ACE: Biology 9th Unit 4: Cell Division and Reproduction
Gametes
haploid cells in an organism
Cytokinesis
separation of two ends of an old cell
All chromosomes in a diploid cell come in pairs except:
sex chromosomes
genetic variability
the most significant characteristic of sexual reproduction
The Stock
the portion of the plant with the root system used in grafting
homologous pair
a pair of chromosomes, required to determine the outward expression of a trait
pupa
an insect in the inactive stage of development (when it is not feeding) intermediate between larva and adult
How does mitosis differ in plants and animals?
* additional cells are not needed in most animals *plants usually grow throughout their existence
Statements corresponding to sexual reproduction:
* variations remain within created kinds *all genetic information comes from preexisting genes
rhizome
a horizontal, underground stem that produces new leaves, shoots, and roots
Fertilization
Fusion of an egg and sperm cell
True/False: Frogs experience complete metamorphosis from