Law charged in July, 2011 to follow for an emergency protective order to be issued to _________
Any person alleging to have been abused by a family or household member or a victim of a act of violence, force, or threat
What constitutes a concealed weapon?
Any person carries about his person, hidden from common observation (is of such deceptive appearance as to disguise the weapon's true nature)
Under 18.2-308.2:01. Possession or transportation of certain firearms by certain persons who is prohibited?
Any person who is not a citizen of the United States or who is not a person lawfully admitted for permanent residence (possess any assault firearm) • Any person who is not a citizen of the United States and who is not lawfully present in the United States (possess ANY firearm)
What is disregarding signal by L.E. to stop and what are the potential charges?
Any person who, having received a visible or audible signal from law enforcement to bring his motor vehicle to a stop, drives in a willful and wanton disregard of such signal, shall be guilty of a class 2 misdemeanor.
When does a investigative report need to be completed?
Any time an officer is assigned a case where they will conduct an investigation
What are custodial relationships?
Anyone is taking charge over a child
When establishing a security perimeter the media is allowed __________
Anywhere citizens are allowed
this case stated that when the arrestee has been removed from the car and secured elsewhere, the officer may not conduct a search of the vehicle incident to that arrest unless the officer has "reason to believe" that evidence of the crime of that arrest will be found in the passenger compartment
Arizona v Gant
When probable cause exists, _____________ is required, unless _________
Arrest of the violator, special circumstances dictate another course of action
If there are other special circumstances that go against the requirement of arrest in domestic violence what must you do?
Articulate in the written report
How should you treat the for a missing person?
As a crime scene until you prove otherwise
Mandated reporters are required to report signs of child abuse within ________
As soon as reasonably possible but within 24 hours
When with an emergency protective order expire?
At 11:59 pm on the 3rd day following issuance
This type of person's whereabouts are unknown, whose continued absence poses a significant health or safety concern fo that person or others
At risk
For the SP183 for children what does the authority for release box relate to?
Authority to release photographs and other information to help look for child, and the form must be signed on the back
What are examples of conveyances that can be seized?
Autos, marine vessels, airplanes, no substantial liens
If you see cherry red livor mortis what do you do?
Back out immediately and clear the scene, CO and cyanide poisoning
Ventilation large enough for a body to fit through should be ________
Barred
The non-consensual touching of another
Battery
What case stated that if someone is out there just being an idiot you cannot charge them with disorderly conduct you need to find something else if it fits?
Battle v Commonwealth
You got too close or realize that you are the cops while doing surveillance
Being burned
What are some examples of equipment needed for surveillance?
Binoculars, cameras, recorders, notebook, radios, extra batteries, weapons
Evidence recovered from a biological source
Biological evidence
What are some movements and special interest groups?
Black lives matter, animal liberation front, earth liberation front
What domestic terrorist groups are racially motivated?
Black separatist (black Hebrew Israelites, New black panther party, Nation of Islam), white supremacist groups (skinheads, loyal white knights, national socialist movement)
What are some examples of drug paraphernalia?
Bongs, bowls, pipes, scales, syringes, capsules, balloons of packaging materials, grow kits, cutting agents, grinders, roach clips, vials, baggies, concealment devices
This is an enforcement technique in which an undercover officer goes ad buys drugs from a suspected dealer and at the end of the exchange bust them (arrest)
Buy/bust
This is an enforcement technique in which an undercover officer goes and buys drugs for a suspected dealer and then walks away to build the case
Buy/walk
Cases involving sex abuse, ______ and _____ investigate jointly; case involving physical abuse, ______ and _____ investigate jointly
CPS and SVU; CPS and DVU
If a parent or guardian can not be located in a timely manner what do you do?
Call juvenile intake to determine what course of action they would like you to take
How are amphetamines packaged?
Can be in sandwich baggies, ziploc bags for larger amounts, jeweler bags for use quantities, and heat sealed bags
Possession of firearms by convicted felon adjudicated delinquent as a juvenile 14 years of age or older at the time of offense
Can not own or possess a firearm under the age of 29
this case decided that the inadequacy of police training may serve as a basis for 1983 liability only where the failure to train amounts to deliberate indifference to the rights of persons with whom they come in contact
Canton v Harris
The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of another during the course of an abduction; killing of any person by another for hire; by a prisoner while in state or local correctional facility; course of a robbery; course of a rape; killing of LEO; more than one person as part in the same act; more than one person within a three-year period...
Capital murder
The intentional seizure or seizure of control of a motor vehicle of another with intent to permanently or temporarily deprive another in possession or control of the vehicle of that possession by force, threat, and/or intimidation
Carjacking
This includes the acts of sexual intercourse, cunnilingus, fellatio, anilingus, and intercourse, animate and inanimate object sexual penetration
Carnal knowledge of a minor
the exception to the warrant requirement for a probable cause search of a motor vehicle in a public area
Carroll Doctrine
The law for profane, threatening or indecent language only applies to
Cell phones and wireless devices.
Document listing everyone who's come into contact with the item
Chain of custody
The chronological documentation or paper trail, showing the seizure, custody, control, transfer, analysis and disposition of evidence, whether physical or electronic
Chain of custody
According to 15.2-1722 who is responsible for the maintenance of arrest records, investigative records, non-criminal incident records, personnel records and reportable incident records?
Chief of police
A child whose behavior, conduct or condition presents or results in a serious threat to the well-being and physical safety of the child's
Child in need of services (CHINS)
What is the next of kin progression?
Children, sibling, parents, extended family
If anyone is in possession of drug paraphernalia they are guilty of a ________
Class 1 misdemeanor
If someone has less than 1/2 ounce of marijuana they are guilty of a ________
Class 1 misdemeanor
Parental abduction is a _____
Class 1 misdemeanor
Pointing, holding, or brandishing firearm, air or gas operated weapon or object similar in appearance in such a manner as to reasonably induce fear in the mind of another of being shot or injured (whether capable of being fired or not is a _______
Class 1 misdemeanor
Sexual battery is a __________ and we can charge people of this on the street
Class 1 misdemeanor
Stalking is a ________
Class 1 misdemeanor
Trespassing is a ________
Class 1 misdemeanor
Virginia makes it a _______ for the subject of any protective order, other than a permanent protective order, to purchase or transport a firearm
Class 1 misdemeanor
What is the penalty for someone with a protective order to possess a firearm?
Class 1 misdemeanor
What is the penalty for unlawful possession of alcohol and people who can't buy alcohol?
Class 1 misdemeanor
Reckless handling of firearms, reckless handling while hunting is classified as a ________ and if violation occurs during hunting the judge may _________
Class 1 misdemeanor; revoke person's hunting license
Any person violating any of the provisions of disclosure of information and assistance to law-enforcement officers required shall be guilty of ________
Class 2 misdemeanor
Drinking or possession of alcoholic beverages in or on public school grounds is a _________
Class 2 misdemeanor
Obtaining documents from DMV when not entitled to them is punished as a ________ if the document was used for the purpose of any age-limited activity
Class 2 misdemeanor
Any person who carnally knows, w/o force, victim is 13-14 is guilty of ________ if it is an adult offender
Class 4 felony
The discharge of a fireman within or shoots at any school building whether occupied or not is a _________
Class 4 felony
Drinking alcohol or offering a drink to another whether accepted or not, at or in any public place is a _________
Class 4 misdemeanor
Drinking while operating a motor vehicle, the passion of open container while operating a motor vehicle and preemption upon a public highway is a _________
Class 4 misdemeanor
Public intoxication, transportation of public inebriated to detoxification center is a __________
Class 4 misdemeanor
The discharge of a firearm, crossbow, or bow across any road, within the right-of-way Theron or in a street of any city or town is a _________
Class 4 misdemeanor
Any person who shall be guilty of the larceny of a dog, horse, pony, mule, cow, steer, bull or calf shall be guilty of a ________
Class 5 felony
Extortion is a _______
Class 5 felony
If any person have in his possession any tools, implements or outfit, with intent to commit burglary, robbery or larceny, upon conviction thereof he shall be guilty of a _________
Class 5 felony
If someone has more than 1/2 ounce of marijuana they are guilty of _________
Class 5 felony
Threatening, attempting or assisting in such abductions is a ______
Class 5 felony
Any person who shall be guilty of the larceny of any poultry of the value of $5 or more, but of the value of less than $500 or of a sheep, lamb, swine, or goat, of the value of less than $500 shall be guilty of a __________
Class 6 felony
If you have two prior convictions of an offense against a family member or a offense under the law of any other jurisdiction which has the same elements of any of the above offenses all of which occurred within a period of 20 years on different dates is a ________
Class 6 felony
Penalties upon convictions for any larceny, embezzlement, unauthorized use of auto, motor vehicle theft (attempt), failure to return property (rental), receiving stolen property is a __________
Class 6 felony
Strangulation is guilty of _______
Class 6 felony
The third offense of concealment/shoplifting is a _______
Class 6 felony
What is the penalty of violation of possession or transportation of certain firearms by certain persons?
Class 6 felony
Any person who shall take, drive or use any animal, aircraft, vehicle, boat or vessel, not his own, without consent of the owner thereof and in the absence of the owner, and with the intent to temporarily deprive the owner of his possession thereof with the intent to steal the same, shall be guilty of a ________. If the value of the possession is less than $500 it is a __________
Class 6 felony ; class 1 misdemeanor
Any person who carnally knows, w/o force, victim is 13-14 who consents to sexual intercourse and the accused is a minor and victim is more than 3 years junior to the accused (as a juvenile) is guilty of __________ but is less than 3 years junior to the accused is guilty of _________
Class 6 felony; class 4 misdemeanor
Virginia makes it a _________ for the subject of a protective order to purchase or transport a firearm
Class I misdemeanor
What are the two main categories that evidence falls into?
Class and individual evidence
Regardless of examinations conducted can only be placed in a category or group
Class evidence
A suspect's invocation of rights must be _______ and ________
Clear and precise
All three options when dealing with juveniles result in _________
Clear by arrest (CBA) clearance
How should you position your vehicle for a show up?
Close enough so victim/witness can clearly see the subject -nighttime considerations (use of spotlight) -vision tends to worsen in darkness
Fill frame in order to identify each item of evidence (with and without scale)
Close-up photos
________ establishes laws that govern conduct across the Commonwealth
Code of Virginia
What are some wats to stay alert during surveillance?
Coffee, check in, keep notes, light snacks, change position or assignments
A true name file on an informant will be held by ___________ and the envelope can only be opened in the presence of __________
Commanding Office; control officer
Based on precedent, or case law, new laws are created based on the decisions made by judges, judges make decisions based on the decisions made in previous cases
Common law
What is the difference between common law burglary and statutory burglary?
Common law burglary in which the entry must occur at nighttime and statutory burglary which requires intent ot commit a enumerated offense or felony
Confession to an incident of interest
Confession evidence
What dos CVIN stand for?
Confidential vehicle identification number
When responding to a domestic dispute you should demonstrate __________
Conflict resolution skills to maintain calm and prevent a situation from becoming worse
What is the least intrusive encounter between police and citizens?
Consensual encounter
When performing a traffic stop and you need to get into the car what type of search will you be able to or want to conduct?
Consensual, Carroll doctrine, inventory search
what is the proper body/arm positioning for continual movement of traffic?
Continue motion for the traffic to keep moving. This may continue for a prolonged period of time.
A misdemeanor offense that covers any activity by an adult, engaged in with a minor that "renders the child in need of services", minor child neglects ad abuses fall under this code section as well
Contributing to the delinquency of a minor
For 18.2-308.2. Possession or transportation of firearms, firearms ammunition, stun weapons, explosives or concealed weapons by convicted felons; penalties what are the three things that are considered as convicted felon?
Convicted of a felony • Adjudicated delinquent as a juvenile 14 years of age or older at time of offense (for listed violent offenses) • Any person under the age of 29 who was adjudicated delinquent as a juvenile 14 years of age or older at the time of the offense of a delinquent act which would be a felony if committed by an adult (other than referenced in #2)
Why use terrorism?
Cost effective, offers a wide variety of technological options, can also be deniable, gain attention, express frustration
For a case file the entire document should be typed in __________ font, and size _____
Courier New; 12
Electronic surveillance is installed only by _________
Court order
Persons other than the card holder forge the cardholders name ad or any sales receipt
Credit card forgery
With intent to fraud you obtain money, goods, or services obtained by use of a credit card number or credit card obtained in violation of 18.2-192
Credit card fraud
The elements of this crime includes A. If any person carnally knows in any manner any brute animal or voluntarily submits to such carnal knowledge, he is guilty of a Class 6 felony. B. Any person who performs or causes to be performed cunnilingus, fellatio, anilingus, or anal intercourse upon or by his daughter or granddaughter, son or grandson, brother or sister, or father or mother is guilty of a Class 5 felony. However, if a parent or grandparent commits any such act with his child or grandchild and such child or grandchild is at least 13 but less than 18 years of age at the time of the offense, such parent or grandparent is guilty of a Class 3 felony. C. For the purposes of this section, parent includes step-parent, grandparent includes step-grandparent, child includes step-child, and grandchild includes step-grandchild.
Crimes against nature
this 3 part form is white in color completed by the magistrate when probable cause has been presented to the petitioner on the DMH 1006 form that allows a subject to be taken into involuntary custody and transported to a suitable location for medical treatment and/or screening and evaluation for further medical and/or mental health treatment
DC-492 (ECO) or Civil Mental Emergency Custody Order
this is a 4 part form completed by the magistrate after the respondent has been screened by local mental health emergency services and is found in need of mental health treatment. this order is used to place the respondent into a mental health facility. it can also be used to order the respondent to get medical treatment, involuntarily
DC-494 (TDO) or Civil Mental Temporary Detention Order
What are examples of general exceptions allowing for custodial misdemeanor arrest if in the presence of the officer?
DUI, Illegal consumption, DUI commercial, BUI/Reckless, alcohol in the blood commercial, operating watercraft after conviction, public intoxication, offense is driving on suspended license and judge has signed an order allowing custodial, warrant on file message transmitted for person, remaining at place of riot or unlawful assembly after being ordered to disperse
What can we provide to people?
Date, general location, injuries, property damage, who is investigating, person arrest
_____________ surrounding the re-initiation of contract with the investigator must be thoroughly documented
Date, time, and the specific details
What should be mentioned in the first sentence of a victim interview followed by what?
Date/time and location followed by a complete statement of victim
What is the prison term and fine for a class 1 felony?
Death, or life imprisonment and up to $100,000 fine
A preliminary protective order for a child may be issued if it is ___________
Deemed necessary to protect a child's life, health, safety or normal development pending the final determination of any matter before the court
This is the easiest type of informant to control
Defendant informant
Victim identity must be _______ not ______
Definitive; circumstantial
this case established that a simple statement by an officer that he fears for his safety or the safety of others is not enough; there must be objective factors to justify such a concern
Deorle v Rutherford
According to 15.2-1721 firearms must be ________ or________
Destroyed (by shredding) or donated to the department of forensic science
What are the two differences between a runaway and a missing person report?
Did victim leave voluntarily? Or are they suffering from mental illness
What types of terms should you use when giving death notifications?
Died, deceased, dead; not gone away, passed on, left us, with God now
If the custody order is from a jurisdiction outside of Virginia Beach, the officer(s) shall _______
Direct the complainant to the VBJDRC so that the order can be recognized by the judge in our city
If the victim is uncooperative and does not want to report the offense to you or have a PERK collected, then we _______
Do not try to talk them into it - you may be successful by simply putting the victim in contact with a YWCA Response worker
What should we do when handling suspects?
Document any spontaneous statements, separate suspects as soon as possible, take their cell phones
A) involve acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State; (B) appear to be intended- (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping; and (C) occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States
Domestic terrorism
What are examples of photos only cases?
Domestics, destruction of property, hit and run, accidents without fatalities, natural death investigations, etc
How is LSD Packaged?
Dosage units can be placed on blotter paper, sugar cubes, liquid stored in small glass vials, is derogates by sunlights users will wrap paper units in aluminum foil
What is the rule of thumb when roping off a crime scene?
Double whatever you think you need
Search
Either consensual or incident to arrest. A search incident to arrest is a full and complete search for evidence and weapons within the immediate control of the arrestee.
When handling child custody disputes if voluntary compliance is not achieved, advise the parties to _________
Either contact their attorneys or the VBJDR Court
Any non consensual, unwanted sexual contact with an older adult
Elder sexual abuse
This type of surveillance involves monitoring of communications and activities by electronic means
Electronic
If any person wrongfully and fraudulently use, dispose of, conceal or embezzle any money, bill, note, check, order, draft, bond, receipt, bill of lading or any other personal property, tangible or intangible, which he shall have received for another or for his employer, principal or bailor, or by virtue of his office, trust, or employment, or which shall have been entrusted or delivered to him by another or by any court, corporation or company, shall be guilty of _________
Embezzlement
This provides equal protection under the law for victims of sexual assault, stalking, and dating violence whereby 'family abuse' does not apply
Emergency protective order
What's the point of establishing boundaries at crime scenes?
Ensure safety/security and that o evidence is lost
If the victim wants to prosecute for unauthorized use what should you do?
Enter vehicle into NCIC before clearing case
______occurs whenever any part of a person's body comes within the premises
Entering
For a Carroll doctrine search what is the scope of the search?
Entire vehicle and its contents, locked and unlocked containers, original seal of container not to be breached
How does hotel/motel interdiction work?
Establish a network with hotel management and staff, educate staff on what to look for, advise management of cost and liability, crime solvers approach
A security assessment of a building should include what?
Evaluations and review of lighting; doors, windows, locks, landscaping, address markings, security alarms, fire safety consideration, safety of staff/customers (workplace safety), floor (layout) plan, closed-circuit TV, out buildings, other strategic consideration
What should you do when notifying parents of having their child in custody?
Explain the facts of the case and consequences in a non-judgmental manner, use appropriate degree of sensitivity, explain juvenile justice system to parents
If any person threatens injury to the character, person, or property of another person or accuse him of any offense, threatens to report him as being illegally in the United States and thereby extort money, property, or other evidence of debt from him, or any other person
Extortion
Any person who (i) threatens injury to the character, person, or property of another person, (ii) accuses him of any offense, (iii) threatens to report him as being illegally present in the United States, or (iv) knowingly destroys, conceals, removes, confiscates, withholds or threatens to withhold, or possesses any actual or purported passport or other immigration document, or any other actual or purported government identification document, of another person, and thereby extorts money, property, or pecuniary benefit or any note, bond, or other evidence of debt from him or any other person, is guilty of a Class 5 felony
Extortion of money, property or pecuniary benefit 18.2-59
What agencies does SID work with?
FBI, DEA, ATF, & HSI
Photos get uploaded to _______
FCM
Force, threat or intimidation of the victim
FTI
any person comes into the possession as bailee of any animal, aircraft, vehicle, boat or vessel, and fail to return the same as to agreement, he shall be guilty of larceny. Punishment shall be as to according to value of the thing stolen.
Failure to return rental property
When determine property values, the courts will take into consideration ___________
Fair market value
T/F : there is a weight requirement for code 18.2-250.1 for marijuana possession
False
T/F: Four-corners approach is just for inside scenes
False
T/F: IA is the judge and the jury
False
T/F: It is not illegal to sell drug paraphernalia and they are not subject to seizure
False
T/F: Physical evidence cannot include transient evidence
False
T/F: Procedures and provisions for preliminary and for "permanent" protective orders in cases of stalking are otherwise not the same as in cases of family abuse
False
T/F: The medical exams that are done to recover evidence from sexually assaulted victims are done at a local hospital
False
T/F: When committing a felony the use or display of firearm does not qualify as a separate charge
False
T/F: an autopsy can be used to determine cause in a Natural death
False
T/F: families do get an option to have an autopsy done by our medical examiner
False
T/F: for wholesale packaging of marijuana there is a set weight or size and it is not up to their imagination
False
T/F: http://FCM.vbgov.com is not the only official archiving system for the department.
False
T/F: if you handle the drugs, you may also handle the money
False
T/F: imprisonment is Not an element of first-degree murder
False
T/F: in unauthorized use cases most victims do not know the suspect
False
T/F: it is not illegal for a person with a protective order to purchase or transport a firearm
False
T/F: media relations will release information regarding a descendent even if NOK is not notified
False
T/F: officers are required to notify a Homicide Detective on natural deaths where the primary care physician has agreed to sign a death certificate
False
T/F: the business where a robbery occurred can be a victim of a robbery
False
T/F: the citizen's desire to leave a consensual encounter can elevate the encounter to the next level
False
T/F: the governing body of every locality in the performance of its duties, obligations and functions, may not adopt ordinances, resolutions and motions
False
T/F: the terms abduction and kidnapping are not synonymous
False
T/F: we can take a child from one parent to the other in a custody dispute
False
T/F: when yielding responsibly to an investigator the specialty is not necessary, you can call anyone
False
T/F: you can alter the margins on a PD-3 case file document or on the tables
False
T/F: you can make promises to defendant informants
False
T/F: you may use facilities and phone inside scene
False
Forgery is a ________ no matter what the dollar amount
Felony
The passing of any forged document or counterfeit money is a _______
Felony
The possession of 10 or more counterfeit bills is a _______, regardless of the denomination
Felony
The killing of one accidentally, contrary to the intention of the parties, while in the prosecution of some felonious act other than those specified in 18.2-31/32
Felony homicide
Murder, other than capital murder, by poison, lying in wait, imprisonment, starving, or by any willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing, or in the commission of, or attempt to commit, arson, rape, forcible sodomy, inanimate or animate object sexual penetration, robbery, burglary or abduction, except as provided in § 18.2-31, is murder of the ___ degree, punishable as a Class 2 felony.
First
Murder, other than capital murder, by poison, lying in wait, imprisonment, starving, or by any willful, deliberate, ad premeditated killing, or in the commission of, or attempt to commit, arson, rape, forcible sodomy, inanimate or animate object sexual penetration, robbery, or burglary
First degree murder
Strong arm robbery is when a person takes property from another by using:
Force and/or threat and/or intimidation
What is the main criteria for abduction that is important?
Force intimidation or deception
What is important for a differentiation for robbery and other similar crimes?
Force, threat, or intimidation
Engaging in cunnilingus, fellatio, anilingus, or anal intercourse when victim is under 13 or act accomplished using FTI, or through victim's mental incapacity or physical helplessness
Forcible sodomy
An in rem action; it is civil action against the property itself fo being used or acquired in an illegal manner
Forfeiture
Any writing to prejudice another's rights
Forgery
When taking photos you need to work from ________ to ________
General to specific
the new standard referred to as the Objective Reasonableness Standard was established in ________
Graham v Connor
what case establish that the standard does not involve subjective inquiries into the law enforcement officer's thoughts, feelings, and motivations?
Graham v. Connor
What forms can cocaine come in?
Hard rock, flake, power, cocaine base
An officer conducts a traffic stop and observes a box of 9mm rounds in plain view on the passenger seat. The officer receives consent to search the vehicle, but does not find any further weapons or ammunition. The 40 year old driver states that he is a convicted felon from a robbery conviction from 8 years ago, so he does not carry a firearm anymore. What, if anything, can the driver be charged with?
He was in possession of ammunition ✔ He is a convicted felon ✔ He was convicted as an adult (32 years old) §18.2-308.2. Possession of ammunition by a convicted felon is illegal.
What are some examples of narcotics?
Heroin and opium derivatives
What are the best two characteristics to have for the best lighting?
High visibility and low glare
What are other investigative responsibilities for SID?
Homicide investigations, sex crime investigations, stakeouts, & extensive surveillance investigations
Who will be contacted and handle abductions of adults?
Homicide unit
___________ allows active qualified officers and retired qualified officers to carry concealed weapons not to include: machine gun, firearm silencer, any destructive device
House Bill 218, Law enforcement safety act of 2004
What forms need to be filled out for a hate crime?
IBR, SP-47, supervisor notified, SI notified
DNA is unique with the exception of ________
Identical twin
When it comes to investigating you should _________________
Identify and seize as evidence any and all related paperwork
The unlawful use of a person's name, DOB, SSN, bank account numbers, or any other identifying information unique to an individual, or any combination of the above
Identity theft
What are the three components of terrorism?
Ideology, act of violence, and criminal nexus (federal violation)
Understanding
If the arrestee does not understand that he is being arrested, then the arrest is invalid. If the arrestee is under the influence of drugs or alcohol, unconscious or insane, understanding is not a necessary element of the arrest
what is covered in vice investigations?
Illegal gambling, prostitution, ABC violations, escorts, crimes against nature, and narcotic investigations
What is included under custodial indecent liberties?
Immediate and step family members as well as traditional supervisor roles (teachers, pastors, bosses)
Objects or materials that have retained the characteristics of other objects through direct impression
Impression
What is the most overlooked type of evidence at a crime scene?
Impressions
Types of equipment limited only by ______________
Improvisational ability of the officers themselves
You should always attempt to notify the Next of Kin ________
In person and utilize chaplains if available
How does IA take complaints?
In person, letter, phone, email, anonymously, city website
How can prescription drugs be packaged?
In prescription bottle, alto is tins, dealers will use sandwich bags, in suspect's pocket
Inhalants are packaged how?
In their own container
With a victim less than 15, a person 18 years or older, with lascivious intent knowingly: -exposes their genitals, or proposes that the child do so -proposes that a child fondle the suspect's sexual parts, or propose that they fondle the sexual parts of the child -the proposition of the victim to participate in any of the acts of sexual contact that we have covered -finally, enticement of a child into a vehicle, room, or house for these purposes
Indecent liberties with a minor
Positively identified as coming from a specific source or person
Individual evidence
One who discloses information against others, often in return for some form of compensation
Informant
What is the key word in all of the burglary codes?
Intent
A) involve violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State, or that would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or of any State; (B) appear to be intended (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping; and C) occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States, or transcend national boundaries in terms of the means by which they are accomplished, the persons they appear intended to intimidate or coerce, or the locale in which their perpetrators operate or seek asylum
International terrorism
A process designed to develop an admission of guilt
Interrogation
A non-accusatory process in which the officer asks questions designed to develop factual information
Interview
You should always start with an _________ before an __________
Interview; interrogation
A thorough documentation of a follow up investigation, by the investigating officer, which is placed into a standardized format
Investigative report (PD-3)
The killing of one accidentally contrary to the intention of the parties, in the prosecution of some unlawful, but not felonious act, or in the improper performance of a lawful act
Involuntary manslaughter
If the robbery occurs inside a business, the business is listed as _________ or _______ on the IBR
Involved other, victim #2
If someone wishes to re-initiate contact with the investigator after previously invoking their Miranda rights the investigator _______
Is required to re-advice the suspect of their Miranda Rights and obtain a new waiver
The 1973 Supreme Court decision in ______ supplied the four part test which became known as the Substantive Due Process Standard under the 8th and 14th amendments
Johnson v. Glick
16.1-241 provides that jurisdiction for family law and family law cases, to include but is not limited cases involving: family assault/abuse/violence, child abuse, neglect and delinquency cases, and other family related matters resides with the __________
Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court
What are some examples of hallucinogens?
LSD, Phencyclidine, Psilocybin mushrooms
what are some types of hallucinogens?
LSD, Psilocybin (mushroom), Ecstasy (MDMA), Mathamphetamine
If the taking of property is not forceful, is it _______; if it is accompanied by force or fear directed against a person, it is _________, a much more serious offense
Larceny; robbery
A manner, gesture, or feeling, or revealing a overt and often offensive sexual desire
Lascivious
What is a important requirement of indecent liberties?
Lascivious intent
What are the two crime prevention methods?
Law enforcement and community cooperation
What does an inventory search require?
Lawful custody of vehicle and complies with written police policy or procedure
Blood no longer circulates, settles to the lowest points, purplish with a blanching color, contact points will push it aside, indicates post mortem movement, appears in 30 minutes to 1-2 hours, will not shift after 12 hours
Livor Mortis
_________ are authorized through the Cod of Virginia, they allow a locality to institute specific rules that assist in the law and order of that locality
Local ordinances
Whose responsibility is it to serve a protective order or preliminary protective order at the conclusion of the full hearing?
Local sheriff's department
Every contact leaves a trace
Locard's exchange principle
The biggest hurdle at a natural death investigation is _________
Locating a doctor to sign the death certificate in the middle of the night
What are characteristics of good lighting at night for natural surveillance?
Looks good, allows for good visibility, should be bright but not blinding or producing glare, doors and windows should be illuminated
If any person maliciously shoot, stab, cut, or wound any person or by any means cause him bodily injury, with the intent to maim, disfigure, disable, or kill
Malicious assault
An unbiased (neutral) third party assists other parties involved in a dispute towards a solution
Mediation
If your hate crime falls short of an IBR what should you do?
Memos, F.I. Cards or phone calls to S.I. For help
Link between overall and close ups showing relationships of pertinent evidence; establishes an item as evidence or point of interest
Midrange photos
a _____ by itself is legally insignificant but a valid ________ is of great legal consequence
Miranda warning; Miranda waiver
The possession of less than 10 counterfeit bills is a ___________, regardless of the denomination
Misdemeanor
Who will be contacted to handle any suspected parental abduction?
Missing persons unit
This type of surveillance involves following a target by vehicle or on foot from a distance and observing their movements or activities
Mobile
What changes it from imprisonment to abduction?
Moved to a different location
While maliciously discharging a firearm within or against any occupied building or dwelling that is occupied by one or more persons putting them in peril that results in the Event of death and willful, deliberate and premeditated is guilty of _________
Murder in the first degree
While maliciously discharging a firearm within or against any occupied building or dwelling that is occupied by one or more persons putting them in peril that results in the event of death is guilty of __________
Murder in the second degree
For the two SP forms must be entered into _______ and be faxed to __________ within _________ of the initial call
NCIC; Virginia State Police; two hours
what is an example of a federal resource for terrorism?
NJTTF
Should we tow vehicles while waiting for SID?
NO
What can give you probable cause to search a vehicle?
Narcotics in plain view, reliable informant, canine alert
What are the responsibilities for special investigations?
Narcotics investigations, vice investigations, interdiction, intelligence, computer crimes, diversion
Third party serves as an advocate (supporter) for one party in a dispute
Negotiation
What are the ways for security in neighborhoods?
Neighborhood watch
The autopsy is usually performed ______
Next business day
Can anyone not lawfully present in the U.S. own a firearm?
No
Can you discuss the investigation with an informant?
No
Can you examine the victim in front of family/friends?
No
Can you turn on lights, ceiling fan, A/C or heat at a crime scene?
No
Do we share personal information?
No
Does a protective order have to be initiated in VA to prevent firearm
No
Does the child have to be involved in a domestic violence incident for you to call CPS?
No
Does the original person who stole the goods have to be charged in order for someone to be charged with receiving stolen property?
No
For an assault against a family or household member to be a class 6 felony does it have to be against the same person?
No
If someone shoots into an occupied building, do people need to be present for it to be considered occupied?
No
If someone wants to anonymously make a complaint, are we going to turn them away?
No
Is a broken window alone enough for an attempt motor vehicle theft?
No
Is it safe to wave flares in the air?
No
Is there a specific code section fo breach of the peace?
No
Without parting of the skin can there be wounding?
No
Is it required that a parent be present for the reading of Miranda to juveniles?
No but it is recommended
can you clear a missing persons case as "no report" after a report number has bee generated?
No even if the person shows up while the report is being made
Is there a specific code for marital sexual assault?
No its just rape
What is the jail term and fine for a class 4 misdemeanor?
No jail and fine of not more than $250
What is the jail term and fine for a class 3 misdemeanor?
No jail and fine of not more than $500
Wholesale packing of marijuana has _______
No set weight or size, usually pressed into blocks for transportation, and can be pressed into objects for trafficking to avoid detection
Is everything open to the public?
No we have some exceptions
Do police have authority to order the return of a child based solely upon the civil custody/visitation orders issued by the Court to the Parties?
No, its a civil matter
If you arrest a juvenile for a criminal violation can you release them on a summons?
No, notify a parent or guardian (if not emancipated)
Class 6 felonies are punishable by imprisonments in a state correctional facility for _____________ or in the discretion of the jury or court trying the case without a jury, be confined _________ or ___________
Not less than one nor more than 20 years; in jail for a period not exceeding 12 months or fined not more than $2,500 either or both
If interrogating a juvenile, attempt to _______
Notify a parent or legal guardian of the child's location and charges
If you receive information that a juvenile is a victim of a crime at the hands of an individual that maintains a custodial relationship over that child, you are required by state code to __________
Notify child protective services
Animate or inanimate sexual penetration of the vagina or anus with a victim under 13, with FTI, or mental incapacity or physical helplessness
Object sexual penetration
Forensics science is an _________ process that is based on _______
Objective; fact-finding
Unlawful to obtain a VA driver's licenses, identification card, registration, title or other document issued by DMV if the person has to satisfied all legal and procedural requirements for the issuance thereof, or is not legally entitled thereto, including obtaining any document issued by DMV through the use of counterfeit, forged or altered documents
Obtaining documents from DMV when not entitled to them
If any person obtain, by any false pretense or toke, from any person, with the intent to defraud, money or other property which may be the subject of larceny
Obtaining money by false pretenses
How is heroin packaged?
Off white powder, usually sold by the "cap" or by the "bundle", sold as "raw" un-capped in baggies in weights similar to cocaine, sandwich bags, ziploc bags, jeweler bags, etc
If a victim expresses they may not have the means by which to get to court to obtain a preliminary protective order you should _________
Offer the services fo the Samaritan house or our victim advocate
What kind of investigations does IA do?
Officer involved shootings, brutality, corruption, miss use of force, criminal offenses
As with any operation that law enforcement is involved in __________ should always be a priority
Officer safety
Who handles motions for discoveries?
Officers
Who is required to complete an IBR on a robbery?
On scene officer
What type of questions should you ask when interviewing or interrogating?
Open ended questions
For dark complexions you can ___________
Open up two stops or adjust the power of your flash to compensate
What is the number one drug of choice?
Opioids
Hotels are places of _________
Opportunity
What part of the crime prevention triangle can we as police officers control?
Opportunity
General photographs of crime scene; eye level; what you see when you walk in
Overall photos
What are the types of photos?
Overall, midrange, close-up, and supplementary
Items you want processed go to ______ and a form goest to ________
P&E; FSU
For a runaway the parent/guardian will be given a _________
PD Form 143
For runaways What two forms do you complete and who must sign it?
PD18R1 and SP 183; signed by Parent/guardian
For missing adults what two forms do you complete and who must sign it?
PD18R1 and SP 67; signed by complainant
What is the form to request for fingerprint comparison?
PD47
What is the form to request for evidence processing?
PD48
What is the form to request for video processing?
PD92
This is committed by a parent of a person abducted and is puisheable as contempt of court in any proceedings then pending, the offense
Parental abduction
At risk missing persons over the age of 21 will be entered by the NCIC clerk only when _______ of the SP is completed and signed by the reporting person
Part IV (authority for release)
Who should be listed as the victim for a robbery IBR?
Person that is robbed
Who can give consent to searching a car?
Person who owns or controls vehicle or person who shares, use, access, or control
What is required for the order to become effective?
Personal service
Part of planning is ensuring that the right __________ and ________ are being utilized properly
Personnel and equipment
If evidence must be moved due to officer safety or possible destruction of the evidence while waiting for SID:
Photograph evidence if possible and wear gloves to prevent contamination
Relating to, or consisting of, photographs
Photographic evidence
What does PERK stand for?
Physical Evidence Recovery Kit
Actual Seizure
Physical element during the detainment
For carjacking the victim must be in control of the vehicle by either _______ or ___________
Physical or constructive possession
If the issues stem from _________ at home, CHINS is not appropriate
Physical or sexual abuse
you should use techniques of _________ and _______ to talk with people who are emotionally upset in a manner to calm them, or to communicate an emergency
Positive verbal skills and body language
What are the communication skills for responding to noise complaints?
Positive, informative, patient
A victim of family abuse or an act of violence, force, or threat may petition for a _________
Preliminary protective order
What are the two important points to qualify as disorderly conduct?
Prevents or interferes with orderly conduct or has a direct tendency to cause acts of violence
The main actor of the offense
Principal in the first degree
Present but not actual actor of the crime
Principal in the second degree
How do you submit fingerprint evidence?
Prints/envelope sent to AFIS
Circumstances during a traffic stop may lead to developing ______________
Probable cause towards an arrest
The PD-3 should always be written in a _____________, and the report is a direct reflection not only of _________ but also ________
Professional manner; you as a detective or officer; entire department
A court order of protection issued on behalf of an abused family/household member or a victim of an "act of violence, force or threat" (to include those not in a domestic relationship)
Protective order
Under 18.2-308.1:4. Purchase or transportation of firearm by person subject to protective orders; penalty it applies during the term of:
Protective order • Preliminary protective order • Similar order from another state
Courts orders pursuant to divorce, custody, visitation shall be treated the same as _________ and must be _________
Protective orders; entered into VCIN
All you need is ______ to detain teh property and screen case with commonwealth and __________
Reasonable suspicion; supervisor's permission
The element of this crime includes Any person who shall receive any money or other thing of value for or on account of procuring for or placing in a house of prostitution or elsewhere any person for the purpose of causing such person to engage in unlawful sexual intercourse or Crimes Against Nature
Receiving money for procuring person
The elements of this crime includes receiving money or other valuable from the earnings of a prostitute
Receiving monies from the earning of a prostitute
What are the primary objectives of terrorist?
Recognition, coercion, intimidation, provocation, insurgency support
What happens when someone is posted at a boundary?
Record every person who enters/exits
What are elements of neglect?
Refusal or failure to provide -food, water, clothing, shelter, personal hygiene, medication, medical care, comfort, personal safety or other essentials -this failure or refusal to provide care could be due to greed, power/control, physical or mental conditions, or any combination thereof
You should control the scene by ________
Removing the people from it and sealing it
What is the first duty as a police officer who arrives on scene?
Render aid, control situation
What are the patterns for foot patrol?
Repeating, saturation, random, selective, plain clothes, covert, stationary
What does RVIN stand for?
Replaced vehicle identification number
What should you do when the investigator arrive on scene?
Report all information gained to them, guide investigator through scene to aid in protecting evidence
When probable cause exists, custodial arrest of the predominant aggressor is ______, unless special circumstances dictate another course of action
Required
Foote V. Commonwealth
Requirements for an officer to show his badge when not in uniform and attempting to make an arrest.
What do you do if Next of Kin is out of the area?
Requires assistance from local jurisdiction's PD to assist with notification
What does code 15.2-1721 do?
Requires departments to hold firearms for 120 days before disposal
Someone who has responsibility for care, custody or control of an incapacitated person; by law, or who has assumed responsibility voluntarily
Responsible person
The taking, with intent to permanently deprive the owner of personal property, from his person or in his presence, against his will by force, threat, or intimidation
Robbery
Cars that previously had "junk" title or were "totaled" and were restored to road worthy condition get a new title and VIN after state inspection, the new VIN will not match any other VIN numbers on the vehicle doors or panels
SALVAGE VIN
Cell phone and computer analysis is completed by ______
SID
Officers reporting an adult under 21 will complete _____ and select the appropriate condition listed as _______ and requires the signature of the reporting person
SP-183, other
what form needs to be filled out when responding to a hate crime?
SP-47
Loaded or unloaded, utilizes a self-container cartridge that fires a number of ball shot pellets, barrel less than 18 inches for smooth bore or barrel less than 16 inches for rifled bored, calibers of less than .225 are not included
Sawed-off shotgun
This schedule of drug has no accepted medical use
Schedule 1
The possession of a firearm and a controlled susbstance, classified in ___________ of the Drug Control Act simultaneously is illegal
Schedule I or II
This schedule of drug has accepted medical use, high potential for abuse
Schedule II
This schedule of drug has accepted medical use, strong potential for abuse
Schedule III
A rating attributed to medical use of a substance and potential for abuse
Schedules
Outright indictments to be presented before the grand jury must be __________ before the case will be placed on an upcoming Grand Jury docket
Screened and a completed case report submitted to the Commonwealth Attorney
Vehicle searches
Search of a. Vehicle with PS or search incident to arrest for weapons, contraband, and evidence
This is the ultimate enforcement technique that officers want to get to
Search warrant
What is the code for disturbing the peace generally?
Sec. 23-10
What does SVIN stand for?
Secondary vehicle identification number
do not delete crime scene photos until ___________
Secured on the FCM server even if they are bad photos
The deprivation of property without compensation when teh property is generated by or used in a manner contrary to the laws of the sovereign
Seizure
What are examples of biological evidence?
Semen, urine, blood, ski cells (feces)
If you do not have enough information for an IBR then what do you do?
Send an email or memo with what you have to the SVU supervisor
What are the three parts of an alarm system?
Sensors, controls, contacts
You want to ensure that ______ of the counterfeit money is included in the property section and the narrative. This will assist the detectives with linking the same bills to one suspect
Serial number
A copy of the Emergency protective order, preliminary protective order, or permanent protective order must be ____________
Served on the respondent as soon as possible
Minors (under 18) induced into commercial sex or adults (18 or older) induced into commercial sex via force, fraud or coercion
Sex trafficking
There are far less restrictive requirements for these and they are sexually abuses by FTI or by ruse; within 2 yr period, more than one victim or one victim on more than one occasion intentionally and without the consent of teh victim sexual abuse
Sexual battery
What is included under contributing to the delinquency of a minor?
Sexual intercourse, providing alcohol/tobacco
Where does rigor mortis begin?
Smaller muscles (tigers, hands, jaw)
What are examples of class evidence?
Soil, single layer paint, PRK, tool marks and shoes impressions without individuality
Constructive Seizure
Someone voluntarily submits
What domestic terrorist groups are politically motivated?
Sovereign citizens, moorish nation, washitaw nation, anarchist extremism (antics, anonymous)
A person convicted of violating the no trespass, no further abuse, or no contact provisions of a protective order must _________
Spend "some" time in jail
Authority
State laws authorize police officers to detain and place citizens into custody.
In order to qualify for peeping Tom a victim must be in a __________
State of undress
What are things you need to see that it is drug paraphernalia?
Statements, proximity to dope, instructions, advertising, how displayed, are they a tobacco dealer?, expert testimony, legit uses?, does seller know what the devices will be used for?
This type of surveillance involves observing a person, place or thing from a fixed point
Stationary
What are the patterns for vehicle patrol?
Stationary, random, selective, saturation, grid, circle
Knowing and willful failure to care by a responsible person, failure to provide treatment, goods or services, resulting in injury or endangering safety
Statutory definition of neglect
Written law as decided by the legislature or other government agency
Statutory law
What do you look for in rigor?
Stiffness, unable to bend arms/legs; varies over time; limbs sticking up against gravity, indication of post Mortem movement
What is the goal when responding to attempt suicide?
Stop or delay persons attempting to commit suicide
What is the difference between strangulation and choking?
Strangulation is external and choking is internal (something blocking airway internally)
What does the "works" kit for meth ingestion contain?
Straw for snorting, glass meth pipe for smoking
persons present at the scene of a search warrant execution usually may be detained during the search is Called the ____________
Summers rule
What can the officer search the residence for in hot pursuit?
Suspect only
What are the dispositions?
Sustained, unsustained, exonerated, unfounded
What are examples of scenes with basic processing or collection?
Swabbing red stains, collecting guns from TAFC
What is very important during a show-up?
Take detailed/verbatim notes on what victim/witness said
If victim/witness feels they can ID the suspect, you should _______
Take them to the suspect location, preferably in your police vehicle
What do you do when a felony worthless check case?
Tell them to write a 5 day demand letter and send them to ECU
in 1985 Supreme Court in _________ set forth the standard to be applied in the context of a law enforcement officers use of deadly force, and additionally determine "the constitutionality of the use of deadly force to prevent the escape of an apparently unarmed suspected felon
Tennessee v. Garner
By agreement with the Commonwealth Attorney, _________ will be utilized when forwarding case documents tot he Commonwealth Attorney
The Commonwealth Attorney's/Services File Form (PD-3A)
All felony worthless checks are worked by ______
The E.C.U.
If an emergency protective order is issued the officer must complete _______ and submit if for entry ________
The EPO form (DC-626); ASAP
This ensures people of the Commonwealth access to public records in the custody of a public body
The VIrginia Freedom of Information Act
A parental abduction is a class 6 felony when _____
The child is removed from the commonwealth by the abducting parent
What can be seized is limited only by __________
The criminal investigation
Who is the burden of proof on for forfeiture?
The defendant/owner to show property was not used or obtained in an illegal manner
the SVIN is usually located on ________
The firewall, engine compartments, etched in windows, under front passenger seat
Who assumes full responsibility for protecting the crime scene?
The first officer to arrive on the scene of the crime
An officer may request an extension of an emergency protective order if :
The individual in need of protection is physically and/or mentally incapable of filing the order to allow them time to seek a preliminary protective order
Scope of the search
The scope of the search of the arrested person and the circumstances when the search may be extended beyond the person.
All murder other than capital murder and murder in the First Degree is murder of ________
The second degree
there should always be a victim interview unless ________
The victim is a business or the Commonwealth of Virginia; then the first interview should be a witness interview the the complainant as the first witness
What needs to happen for a worthless check to be a crime?
There needs to be 5 day demand letter
If a juvenile has been tried as an adult, ________________
They can no longer be tried as a juvenile in JDRC and all future charges must be on a warrant (not petition)
Interrogation should be reserved for ________
Those situations when the suspect's guilt has been established from the investigation as reasonably certain
Some at risk cases include:
Those suffering from mental illness, life threatening medical problems, suicidal, homicidal
What are factors that can affect the usefulness of information from field contacts/intelligence sources?
Timeliness and validity of information
You are to make ________ notification to parents when having a juvenile suspect
Timely
Evidence transferred between objects such as paint, hairs and fibers
Trace evidence
The elements of this crime includes Transporting or attempting to transport any person for the purpose of unlawful sexual intercourse, (Prostitution, crimes against nature, indecent liberties with a child, rape, etc
Transporting a person for the purpose of sex
T/F : Do not give Miranda warnings if you are not going to be the investigator (SI)
True
T/F : a locality has the authority to establish an ordinance for curfew and/or loitering by minors
True
T/F : maliciously discharge a firearm within or against any occupied building or dwelling that is occupied by one or more persons putting them in peril is a class 4 felony
True
T/F : officers should keep accurate notes of where the evidence was located
True
T/F: 15.2-1429 Penalties for violation of ordinances gives a locality the authority to prescribe fines and other punishment for violations of ordinances
True
T/F: 18.2-345, 23-25 Lewd and lascivious cohabitation was repealed in 2013
True
T/F: 18.2-91 is related ay other felony other than murder, rape, robbery, or arson
True
T/F: Always bring an arrested person before a magistrate
True
T/F: Breach of the peace is it a specific code it is more of a general phrase and referenced in the code in a variety of places
True
T/F: Do not try to prevent rescue from entering the scene
True
T/F: For the victim interview you should be sure to include or point out any information that contradicts information given by witnesses and/or suspects
True
T/F: From person means actually physically from their hands of body
True
T/F: If possible when calling out a SID leave evidence in place
True
T/F: It is mandatory to call SID for any drug overdose
True
T/F: Preliminary techniques are identical to pat downs
True
T/F: Ricin is a biological toxin
True
T/F: Under 18.2-50.2, law enforcement may take over emergency control of a telephone in a hostage/barricade situation with the help of the local phone company
True
T/F: VA Code 63.2-1518 allows police to talk to any child suspected of being abused or neglected or to any of his/her siblings without consent of and outside the presence of his parent, guardian, legal custodian, or other person standing in loco parentis, or school personnel
True
T/F: When determining a modus operandi a patrol officer can sometimes establish that of a suspect
True
T/F: a LEO may request an ex parte emergency protective order over the phone with a magistrate
True
T/F: according to General Order 11.04 there is no time period requirement for taking a report for a missing person
True
T/F: all decomposing bodies will be ME cases
True
T/F: all informant activities and contacts will be documented according to policy
True
T/F: all physical evidence is circumstantial evidence
True
T/F: an arrest can be made for a misdemeanor ot committed in the officer's presence
True
T/F: an at risk person can be any person
True
T/F: any breaks in the chain of custody could result in the loss of cases in court
True
T/F: any evidence of any crime observed during a hot pursuit warrantless entry may be seized
True
T/F: any firearm regardless of value that has been stollen shall be guilty of grand larceny
True
T/F: arrest without a warrant is authorized in certain misdemeanor cases to include domestic assault and violation of a protective order
True
T/F: behaviors observed or documented on a family disturbance call may or may not rise to the level of family abuse or of assault and battery against a family member/household member
True
T/F: corresponding criminal charges are not required fo forfeiture
True
T/F: do not allow anyone to touch or hold the victim until it is determined if it will be an ME case
True
T/F: don't tamper with or move firearms or other evidence unless absolutely necessary
True
T/F: during a traffic stop or other circumstances, an officer may encounter situations which wold lead a reasonable person to believe illicit narcotics or other contraband may be present
True
T/F: for the purposes of federal law, a missing child is considered any person who is under the age of 21
True
T/F: if SI is responding, please do not attempt to interview suspects
True
T/F: if an emergency protective order was originally obtained during the incident the process for the preliminary protective order is also printed for the victim
True
T/F: if the victim is not in a enclosure or room, the suspect must be recording the image (camera phone, video camera, etc)
True
T/F: it is illegal for any convicted felon to possess or transport firearms, firearms ammunition, stun weapons, explosives or concealed weapons
True
T/F: messages via KDT and body worn cameras will be released to the public, but some of the cameras will be redacted
True
T/F: most evidence is lost or gained depending on the crime scene
True
T/F: no narcotic evidence shall be destroyed until all rights of appeal have been exhausted
True
T/F: officers are able to release property to the rightful owner without sending it to P&E
True
T/F: petechial hemorrhage may be a sign of strangulation or suffocation
True
T/F: stalking may occur throughout multiple jurisdictions as long as ONE stalking action took place in Virginia Beach, we can charge them
True
T/F: the possession of such burglarious tools, implements or outfit by any person other than a licenses dealer, shall be prima favor evidence of an intent to commit burglary, robbery or larceny
True
T/F: the victims should not be transported to the hospital unless they are injured or complaining of pain or illness
True
T/F: we have to take complaints no matter what
True
T/F: we should install deadlocks, store ladder in garage, and install a bar on sliding doors
True
T/F: when interviewing a suspect you should identify strategy and questions prior to interview to determine who, what, when, where, why, how
True
T/F: when it comes to surveillance you should plan for every contingency possible
True
T/F: when the victim is identified make notification to Next Of Kin ASAP
True
Any payment or compensation to an informant will be conducted by a minimum of ______________ and will be _________
Two detectives; documented
Transfer DNA request can be sent to DFS, but is limited to ________
Two items per case
Equipment used for surveillance depends on ________
Type of operation
What do you look for in lucidity?
Typically dark purple/red in color and it usually collects in the lowest points
Any person who shall take, drive or use any animal, aircraft, vehicle, boat or vessel, not his own, without consent of the owner thereof and in the absence of the owner, and with the intent to temporarily deprive the owner of his possession thereof with the intent to steal the same, shall be guilty of a class 6 felony
Unauthorized use
This type of disposition is when the officer didn't do what the citizens said they did
Unfounded
This type of disposition is when the case is not founded and there is not enough evidence
Unsustained
What is the jail term and fine for a class 1 misdemeanor?
Up to 12 months in jail and fine of not more than $2500
What is the jail term and fine for a class 2 misdemeanor?
Up to 6 months in jail and fine of not more than $1000
It shall be unlawful for any person to obtain or attempt to obtain any drug or procure or attempt to procure the administration of any controlled substance or marijuana
VA State Code 18.2-258.1 : prescription fraud
Information about protective orders must be entered into _________ as soon as practicable and ____________ also must be entered
VCIN; date and time of service
What does VIN stand for?
Vehicle identification number
16.1-243 defies that the Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court provides _____ to hear all family related matters
Venue
This team supports and aids crime victims, families, and witnesses throughout the court process, empowering witnesses to testify while complying with the Virginia Constitutional Crime Victims' Bill of Rights and the Crime Victim ad Witness Rights Act
Victim-Witness Program
Use, threatened use, or advocacy of the use of force or violence in violation of federal law and in furtherance of a movement's social or political ideologies
Violent extremism
A telecommunication system which provides 24-hour access to virginia law enforcement agencies to enter and query information regarding an abduction or any matter dealing with missing children
Virginia Criminal Information Network (VCIN)
What is SP 183 for?
Virginia missing children information clearinghouse report
For a missing child the temporary or permanent address is in ________, whereabouts are _________, and _________
Virginia, unknown, who has been reported as missing to a law enforcement agency within the Commonwealth
Suicide is the act of taking one's own life _______ and _______
Voluntarily and intentionally
When handling child custody disputes you should try to seek _______
Voluntary compliance
The unlawful killing of another without malice actual or implied, upon a sudden heat, on reasonable provocation, or in mutual combat
Voluntary manslaughter
In order for an encounter to be consensual it is purely _______ and the citizen must ________
Voluntary; feel free to leave at anytime during the encounter
What do you do with counterfeit money?
Voucher th Romney
What might be important when confirming an informant's personal knowledge of a crime?
Was it a rumor?, from a third party, or personal experience?
What is the main thing you need to know when responding to a domestic dispute?
Was it physical?
Purchase , possession or transportation of firearm by persons adjudicated legally incompetent or mentally incapacitated
Was repealed in 2005 but some people may still fall under the adjudication set forth in those codes
any device or material that is designed, intended or used to cause death, bodily injury or serious bodily harm, through the release, dissemination, or impact of (i) poisonous chemicals; (ii) an infectious biological substance; or (iii) release of radiation or radioactivity
Weapon of terrorism
When must you read Miranda ?
When a suspect is both in custody and an interrogation is to take place
Subjection
When the arrestee submits or is forced into detainment by the officer by and actual or constructive seizure
The chain of custody shows _________
Who obtained the evidence; where and when it was obtained; who secured the evidence; and who had control or possession of the evidence
What is important for capital murder?
Willful, deliberate, and premeditated
What are examples of documentary evidence?
Wills, bank statements, mail, etc.
What are some types of electronic surveillance?
Wire intercepts, covert transmitters, GPS trackers
During your first contact with a victim it can be difficult, but you must try to conduct the interview _________
Without family and friends contributing, be sure to return to other witnesses before finishing up
What are the two elements of larceny?
Without the owner's consent and with the intention to permanently deprive the owner of possession of the goods
What are some things to put on windows to prevent breaking?
Wooden dowels, locks, Charlie bars, poly carbonate material
The check must be returned by the banks tamped account closed or not sufficient funds (NSF) and that shall be prima facie Evidence
Worthless check
A breach of the skin, or of the flesh, produced by external violence
Wound
Code 19.2-386.23 requires what for drugs to be disposed of?
Written permission from the department and a court order and consent from the commonwealth attorney
Are juveniles afforded the same fifth and sixth amendment rights as adults?
Yes
Can a citizen just walk in and ask for a police report?
Yes
Can a preliminary protective order be issued ex parte without the respondent present?
Yes
Can a suspect re-initiate a conversation after they have invoked their right to remain silent or their right to counsel?
Yes
Can evidence be placed into more than one category of evidence?
Yes
Can you delete photos from your memory card once the photos have been uploaded to FCM?
Yes
Does a reasonable complaint of family abuse constitute probable cause to arrest?
Yes
Does the custody and release need to be documented on a voucher?
Yes
Does the suspect have to provide a knowing and intelligent waiver of their rights?
Yes
For counterfeit currency is an IBR required?
Yes
For the witness interview is it the same format as victim?
Yes
If you are in hot pursuit can an officer pursue suspect into the residence to effect the arrest?
Yes
Is a written report required any time an officer believes that assault and battery against a family/household member or family abuse has occurred whether or not an arrest is made?
Yes
Should we limit the use of cones in curves or turns?
Yes
Should we limit the use of flares in curves?
Yes
once the investigator is on teh scene are they now in charge of it?
Yes
Is there a specific code for larceny of certain animals?
Yes 18.2-97
If you complete an IBR do you also need to complete a PD-3?
Yes this is an extension, and you use the same clearances
Is drinking on school grounds ever permitted
Yes, religious exception
______ are responsible for conducting a good preliminary investigation. The most important identifications are whether or not a crime occurred and what jurisdiction
You
Who is responsible for uploading photos?
You are responsible for uploading your own
Why am I so important as a CSO?
You might be the only person to see the victim/scene in its original condition
What should you do if a medical person/EMS personnel is telling you things about the victim?
You need to get their names so you can subpoena them
the slide and frame of a glock should be cleaned, as much as possible, with __________ before _______ because this takes off most of the fouling
a dry soft bristle brush; using any solvents
it is up to the officer to determine if the use of ____________, based on the factors
a firearm is justified
a search warrant is __________
a judicial order
a warrant application is taken to ___________
a neutral, detached judicial official who has authority under state law to issue search warrants
The evaluation for any person whom an emergency custody order is issued shall be made by _________
a person designated by the community services board or behavioral health authority who is skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness
when an officer is off-duty outside his jurisdiction he has the arrest authority of _________
a private citizen
If the officer has not said or done anything that would cause _____________, it does not matter that the officer has abundant probable cause and intends to arrest the individual at the conclusion of the interview
a reasonable (innocent) person to believe that he is in arrest-type custody
when trash has been placed in a public area for pick up, _____________
a reasonable expectation of privacy in the rash no longer exists
if the officer wants to enter a home in which the person to be arrested is merely a visitor and not a resident then what is required?
a search warrant or consent
miranda custody can occur prior to an arrest if __________
a suspect is placed in a police-dominated situation where a suspect experiences arrest-like restrictions, and it can occur in a improves interrogation room within a prison
if there is no consent, no hot pursuit, and no exigent circumstances _________ is required
a warrant
the hands when using an ASP must be kept ____________
above the waist in front of the body and not over extended
in order for an investigative detention to exceed being brief officers must be _________
actively and diligently pursuing investigation
what are the Physiological and psychological effects of OC?
affects the respiratory system in a majority; involuntary closure of eyes; involuntary extension of hands to facial area; burning sensation and inflammation of the eyes, mucous membranes, and a burning sensation to contaminate skin and tissues; excessive mucous from the nose; shortness of breath or feeling of suffocation; perceived inability to breathe
the warrant -base search should be terminated when ___________
all items subject to seizure under the warrant have been located or when it has become apparent that a search of reasonable scope and duration will not disclose the items to be seized
which of the following are important to building your case for a seizure? a) Virginia Employment commission B) the presence of items indicative of the distribution c) narcotics d) all of the above
all of the above
which of the following items are to be seized? a) over $500 US currency or its equivalent B) vehicles, c) artwork and artifacts d) all of the above
all of the above
why do we need a good shooting grip?
allows the officer to quickly establish proper sight alignment during the draw, allows for isolation and dexterity of the trigger finger, maintains sight alignment during recoil, and allows for rapid and accurate follow up shots
most rooms, buildings, or vehicles that have been contaminated with OC can be decontaminated in _______ through ________
an hour, normal ventilation
firing at a moving vehicle is prohibited except when the officer reasonably believes:
an occupant of the vehicle is using or threatening to use deadly force by means other than the vehicle or the vehicle is operated in a manner deliberately intended to strike and all other reasonable and available means of defense have been exhausted and the safety of innocent persons would not be unduly jeopardized
where can you find information about an extremist?
anti deformation league, FBI, hate crime statistics, hate crime information, southern poverty law center
who may issue an ECO?
any magistrate or any court with jurisdiction over a case if a defendant suffers a mental health crisis prior to trial
what is deadly force?
any use of force that is reasonably likely to cause death
when leaving the search scene, particularly one that is or will be unoccupied because of arrests, reasonable steps should be taken to ____________
assure that the premises are protected and/or secured
if an in-custody suspect asserts to would-be interrogators the right to silence the police must do what?
at least temporarily stop their interrogation efforts
what are some causes of a failure to fire?
bad ammunition, dirty weapon, or broken weapon
what is the proof needed in a criminal case?
beyond a reasonable doubt
which of the following types of equipment can be utilized during surveillance?
binoculars, cameras, recorders, notebooks
what paraphernalia is associated with animal fighting?
break stick, injectable antibiotics, treadmills, rape stand
investigative detentions must be ________
brief
what are some concealed weapon indicators?
bulges in pockets/waistbands, inappropriate attire, shirt tail out/baggy attire, person constantly checks area where the weapons is being carried, weapon paraphernalia, and turning body to keep weapon away
if the preceding Miranda violation is unintentional, a second statement ________ (can/cannot) be saved by the proper use of Miranda warning and waiver procedures
can
manmade force that pushes a body into a curved path, the force exerted on the vehicle by the front wheels when they are turned left or right
centripetal force
you are dispatched to a hate crime that occurred in the shopping mall, why would you contact your supervisor?
check with them to see if there needs to be follow up
an anonymous tip can often be corroborated by ____________
checking out the details provided by the tip
a _________ is an act that neither affects the common interest nor the community, nor does it violate a law or ordinance
civil matter
an officer may be held ___________ for executing an obviously defective warrant
civilly liable
animal cruelty is classified as a _________
class 1 misdemeanor
any person who violates the animal fighting cod is guilty of a ___________
class 1 misdemeanor
if a dog deemed dangerous bites or attacks a human being it is a _________
class 1 misdemeanor
if any owner or custodian whose willful act or omission in the care, control, or containment of a canine is culpable as to show a reckless disregard for human life and is the proximate cause of such dog or other animal attacking and causing serious bodily injury to any person it is a ________
class 6 felony
Physical evidence can be broken down into what to categories?
class and individual
what equipment is needed to care and clean your weapon?
cleaning rod, bore brush, soft bristle brush, gun cleaning solvent, patches, clean rag, Q tips, and lubricant
if a stray animal is posing an immediate threat you should ____________
clear the area of bystanders and take precautions, notify animal control
officers should ask for consent in a way that ____________
clearly indicates a real choice, should make their requests clear, and may also wish to define the scope of the search they wish to conduct
what are the two modes that a baton is used in?
closed and open
any container, open or shut, the contents of which are concealed from view and are not readily apparent
closed container
when the courts consider what all officers knew (ex. on officer knew A, B, C and officer 2 know D, E, F; no one officer know enough from RS or PC but together they did) this only applies to officers working together
collective knowledge
under _____________ you may not discriminate based on race
color of law
de-escalation may include the use of such techniques as _________
command presence, advisements, warnings, verbal persuasion, and tactical repositioning
_________ makes a claim immune to suit or relief when the immunity applies
commonwealth of Virginia sovereign immunity act
what are the types of damage awards?
compensatory and punitive
officer authority is always ____________
conditional
a magistrate may issue a warrant for a felony offense requested by a citizen only after the magistrate _________-
consults with law enforcement agency or Commonwealth's attorney
where the tire meets the road is called the ___________
contact patch
deadly force must not ____________
create a substantial risk of injury to innocent persons
what must a criminal complaint contain?
crime alleged, facts that support a determination of probable cause, and how the facts relate to the suspect
a location where a crime has very recently occurred or been discovered and where there is an apparent need for investigative action and/or emergency services
crime scene
the documentation of when a civilian is attempting to get a search warrant taken out on someone
criminal complaint
when decoding you should wipe exposed surfaces with ________________, ingredients ________ (can/cannot) be washed down any drain, clothing ________ (may/may not), and exposed foods should be ______________
damp rag and non-oil based soaps, can; may; discarder
_________ alone is not sufficient to furnish exigent circumstances; there must be an associated time criticality that makes getting a warrant impractical
danger
any canine that has bitten, attacked, or inflicted injury on a person or companion animal that is a dog or cat, or killed a companion animal that is a dog or a cat
dangerous dog
according to Garner there are two factors - ____________ and __________ - that are relevant to the question whether deadly force is constitutionally permissible
dangerousness and necessity
taking action of communicating verbally or non-verbally during a potential force encounter in an attempt to stabilize the situation and reduce the immediacy of the threat so that more time, options, and resources can be called upon to resolve the situation without the use of force or with a reduction in the force necessary
de-escalation
if a vehicles is used as force is is seen as _____ and officers should be prepared to __________ and it will be reviewed on ____________
deadly force, explain the facts surrounding the incident, objective facts
euthanasia via firearm is an emergency measure approved only for __________
deer and bear
who is the burden of proof on for a forfeiture hearing?
defendant
Driver, vehicle, and environment are all components of what?
defensive driving
in order to determine whether or not a suspect has been subject to involuntary commitment, mandatory outpatient treatment or had been released from voluntary admission after issuance of a TDO and had purchased a weapon, possessed a weapon or transported a weapon you must contact _________
department of state police
is heroin a depressant or stimulant?
depressant
what are some factors to consider when attempting to disarm?
distance/cover, type of weapon, obstacle, and will attempt jeopardize life or personal safety
According to sec. 23-10 distrubing the peace generally It shall be unlawful and a Class 1 misdemeanor for any person to ____________
disturb the peace of others by violent, tumultuous or obstreperous conduct or by threatening, challenging to fight, assaulting, fighting or striking another
SCOTUS has determined that school administrators' searchers ________ (do/do not) have to meet the search warrant and probable causer requirements that govern police searches
do not
OC is biodegradable and __________ (does/does not) require special equipment or process for decon
does not
The summers rule generally __________ (does/does not) extend to recent occupants of the premises who have left the premises but are located nearby
does not
geographically what is the difference between domestic and international terrorist?
domestic terrorist operates solely in US and international can be here but directed by or inspired by someone overseas
what should you not do when responding to a hate crime?
don't tell victim you know how they feel, don't suggest it was a hate crime, don't criticize victim's behavior, don't make assumptions about the victim, don't belittle seriousness of the incident
what are some examples of vehicle stops that do not need any particularized suspicion?
driver's licenses and drunk driving checkpoints, truck weigh stations, and border enforcement
what are some causes in a revolver of the cylinder not rotating?
ejector rod may have come loose and is pressing against the stop or the bullet may be lodged between cylinder and barrel
used to eliminate anyone with legitimate access to areas fingerprints were developed from
elimination prints
what are the requirements of an off duty firearms carry?
encouraged to qualify with it under the direction of the firearms training unit, must be concealed, unusual display of an off-duty firearm is unethical conduct and is prohibited, will not carry if consume alcohol, and will carry police credentials
the fourth amendment allows a no knock entry if the officer has reasonable suspicion that giving notice would:
endanger someone, or be futile, or inhibit effective investigation
those used to increase or improve sensory perceptions and abilities
enhancement tools
defendants are not immune if the ____________
evidence establishes they committed intentional torts of if they acted outside of their scope of employment
emergency situations requiring immediate action to prevent imminent danger to life, serious damage to property, the imminent escape of a dangerous criminal, or the destruction of evidence of a serious crime
exigent circumstances
when spent shell casing is extracted from chamber but not discharged from weapon "stove pipe"
failure to eject
when spent shell casing is not extracted from chamber of the weapon
failure to extract
when ammo does not feed itself from magazine to chamber
failure to feed
when round does not fire after properly chambered
failure to fire
what are some malfunctions that occur with a revolver?
failure to fire, cylinder will not rotate, and squib load
T/F - a law enforcement officer does not only have the authority to make an arrest within his territorial jurisdiction
false
T/F - an arrest warrant automatically give the officer the right to enter private premise to look around to see if the person to be arrested is present
false
T/F - if all an anonymous tipster can do is describe a person who is already in a public place - something anyone can do - and then add a conclusory statement of criminal involvement, that is enough even to establish reasonable suspicion
false
T/F - if person who reasonably appears reliable and you have no reason to disbelieve them and tells you something they saw or witnessed you do not have probable cause
false
T/F - stops without any particularized suspicion are not lawful under any circumstances
false
T/F - the 4th amendment does not prohibit taking or allowing news media representatives into private premises with a search team
false
T/F - the plain view doctrine of warrantless seizure is legal authority for an officer to enter private premises
false
T/F - the requirement of reasonableness does not apply to the way in which an entry and search are conducted
false
T/F - voluntary statements are not admissible in court and clarifying questions concerning a volunteered statement may not be asked
false
T/F : OC Spray is effective on dogs and should be used
false
T/F : per VBPD policy stationary roadblocks are an option to stop a vehicle
false
T/F : when acting as an emergency vehicle you only need lights or sirens not both
false
T/F : you are not responsible for every round you fire
false
T/F: being in possession of marijuana is a predicate act that can qualify a gang
false
T/F: class evidence can be identified as from a specific source
false
T/F: elimination prints are entered into AFIS
false
T/F: violation of dangerous dog does not hold criminal penalties
false
T/F: we are allowed to use warning shots
false
T/F: white china is a name for marijuana
false
T/F: you should try to stare at an attacking dogs eyes and not break contact
false
T/f : when an off duty officer anticipates that he/she will consume alcoholic beverages or engage in recreational activities where carrying a department issued firearm would be impractical or dangerous, the officer may carry the firearm
false
the term _______ simply means without voluntary consent
forcible
an entry which is made without voluntary consent from someone who has the authority to consent
forcible entry
a carefully limited search of the outer clothing .... to discover weapons....and indicated that such searches are justified if two conditions are present 1. lawful basis for investigative detention; and 2. reasonable suspicion the suspect is armed and constitutes a potential danger to the officer
frisk
letting off of the gas or applying the brakes moves weight to the ____________
front of the vehicle
what are the elements of proper sight alignment?
front sight is centered to the left and right in the rear sight notch, top of front sight and top of the rear sight are even and create a flat line
the fourth amendment and most state laws usually require __________ prior to entry when using a warrant
giving notice of identity, purpose, and reasonable time
everything with a revolve should be the same as a pistol except for the ________ and why?
grip; need to take precautions with support hand grip to make sure fingers are not near the end of the cylinder
if you are identifying a criminal street gang you must be able to establish there are what?
group of 3 or more people, identifiable name, sign, or symbol; committed/attempted to commit or conspired to commit 2 or more predictable criminal acts
what are the different types of firearms safety-locking devices?
gun safe, hand cuffs, trigger lock, cable lock, lock box
what are the elements of a good shooting grip?
hands as high as possible on the Fram without interfering with the function of the weapon, create as much skin contact (friction) as possible with both hands, firm handshake pressure with both hands, shooting-hand gripping pressure is exerted from front to rear, shooting-hand wrist locked firmly with arms extended and locked (do not hyper-extend the elbows), middle finger of strong hand touching bottom of trigger guard, and index finger of support hand touching bottom of trigger guard
what are the different forms of cocaine?
hard rock, flake, powder, cocaine base
information gained from second-hand sources
hearsay
The court designed the Miranda rule to _____________
help project a person's Fifth amendment privilege against compelled self-incrimination in that inherently coercive environment
uncertain/changing light levels while driving can _________
hide object, affect the eyes, and may cause pain
when must deadly force stop?
immediately when the suspect no longer poses an immediate threat of death or serious bodily injury to the officer or others
when one officer has reasonable suspicion or probable cause and tells another officer to do something based on that, that officer is allowed to do so and believe the first officer, transfers from one officer to next
imputed probable cause or reasonable suspicion
when should you use your radio while driving?
in straight line operations
how do you effectively corner?
inside, outside, inside; dump speed before entering turn and accelerate at the apex
what are the causes of a squib load?
insufficient powder load, or failure of the primer to ignite the powder at all, other include deformed bullets and attempting to fie a bullet which is slightly too large for the barrel
what are some subject's actions affecting the use of force, deadly or otherwise?
intent, ability, means, opportunity, and legal criteria
___________ are seizures and _________ are not
investigative detentions and arrests; voluntary contacts
what are some involuntary effects of OC?
involuntary closure of the eyes resulting in temporary visual impairment-creating pauses in combat and involuntary extension of the hands to the facial area
the frisk of a person may not go further than __________
is necessary to accomplish its purpose
abandoned property ________ (is/is not) protected by the 4th amendment because ____________
is not, is does not involve a reasonable expectation of privacy
a protective sweep search presents no legal problems unless ________________
it extends to areas that would not be searched anyway under the search
18.2-56.2 also state that it shall be unlawful for any person _________________ except when the child is ___________. any person violating this subsection shall be guilty of a _____________. for purposes of this subsection, "adult" shall mean a parent, guardian, person standing in loco parentis to the child, or a person twenty-one years or over who has the permission of the parent, guardian, or person standing in loco parentis to supervise the child in the use of a firearm
knowingly to authorize a child under the age of twelve to use a firearm; under the supervision of an adult; class 1 misdemeanor
a warrantless inventory search is permissible if a vehicle has been ______________
lawfully impounded and the agency conducting the inventory has a departmental policy requiring inventory searches of all impounded vehicles
If implementing a stationary roadblock what should be considered?
least amount of risk to public, traffic conditions, terrain
Petit larceny is if a motor vehicle is ___________ and is a class 1 misdemeanor
less than $500
what are some examples of non-testimonial evidence?
lineup identification, fingerprints, palm prints, footprints, photographs, body measurements, head hair samples, fingernail scrapings, and gunshot residue and in arrests for serious offenses, DNA buccal swabs
in the probable cause statement you should do what three things?
list each item of information by date received, for each item of information identify the source(s), and in respect to each source state why the source should be believed
if there is probable cause to believe that critical evidence of a serious and/or dangerous offense is located within private premises and that he evidence is very likely to be destroyed or removed unless immediate warrantless action is taken, the officer _________(may/may not) enter without a warrant or consent to secure the premises while awaiting the arrival of a search warrant
may
movement within the premises of persons present ___________ (may/may not) be restricted and/or required as reasonably necessary for the safe and effective conduct of the search
may
a closed container found inside a motor vehicle in a public place _______________ (may/may not) be searched without a warrant ____________
may ; just as the motor vehicle itself may be
the Gant decision stated that when the arrestee has been removed from the car and secured elsewhere, the officer _______ (may/may not) conduct a search of the vehicle incident to that arrest unless ____________
may not; the officer has "reason to believe" that evidence of the crime of that arrest will be found in the passenger compartment
why do we need our wrists locked?
minimizes muscle flip during recoil, maintains sight picture during recoil, allows for rapid and accurate follow up shots
____________ is performing a lawful act in an unlawful manner
misfeasance
how do you figure out feet per second?
mph x 1.47
what are some signs that a squib round has occurred?
much quieter or otherwise unusual-sounding discharge noise lighter, nonexistent felt recoil force, or failure of the action to cycle in semi-automatic firearms and locked up cylinder in a revolver
what are some examples of predicate criminal acts?
murder, robbery, burglary, distribution of marijuana, not possession of marijuana
the doing of something, or the omitting to do something, which a person of ordinary prudence would not have done or omitted to do
negligence
if there are children in the home, you should ____________
never let them handle firearms without being under your direct control
does the law prohibit any staff or employment of a health care entity from providing information about such individual to a LEO in connection with such subpoena, search warrant, or court order?
no
__________ is an omission to do especially what ought to be done
nonfeasance
the justification for and investigative stop is ________________
not also justification for a frisk
if an animal is stray and there is no threat to you or the public you should ___________
notify animal control (via your dispatcher)
what are the steps to off road recovery?
off the gas, off the brake, look in the direction you want to go, smooth shuffle steer
in keeping with the Code of Virginia, officers should be prepared to _______ with carrying a concealed weapon
offer police credentials
when may we use lethal force to prevent the escape of a suspect?
officer has reasonable belief that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious physical injury to the officer or others
what are the elements of a proper sight picture?
officer should physically focus on front sight, officer's target should be in his peripheral vision, point of aim should be center mass of available target area, with sights aligned bullet impact will be the top and center of the front sight blade
the methods of deployment of OC are _________
one hand, two hand, conceal carry, and low profile/rear carry
if the defendant was shown to be especially blameworthy and "needs to be taught a lesson", they may be ordered to ___________
pay punitive damages
you must ______ before using deadly force
perceive a threat
an officer lawfully present in a given location who sees in plain view an item which is immediately apparent to be evidence of a crime may seize that item without a warrant provided no further intrusion upon a constitutionally protected area or reasonable expectation of privacy is required in order to accomplish the seizure
plain view doctrine
you never want to package items with potential DNA evidence in ________
plastic
how do you load a revolver?
point gun in safe direction, press or pull cylinder latch open and swing cylinder open to left, with barrel pointed down load the rounds into cylinder, close cylinder
how do you unload a revolver?
point in safe direction, press or pull cylinder latch and open cylinder, barrel pointed down press ejector rod to remove rounds, close cylinder
the 6th amendment right to counsel prohibits _____________ from a criminal defendant in any matter in which he has been formally charged, unless he has validly waived that right
police from deliberately eliciting incrimination information
situations in which police conduct itself creates an exigent circumstance that may then justify their warrantless entry, when prior to their actions there were no exigencies and a warrant or consent would have been required
police-created exigencies or officer-created exigencies
what plant does heroin derive from?
poppy
a death that occurs when a subject's body position interferes with breathing, when the subject's chest is restricted from expanding, and when the position of the subject's head obstructs the airway
positional asphyxia
state code 15.2-1704 is known as _________
powers and duties of police force
what is the proof needed in a civil case?
preponderance of the evidence
those stops where the officer's true investigative motives are not reflected in the "objective" basis for the stop
pretextual stops
a law enforcement officer who has ___________ to believe that a person meets the criteria for ECO may take that person into custody and transport that person to an appropriate location to assess the need for hospitalization or treatment without prior authorization
probable cause
the second major component of a search warrant application is the _________
probable cause statement
what is the only requirement to search a closed contained found inside a motor vehicle in a public place?
probable cause to believe that evidence or contraband may be inside the container
what circumstance is there where an arrest warrant alone would provide the authority to enter a home without consent or exigency?
probable cause to believe that the home to be entered is the arrestee's residence and that the arrestee is presently there
facts an circumstances which, taken together with rational inferences therefrom, would cause a reasonable police officer to believe...... a. (to arrest)....that a crime has been committed and that a particular person committed it; b. (to search)......that evidence of a crime is in the place to be searched; c. (to seize) ..... that items are contraband or otherwise evidence of crime, or are lawfully subject to forfeiture to the government under applicable forfeiture laws
probable cuase
moving through private premises to determine the presence of would-be assailants and other security threats
protective sweeps
what factors are considered when determine if portions of a property are curtilage?
proximity to the home, enclosures associated with the home, and nature and use of the area
when there is an objectively reasonable need for an officer to protect himself or the public from immediate danger associated with weapons, prompt questioning of the suspect regarding the location of the weapon(s_ may occur without a Miranda warning and waiver
public safety exception
what are the two situation in which an in-custody suspect may be questioned without Miranda warnings and waiver?
public safety exception and standard booking questions
how do you fix a failure to fire in a revolver?
pull trigger again
when transporting an OC contaminated individual you DO NOT _________
put individual face down on their stomachs in the vehicle
the barrel of a glock should be cleaned with a ______ and ______ and then cleaned with _________
quality solvent and bore brush; bore patches
_____________ is the key concept in determining the scope of a frisk search
quick accessibility
officers must remain ____________ and _________ while using an ASP
relaxed and centered in a deep solid base
if, after making an arrest, an officer discovers that probable cause did not exist int eh first place or has now evaporate, the subject should be ___________
released as quickly as possible
a lawful, custodial arrest carries with it the authority to ____________
retrieve, in a search incident to that arrest, certain non-testimonial evidentiary items from the person of the arrestee
which of the following locations can be utilized to conduct surveillance?
rooftops, parking garages, businesses, vacant houses
a protective sweep is reasonable only to ________ and require __________
safeguard officers in the pursuit of an otherwise legitimate purpose; reasonable suspicion of the presence of a threat in the areas to be swept
what are the steps to defensive driving in order?
scan, identify, predict, decide, execute
what are some special needs exceptions to the warrant requirement?
school searches, airport searches, and searches of probationers and parolees
what are examples of gang free zones?
schools, school bus, community/recreation center
what factors should you consider when deciding to pursue?
seriousness of offense, traffic conditions, environmental factors, vehicular factors, legal and within department guidelines, and human factors
when determining reasonableness of force, the totality of the circumstances should be taken into consideration including:
severity of circumstances, immediate threat to officer, others, and property; actively resisted or evaded arrest
"the ________ of the crime at issue, whether the suspect poses an ___________ to the safety of the officers or others, and whether he is _______________ arrest or attempting to __________ by flight"
severity; immediate threat; actively resisting; evade arrest
which group is protected under the federal hate crimes code but not the state?
sexual orientation
anything with a blank for gangs the answer is ________
shall
what are some cause of failure to eject?
shooter's poor grip, shooter's limp wrist, dirty weapon, and broken weapon
what are some causes of failure to extract?
shooter's poor grip, shooter's limp wrist, dirty weapon, and broken weapon
the proper placement of the front sight in the rear sight notch
sight alignment
picture created by placing your properly aligned sights "center mass" of your available target
sight picture
once an arrest warrant is executed an officer is then required to:
sign and date the warrant; inform the arrestee of the nature of the charge; and provide him a copy
what are the elements of a good shooting stance?
solid, stable and balanced; hips and shoulders are parallel or square to the target; body weight is distributed towards the target
what are some suspicion factors for frisk searches?
specific information, visual observations, nature of the suspected criminal activity, discovery of weapons, officer knowledge of area and/or group, and suspect behavior
a firearms malfunction in which a fired projectile does not have enough force behind it to exit the barrel, and thus becomes stuck. this type of malfunction can be extremely dangerous, as failing to notice that the projectile has become stuck in the barrel may result in another round being fired directly into the obstructed barrel, which can result in a failure of the weapon's structural integrity
squib load
a solid platform the body creates enabling a police officer to fire fast and accurate shots
stance
what are the marksmanship fundamentals for a handgun?
stance, grip, wrist lock, sight alignment, sight picture, breathing, trigger control, follow through
what are some factors affecting the use of force, deadly or otherwise?
subject's actions; officer's perception at the time of using the force
what factors relate to determine reasonableness of force and the totality of the circumstances?
suspects actions, officers perception, comparative size, avenues of escape, weapons involved, mental state, and number of assailants
what must an applicant for a search warrant do?
swear or affirm that the application is true
What information would we not provide via FOIA?
tactics, personnel history
any person for whom an emergency custody order is issued shall be _____________
taken into custody and transported to a convenient location to be evaluated to assess the need for hospitalization or treatment
what is the malfunction drill with the glock?
tap, rack, evaluate
why must an officer remain relaxed when using an ASP?
tense muscles cannot engage in dynamic movement and expend greater energy
what signs should you be looking for to see if an animal is aggressive?
tensed body, stiff tail, pulled back head or ears, furrowed brow, eyes rolled so the whites are visible, yawning, flicking tongue, intense stare, backing away
wait time prior to entry when executing a warrant is relative to ___________
the circumstances of the objects being searched for
manipulation of clothing and objects is allowed in frisk only to ____________
the extent necessary to confirm or dispel suspicion that an object is a weapon
why do we need to have a proper sight picture?
the human eye can only focus on one thing at a time, officer can most quickly and efficiently aim his weapon by focusing on front sight, point of aim should biggest part (center mass) of the available target area
when turning right the weight shifts to _________ and vice versa
the left
a warrantless frisk of the passenger compartment of a lawfully-stopped vehicle is permissible if __________
the officer has reasonable suspicion that a dangerous weapon is immediately accessible with the passenger compartment
the amount of force used will be based on ________-
the officer's perception at the time of using the force
the contact patch is the about the size of ________
the palm of your hand
a search incident to arrest may extend to _________
the person, his/her clothing and carried belongings, and other areas within the immediate control of the arrestee
state code 15.2-1704 states that ___________ hereby _______ all the ___________ which formerly belonged to the office of the constable at common law and is _________ the prevention and detection of crime, ________________, ___________, the preservation of peace and the enforcement of state and local laws, regulations, and ordinances
the police force of a locality is; invested with; power and authority; responsible for; the apprehension of criminals, the safeguard of life and property
releasing the brakes or applying the gas moves the weight of the vehicle to __________
the rear of the vehicle
OC is designed to remain airborne and will affect ___________
the respiratory system of a majority of the subjects that it contaminates causing them to move and seek fresh air
this is a major factor in deterring whether or not there are exigent circumstances
the seriousness of the underlying offense or matter
the same factual justification necessary to validate an investigative detention of a pedestrian is required for the stop of a ____________
the stop of a vehicle to detain an occupant
once an in-custody suspect asserts the Miranda-based right to counsel in a Miranda environment, police are prohibited from all further interrogation efforts on all crimes unless _________
the suspect initiates the communication concerning his criminal involvement, or counsel has been made available to the suspect and counsel is present, or a prison resident has experience a 14-day break in Miranda custody
In almost all cases involving landlord-tenant relationships, the consent must be obtained from __________
the tenant, the person with the reasonable expectation of privacy
if an officer carries a department issued weapon off duty, the officer will carry _________.
the weapon concealed
in summary lethal force be used when ________________
there is no reasonable alternative to the use of deadly force
If there are two co-habitants present and one purportedly granted consent to enter and search and the other denies consent what can the office do?
they may not enter based on the denied consent (Randolph rule)
Tennessee v Garner stated that "if the suspect __________ the officer with a _________ or there is probable cause to believe that he has committed a crime involving the ________________, deadly force may be used if __________________, and if, where feasible, ____________________"
threatens; weapon; infliction or threatened infliction of serious physical harm; necessary to prevent escape; some warning has been given
what should you do if the ejector rod in a revolver came loose causing the cylinder not to rotate?
tighten it back up
when may lethal force be used?
to defend the life of an officer or another who is in imminent danger of death or serious bodily injury
when describing the place in which to be searched in a warrant the rule of thumb should be _____________
to describe the place well enough that a person unfamiliar with the case could take the description, out into the world, and find the right place
an officer's best defense against any lawsuit is ____________
to know and follow department policy, state and federal law
you come across suspicious activity, how should that be reported?
to supervisor and then to criminal intelligence unit
what are the three ways to open an ASP baton?
to the sky, to the ground, and at the assailant
tunnel vision is a result of what?
too much speed
what are the two main contributions to officer crashes?
too much speed in a turn and backing
defined as a private or civil wrong or injury, through negligence, as a result of an act or failure to act
tort
_________ involve the wanton or malicious publication of a truthfully told act or event, when the publication is calculated to embarrass, ridicule and/or shame
torts of slander and libel
T/F - SCOTUS has held that the outlying areas are "open fields and woods" despite fencing and other barriers and that no trespassing signs may create a criminal or civil obligation but they do not create a reasonable expectation of privacy protected by the 4th amendment
true
T/F - a mere Miranda violation is unlikely to cause a constitutional rights deprivation unless it is coupled with other serious abuse or unless resulting statements are used at criminal trial against the person whose Miranda rights were violated
true
T/F - a person in lawful custody may give a valid consent provided no other coerciveness would render the consent involuntary
true
T/F - a waiver of Miranda rights does not have to be in writing or even explicit
true
T/F - according objective reasonableness there is no requirement of least intrusive alternative
true
T/F - an officer who has probable cause to believe that contraband or other evidence of a crime is in an apparently operable motor vehicle that is in a public area may conduct a warrantless search of any part of the vehicle that could contain the object of the search
true
T/F - either spouse living in a home may consent to search of the areas commonly and mutually used
true
T/F - if the defendant in a civil procedure owed no duty to the plaintiff, the defendant is not penalized, even if the plaintiff suffered damages
true
T/F - if there are two co-occupants and one gives consent and the other does not, once the objecting co-occupant is no longer physically present, even where his absence is the product of a lawful arrest the remaining occupant may validly consent to a search of the premises
true
T/F - the officer's uncommunicated intent to arrest has absolutely no bearing or relevance on the question of Miranda custody
true
T/F - there is a circumstance where an arrest warrant alone would provide the authority to enter a home without consent or exigency
true
T/F - though probable cause is sometimes required to search a vehicle, it is not required to stop one
true
T/F - what a person knowingly exposes to the public, even in his own house or officer, is not the subject of fourth amendment protection
true
T/F : a glock pistol will fire without a magazine
true
T/F : a police officer may euthanize a sick or injured deer or bear
true
T/F : do not run away from a dog who is threatening or attacking
true
T/F : following euthanasia by a firearms you should complete a blue team report
true
T/F : if the petitioner is a police officer, the officer may be required to attend the committal hearing before a special justice on the next available hearing date
true
T/F : when using deadly force you must be aware of what is behind and in front of the suspect before employing deadly force
true
T/F: anesthetics, nitrates, and volatile solvents are categories of inhalants
true
T/F: any dog deemed vicious shall be ordered euthanized
true
T/F: department of juvenile justice shall release information about gang involvement to local law enforcement
true
T/F: sleep aids, ridilan, and vicadine are those commonly abused prescription drugs
true
T/F: surveillance can be conducted to obtained evidence of a crime, provide information for later use in interrogation, check reliability of informants, provide evidence for PC for search or arrest warrants, and locate suspects
true
T/F: the code for distribution of narcotics is 18.2-248
true
T/F: you need to locate all witnesses for a hate crime
true
how many crimes must be committed or attempted to qualify as a gang?
two
a minimum of ________ will be present initially during the call to include the entire ECO/TDO process for the safety of the officers as well as the safety of the respondent and community
two officers
all weapons not in your direct control (on your person or within arms reach) should be ________
unloaded
weapons should always be _______ prior to storage and you should store the magazines and ammunition ___________
unloaded; separate from the weapon
low beam lights are effective __________ and high beams are effective ________
up to 200 ft, up to 300 ft
when describing the crime in a warrant it is best to _____________________
use a plain-language description of the crime with date, place, and victim identifies if known
wrists are rotated forward in a locked position while maintaining proper sight alignment
wrist lock
after a narcotics K9 alerts on a vehicle can you search the entire vehicle?
yes
does hashish have higher THC than marijuana?
yes
if a subject willingly answered questions without a lawyer present, knowing that he does not have to, is he demonstrating that he is will to do so and implicitly waived his rights?
yes
is it important to ask where a person is employed, when they were last paid, etc?
yes
is it important to note how money is bundled?
yes
once deadly force is justified can we deescalate to non deadly force?
yes
may a closed container in the passenger compartment be opened during a frisk of a vehicle?
yes, if the contents of the container are immediately accessible to vehicle occupants
hazing of a youth gang member regardless if they are inflicting bodily injury on them is there another purpose behind it?
yes, initiation
The driver of a Ford pulls out in front of a Chevy causing the driver of the Chevy to brake abruptly. The driver of the Chevy gets angry, pulls up next to the other driver and displays what appears to be a gun. He yells and waves the gun around. The driver of the Ford turns at the intersection and speeds away. Police stop the driver of the Chevy and discover the gun is inoperable. What, if anything can he be charged with?
✔ He was brandishing the firearm ✔ It was not capable of firing ✔ His actions caused fear for the other driver §18.2-282. Brandishing a firearm.
Do you have to show badge when making an arrest?
No.
Pat Down / Frisk
Non intrusive patting of the outer garments of the individual to determine the presence of a weapon. There must be RS that the lawfully detained individual is in possession of a weapon that could be used to hard the officer.
In an investigative detention the citizen is ________ but try must understand that ____________
Not free to leave; they are not under arrest
If you are an employee does that make the offense an embezzlement?
Not necessarily
a _______ is a governmental intrusion upon a constitutionally-protected area or upon a reasonable expectation of privacy
search
typically a judicial order (search warrant) commands that a law enforcement officer conduct the ___________________
search and seizure action(s) authorized by the warrant
a full and complete search for evidence and weapons within the area of immediate control of the arrestee
search incident to arrest
prior to taking any subject into custody pursuant to a civil mental custody order, officer shall ____________
search the subject
what special authority do officers have?
search, seizure, and safety
How should OC contaminated individuals be transported?
seated in an upright position and properly secured; proved access to fresh air; during transport periodically reassure the subject to stay calm; monitor subject for medial distress, coherence, and respiration
if you are looking for marijuana in a house what would you find?
seeds, green leafy residue, smoking devices
a __________ is either a significant governmental interference with someone's possessory interest in property, or the arrest or detention of a person
seizure
a _____ occurs whenever a law enforcement officer uses force on someone or a person submits to an officer's "show of authority"
seizure of a person
a ________ occurs when an officer interferes meaningfully or significantly with another person's possessory interest in that property
seizure of property
The simple possession of marijuana without a valid prescription
18.2-250.1
Code for possession of drug paraphernalia
18.2-265.1
What is the code for first and second degree murder defined?
18.2-32
What is the code for any person who threatens, or attempts, to abduct any other person with the intent to extort money, or pecuniary benefit, or assists or aids in the abduction of, or threatened to abduct, any person with the intent to defile such person or any female user the age of sixteen years fo the purpose of concubinage or prostitution shall be guilty of a class 5 felony?
18.2-49
what is normal reaction time?
3/4 of a second
Larceny of items by virtues of trust, office or employment
Embezzlement
Who will be contacted for any suspected stranger abduction cases?
Homicide unit
Intent
The absence of intent means there can be no arrest.
in a pretextual stop officers may as questions unrelated to the stop and "___________"
"no reasonable suspicion is required to justify questioning that does not prolong the stop"
the fourth amendment requires all search and seizures be _______________, warrants be based on _____________, warrants be supported by ______________, and warrants _____________ the place to be searched and person or things to be seized
"reasonable"; "probable cause"; "oath or affirmation"; "particularly describe"
What is the minimum amount of currency that can be seized?
$300 but if its only cash they wont take less than $500
To be a felony the worthless check must be for ____________
$500 or more
What is proper rerouting equipment?
- Traffic flares - Barricades - Cones
What are the use of profane, threatening or indecent language?
- uses obscene, vulgar, profane, lewd, lascivious, or indecent language - makes any suggestion or proposal of an obscene nature - threatens any illegal or immoral act with the intent to coerce, intimidate, or harass any person - done over any telephone or citizens band radio, in this commonwealth - "over any telephone" includes any electronically transmitted communication producing a visual or electronic message that is received or transmitted over a cell phone or wireless device
How do you maintain the chain of custody?
-Record from whom, where ,when the evidence was recovered. -Maintain control of evidence once it is seized. -DO NOT let other officers handle the evidence (look but don't touch) if it is not necessary. -Chain is important for prosecution purposes. - The less chance of the defense arguing contamination of the narcotics by how many times the evidence exchanged hands. -There are chain forms available at the Precincts.
How and reasons you can enter a private dwelling
-Someone is likely to be killed or seriously injured -a serious and/or dangerous criminal offender is likely to escape -there is PC to arrest the person sought and there is PC that the person to be arrested is physically present -consent -fresh (hot) pursuit
Doors of solid attitude should be how thick?
1 3/4 inches
To be more effective a lock throw (deadlock) should be at least how long?
1 inch
What is evidence of an attempt motor vehicle theft/
1. Ignition tampering or damage 2. Any visible attempt to start the vehicle 3. Broken window alone unless accompanied with some other visible sign is not an attempt motor vehicle theft
What are the two integral elements of rape?
1. Must have penetration of the vagina with the penis 2. Force, threat, or intimidation of the victim
How many characters does a VIN have?
17
the spotlight on our vehicles reach __________
100 ft
Authorize a child under the age of ______ to use a firearm except when the child is under the supervision of an adult is a class 1 misdemeanor
12
if a temporary detention order is not executed within _____________ of its issuance, or within a shorter period as is specified in the order, the order shall be void and shall be returned unexecuted to the officer of the clear or any magistrate thereof
24 hours
The violation of possession of a firearm while under a protective order can occur only _________ to allow for removal
24 hours after service
According to the noise ordinance at daytime No person shall permit, operate or cause any source of sound to create a sound level in another person's residential dwelling during the hours between ___________ and ______ in excess of _____ dBA when measured inside the residence at least four (4) feet from the wall nearest the source, with doors and windows to the receiving area closed.
7:00 am and 10:00 pm; 65
if an ECO is not executed within ___________ of its issuance, the order shall be void and shall be returned unexecuted to the officer of the clear of the issuing court or, if such office is not open, to any magistrate
8 hours
The violation of a stalking protective order constitutes either _______ or _______
A class 1 misdemeanor or contempt of court
Any person who commits larceny of any firearm regardless of value shall be guilty of ________
A felony
Each time a second or subsequent interview is conducted on a victim, what should be done?
A new paragraph should reflect this including date/time/location and reason for new contact
Disorderly conduct
A person is guilty of disorderly conduct if, with the intent to cause public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm, or recklessly creating a risk therof
What is DERIVATIVE?
A portion of the PVIN embossed on the engine or as a CVIN somewhere on the vehicle
What must there be for the seizure of property used in connection or derived from illegal drug operations?
A substantial connection of a felony crime involving a controlled substance
What must you show to be able to seizure things?
A substantial connection or "nexus" to the alleged criminal act
What is criminal?
A violation of any law or ordinance that would subject the offender to punishment,
Which of the following is not an exception to the warrantless arrest statue? A) destruction of residential property B) assault and battery C) brandishing a firearm
A) destruction of residential property
Which of the following elements are true under 18.2-415, disorderly conduct in public places EXCEPT: A) engage in conduct whether in public or private dwelling having a tendency to cause acts of violence by the person(s) such conduct is directed B) disrupt any funeral, memorial service, or meeting of the governing body of any political subdivision fo this commonwealth or division or agency thereof D) shall not be deemed or include the utterance or display of works or to include conduct otherwise made punishable under Title 18.2
A) engage in conduct whether in public or private dwelling having a tendency to cause acts of violence by the person(s) such conduct is directed
According to the officer of Community oriented policing services, which of the following are elements of community policing? A) organizational, external, tactical C) internal, situational, tactical D) none of the above
A) organizational, external and tactical
Officer needs to submit a ___________ prior to handing over to SID
Detailed memo concerning incident in a timely manner
What domestic terrorist groups are religiously motivated?
Abortion extremism (Army of God, Pro-Life Virginia, DOnald Spitz), Westboro Baptist Church
What is the proper placement of flares on a straight road?
About two car lengths apart
This type of child's whereabouts are either known or unknown and is believed to be endangered or in need of assistance to ensure his safety
Abandoned child
This type of missing child has been taken unwillingly, without permission from the child's parent or legal guardian, by either a stranger or family member
Abducted child
________ breaking requires the use of physical force
Actual
Sexual abuse of the victim who is under 13, mental/physical incapacitation (any age), or offense committed by a parent, step-parent, grandparent, or step-grandparent and victim is 13-17 years of age
Aggravated sexual battery
If probable cause dissolves what can you do if you seize it?
Always give it back
Parties involved in a dispute agree to a decision by a third party as to the solution to the conflict
Arbitration
Fingerprints go to _______ and not on a ________
FSU; voucher
An attempt or offer, with force and violence, to do some bodily hurt to another by means calculated to produce the end if carried into execution
Assault
A class 4 felony carries a maximum punishment of: A) 1 to 10 years imprisonment, $2500 fine B) 2 to 10 years imprisonment, $100,000 D) 2 to 10 years imprisonment, $2500
B) 2 to 10 years imprisonment, $100,000
While assessing a business you notice there are both rooftop and air conditioner vents within the structure. Upon completion of the assessment, you speak with the business owner and recommend the following: A) take vent covers off altogether B) secure vents with hasp and padlock from inside C) electrics cover to vents
B) secure vents with hasp and padlock from inside
Which of the following would NOT be covered under the code for concealed weapons? A) razzor B) small bat D) Dirk
B) small bat
What are examples of depressants?
Barbiturates
act of violence as defined in clause (i) of subdivision A of § 19.2-297.1 committed with the intent required to commit an act of terrorism
Base offense
How should you separate witnesses?
Bold print and double spaces
A suspect robs a store with a handgun. What possible charges does he face?
Brandishing a firearm and use or display of a firearm during the commission of a felony.
The use of some force, however slight, to gain entry
Breaking
When talking to an informant you should ask them about other types of crimes like _______
Burglary, robbery, and homicide
What does a True Name File contain?
CCH, Pistol Record, Code of Conduct, information sheet and recent photograph
Heroin is a _______________
Central nervous system depressant
What does forgery apply to?
Checks, loans, summonses, contracts, or any document which signed could prejudice a victims rights
Evidence in the form of any chemical
Chemical evidence
Violation of any protective order is a _________
Class I misdemeanor
Abduction with intent to extort money or for immoral purposes is a _______
Class II felony
What are some examples of stimulants?
Cocaine and methamphetamine
Concealing or taking possession of merchandise; altering price tags; transferring goods form one container to another; counseling, etc., another in performance of such acts
Concealment
What are the ways of verification of ability to lawfully possess a firearm?
Criminal history report from NCIC • Illegal alien check through NCIC > Inlets > ICE • PISTOL/LINX - assists in identifying a person that may have been arrested/involved in felony offenses as a juvenile to determine whether further investigation is warranted • Juvenile & Domestic Relations Court - Felony convictions as a juvenile may not be returned through NCIC. It may be necessary to contact JDRC to obtain information on convictions • Office of the Commonwealth Attorney
What can be seized?
Currency, valuable assets (converted proceeds), real property (case by case decision), conveyances
If a victim of sexual assault, parent or guardian of a victim requested to be notified under 19.2-11.11 Victim's right to notification of information must provide _________
Current address and telephone number to CWA or LEO agency investigating the offense
All elements of the original offense exist in addition to establishing that a custodial or supervisory relationship exists
Custodial indecent liberties
Who must be present during an autopsy?
Detective and FSU
Who is going to investigate officer involved shooting first?
Detectives criminal guys
Evidence that consist of documents
Documentary evidence
Define as a building that is use for habitation
Dwelling house
What does three or more whistle blows mean?
Emergency: all traffic stops
Under 18.2-56.1 Reckless handing of firearms; reckless handling while hunting recklessly handle any firearm so as to ___________
Endanger the life, limb, or property of any person
What are examples of non-contact offense elder sexual abuse?
Exhibitionism, voyeurism, illicit photographing/filming
DNA evidence is found in _______
Every nucleated cell
Keeping accurate records for your chain of evidence includes __________________ and would should ______________
Everyone who touched the evidence (date/time/location found); minimize chain by minimizing number of officers handling the evidence
Something which tends to prove or disprove something
Evidence
This section of a case file is used to document each piece of evidence which will be presented in court along with a short summary of how it relates to the case and who collected it
Evidence section
This type of disposition is when the officer followed all the procedures
Exonerated
The dollar amount which is commonly recognized as reasonable between legitimately willing buyers and sellers
Fair market value
If any person shall conspire, confederate or combine with another, either within or without this Commonwealth, or if he shall so conspire, confederate or combine with another within this Commonwealth to commit a felony shall be guilty of a _________. However, in no event shall the punishment for a conspiracy to commit an offense exceed the maximum punishment for the commission of the offense itself.
Felony
Rape is guilty of _______
Felony
Who would be likely to assist at a hate crime scene?
Fire, rescue, federal authorities, officers and detectives
What are the types of administrative investigations they will do?
Firearm discharges, internal investigations, inquires, information cases, criminal investigation
Hunting with firearms while under influence of intoxicant or narcotic drug includes:
Firearm, bow and arrow, or crossbow
What weapons can you not shoot in or across road or in street?
Firearm, crossbow, or bow
Application of science to the law
Forensic science
When we do an investigation in IA, what type of investigation are they supposed to do?
Full, fair, objective
what case eliminated the Substantive Due Process Standard?
Graham v Connor
This is the most commonly abused narcotic
Heroin
What is important to do when trying to determine modus operandi?
Include every detail in the report
Under 18.2-308.I:4, those under a restraining order or protective order are __________
Ineligible from carrying a concealed weapon
Upon conviction of a violation of protective order the court shall, in addition to any sentence imposed, ___________
Issue a protective order for a period not to exceed 2 years
For is the PD form 143?
It is an informational brochure for parents of runaways with resources
The warrant (petition, detention order) copy is to be delivered to the _________
JDRC
What are examples of valuable assets that can be seized?
Jewelry/precious gems $1000 each, artwork, artifacts, no substantial lien, need appraisal
The best method of securing the crimes scene is to _______
Keep every body out of the scene
What are examples of minor property crime scenes?
Larcenies, attempted burglaries, burglaries with minimal damage, etc
The illegal taking and carrying away of personal property belonging to another with the purpose of depriving the owner of its possession
Larceny
The wrongful taking of the goods of another without the owner's consent and with the intention to permanently deprive the owner of possession of the goos
Larceny
The attempt to illegally take or carry away personal property belonging to another with the purpose of depriving teh owner of its
Larceny attempt
What is the purpose of investigative detention?
Limited investigation
What is the scope of a consensual search of a vehicle?
Limited to areas where consent was given and areas where officer could reasonably expect to locate the item searched for
Battle v. Commonwealth
Limits prosecutorial discretion by reserving disorderly conduct convictions only for conduct not punishable elsewhere in the criminal code
18.2-50 states that immediate family of any person knowing that he/she has been abducted, or that threats or attempts have been made to abduct he/she shall ________
Make immediate report to police and render assistance to such officers
Other than ___________, juvenile records have to be kept separate crime adult records
Motor vehicle violations
How do I check if someone can legally own a firearm?
NCIC, PISTOL/LINX Not asking family members
What are teh two agencies that provide confidential vehicle identification number locations?
National Insurance Crime Bureau and FBI
Are statements made to the intake officer admissible in court?
No
Can FSU personnel collect drugs?
No
Can a parent invoke their child's Miranda Rights for them?
No
Do we collect unnecessary information?
No
what are the three types of chemical agents in law enforcement?
OC, CS, and CN
who was the founder of UB and 1-8 trey?
Omar Portee
How many PD-3 s can there be per IBR?
Only one
What witnesses should you document?
Only ones with actual evidence or testimony
You can only use electronic surveillance when _____________
Other investigative options have been exhausted
Unlawful for any person to enter the property of another in order to pee or spy through a window or door
Peeping Tom
All reports will be _______ to the Missing Persons Unit
Pending Active
Burst capillaries
Petechial hemorrhage
Any person who commits larceny from the person of another, of money or other thing of value, of less than $5.00 or commits larceny not from the person of another, of goods and chattels of the value less than $500
Petit larceny
The individual seeking the order of protection
Petitioner
Sovereign citizens are ________________ motivated
Politically
Items go to ________
Property and evidence
What does PVIN stand for?
Public vehicle identification number
Tends to be probation of an issue at trial
Relevant evidence
The individual whom the order is against
Respondent
When doing stationary surveillance you should utilize a location that will not cause attention such as:
Rooftops, parking garages, businesses, trailers, vans, buses, vacant houses
For this kind of missing child the absence is voluntary
Runaway
What is the PD18R1 for?
Runaway/missing persons
If we receive a subpoena ducus tecum, what are we going to do?
Send to IA, it is a court order and we have to follow it
What are examples of obvious trauma you should look for in examining decedent?
Shot, stabbed, bludgeoned, large quantity of blood
How many schedules are there for drugs?
Six
All drug/money laundering seizures go through _________
Special investigations
Aerials, autopsy, etc
Supplementary photos
A person appears to be involved in some activity not totally consistent with innocent behavior
Suspicious activity
This type of disposition is when the case is founded and there is enough evidence
Sustained
These detectives act as a liaison between the VBPD and Federal Agencies
Task force detectives
What should be done at the conclusion of a mobile surveillance operation?
Team members should be fully debriefed
What is always the first photo you take?
The case information
Who is the victim for counterfeit currency?
The commonwealth of Virginia or the business
Who is responsible for VCIN entry of full or permanent protective orders?
The court
Body heat remains the same for ________
The first hour
What are examples of at risk persons?
The elderly, Alzheimer's patients or subjects who are either suicidal or homicidal
Moving suspect and victim around (what is allowed)
The involuntary movement of a suspect often equal arrest. Bring the victim to the suspect for an ID.
For fraudulent conversion what are the key words?
The lien or lien holder
For the PD18R1 the victim is who?
The missing person
18.2.89 Is related to breaking and entering during _________
The nighttime with the intent to commit a felony or larceny
Penalties for violations of local ordinances cannot exceed ___________
The penalties provided by general law for the violation of a Class 1 misdemeanor or like offenses
Was is the major element of embezzlement?
The person has to be "entrusted" with the item
Who is liable for the lost cost of larceny?
The person who stole it
What is on the chain of custody?
Time/date, name, code
Since the statements made to the intake officer are not admissible what are the statements for?
To determine proper placement
What is the intent of unauthorized use?
To temporarily deprive the owner of the vehicle
When responding to property dispute you should ____________
Use communication skills projecting control and self assurance to calm a situation or convey a message
The elements of the crime includes Any owner or chauffeur of any vehicle, with knowledge or reason to believe the same is to be used for such purpose, to use the same or to allow the same to be used for the purpose of prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse, or to aid or promote such prostitution or unlawful sexual intercourse by the use of any such vehicle
Using vehicles to promote prostitution/unlawful sexual intercourse
The conduct prohibited under Disorderly conduct shall not be deemed or include _________
Utterance or display of any words or to include conduct otherwise made punishable under this title
The passing of any forged document
Uttering
What is the SP67 for?
Virginia Missing Person Information Clearinghouse Report for adults
What are some examples of inhalants?
White out, paint, glue, Freon
Are family members eligible to petition for a preliminary protective order and/or a protective order?
Yes
if left, OC will degrade naturally within _________
a few weeks
what crimes are associated with animal fighting?
animal cruelty, unlawful wagering, controlled substances, grand and petty larceny, money laundering, assaults, homicides, conspiracy to commit criminal acts, illegal disposal of animal carcasses
chokeholds or neck restraints _______ (are/are not) authorized unless the use of deadly force is appropriate
are not
what areas of the assailant's body should be targeted when using an ASP baton?
arms, legs, and body
a formal, in-court notification to a. defendant that he is charged with a particular crime
arraignment
custody responsibility of arresting officers advises that __________________
arresting officer(s) will ensure that medical treatment is provided when prisoners are injured before or during arrest or incarceration
______ is a good reason to conclude surveillance
being burned
Any person who violates the original code of Animal fighting in combination with one or more of the following is guilty of a ____________: 1. dog is one of animals 2. any device or substance intended to enhance animal's ability to fight or inflict injury is used, or possessed with intent to use 3. money or anything of value is wagered on fight 4. money or anything of value paid or received for admission 5. any animal is possessed, owned, trained, transported, or sold with intent that animal engage in fighting 6. permits or causes a minor to attend or undertake
class 6 felony
any person age 18 years or older who solicits, invites, recruits, encourages or otherwise causes or attempts to cause a juvenile to actively participate in or become a member of what he knows to be a criminal street gang is guilty of a __________
class 6 felony
any person who has been found guilty of Animal Cruelty within the past 5 years and has been found guilty of the same a second time, is guilty of a ________ if either violation resulted in the death of an animal
class 6 felony
any person who tortures, willfully inflict inhumane injury or pain, or cruelly and unnecessarily beats, maims, or mutilates any dog or cat that is a companion animal and as a direst result the animal dies, is euthanized based off a licensed veterinarian (or now just severely harmed) is guilty of a _____________
class 6 felony
a reversed reproduction of the skins surface details or friction ridges, seen on the fingers, toes, palms, and the soles of the feet
fingerprint
recklessly or intentionally endanger the health or safety of a person or to inflict bodily injury on a person in connection with or for the purpose of imitation, admission into or affiliation with or as a condition for continued membership in a youth or criminal street gang regardless of weather the person so engaged or injured participated voluntarily in the relevant activity
hazing
when should you terminate a pursuit?
identify of driver is known, experiencing vehicle or equipment failure, danger caused by continuing outweighs violation, distance between vehicles too dangerous, department policy requires termination, beyond radio range, no available back-up, lost visual sight, weather conditions, supervisor decision to terminate, can suspects vehicle out perform yours
what are the requirements of using lethal force?
if feasible a verbal warning should be given, officer must have reasonable belief, there must be intent ability means and opportunity, and based on the totality of circumstances known to the officer at the time the force is employed
if you are hazing someone into a gang and whether or not you are inflicting bodily injury on them you are doing it because __________
initiation (admitting them into the gang)
in order for it to be a youth gang what kind of things do you need to check off?
initiation practices, hand signals, structure style of dress, markings/tattoos, leadership
express questioning or its functional equivalent, words or conduct by police that they should now are reasonably likely to elicit and incriminating response from the suspect
interrogation
what happens if OC chemical is left on the skin too long?
it will result in 2nd degree burns to the skin
who are the three people you can go to to obtain a search warrant and which is the most common?
judge, clears of court, magistrate (most common)
officer authority is always conditional based on ___________
jurisdiction and situation
to be reasonable, searches and seizures must be _____________
justified by facts and/or circumstances suggesting the need for them
what may forced entry involve?
kicking doors, breaking locks, splintering wood, shattering glass, or it may not
fingerprints can be :
latent, patent, or plastic
what is the most ignored general liability?
mental
______ is a reasonable care standard; ________ is heedless and palpable violation of legal duty to the rights of others and involves punitive damages; ____________ is just under actual intent; knowingly or intentionally disregard an unreasonable risk with high probability of causing substantial harm
ordinary negligence; gross negligence; and willful, wanton, reckless conduct
when writing out the probable cause statement you should do what?
organize all the necessary information
what sources of information can speak probable cause?
other officers and concerned citizens
if a stray animal is charging or attacking, the officer is _________
permitted to protect the public and himself through use of force to include lethal force
Objects found at the crime scene
physical evidence
when frisking a vehicle the frisk is limited to what?
places in the interior passenger compartment in which a quickly-accessible weapon could be placed or hidden
this exception to the warrant requirement states that if an officer touches an object during a lawful frisk search, determines that the item is not a. weapon but perceived through the sense of touch that the item likely is contraband, the officer may make a warrantless seizure of that item based upon probable cause
plain feel doctrine
what are the elements of proper trigger control?
proper finger placement on the trigger, isolation of the trigger finger, consistent steady pressure straight to the rear, mild surprise break, center trigger on first pad of finger, movement from 2nd joint, keep lateral trigger finger pressure off the frame, take the slack out of the trigger first, apply continuously increasing presser to the trigger, do not accelerate
______ allows the officer to maintain control of the weapon during trigger manipulation and recoil
proper grip
why do we need to align our sights?
proper sight alignment will orient the rear of the weapon to the front of the weapon to ensure proper bullet flight
State code 15.2-1700 states that any locality may provide for the_____________ and for the perseveration of peace and good order therein
protection of its inhabitants and property
facts and circumstance which, taken together with ration inferences therefore, would cause a reasonable police officer to suspect.... a. (to detain or stop)....that a person is, has been, or is about to be, involved in criminal activity b. (to frisk a person)....that a person subject to lawful detention is armed and constitutes a danger to the officer; c. (to frisk other areas)...that an area within the immediate control and access of a person lawfully detained contains weapons and that the detaineee might use those weapons against the officer d. (to conduct a "protective sweep")....that other rooms or spaces in a place where an officer is lawfully present contains would-be assailants who would constitute a threat tot he officer
reasonable suspicion
what is the factual justification requirement for protective sweeps of areas that are not already covered by the search warrant or immediately adjacent to the areas covered?
reasonable suspicion
unless officers establish __________ to continue a detention during a pretextual stop, the stop must be ended, and __________ must be established to pursue the investigation
reasonable suspicion; voluntary consent
18.2-56.2 says that it shall be unlawful for any person to _________ leave a loaded, unsecured firearm in such a manner as to ____________. any person violating the provisions of this of this subsection shall be guilty of a ___________
recklessly, endanger the life or limb of any child under the age of fourteen; class 3 misdemeanor
what color lights are best at night?
red
what is different about night driving?
reduced visibility, driver fatigue, alcohol and drug abuse, misplaced confidence, vehicle design characteristics
cannabis products, marijuana, hash oil generally are:
smoked and eaten
you should identify the dogs ______, ________, and _______
speed, strength, aggression
what are the weapon malfunction/immediate action for a double feed?
start moving and seek cover, drop magazine , insert new magazine and chamber a round, and get back into the fight
what code states the the police force of a locality is hereby invested with all the power and authority which formerly belonged to the office of the constable at common law and is responsible for the prevention and detection of crime, the apprehension of criminals, the safeguard of life and property, the preservation of peace and the enforcement of state and local laws, regulations, and ordinances
state code 15.2-1704
town and city law enforcement officers have authority to enforce ____________ up to __________ into neighboring jurisdictions but must be prosecuted in __________
state criminal laws; one mile; the jurisdiction where the crime occurred
is cocaine a depressant or stimulant?
stimulant
is methamphetamine a depressant or stimulant?
stimulant
if the defendant asserts his 6th amendment right to counsel what must the police do?
stop efforts immediately
for an inventory search to be lawful, ____________
the impoundment must be lawful
Should you search a car quick, casual, thorough or fast?
thorough
a defendant has the 6th amendment right to counsel only in ____________-
those matters in which he has been formally charged
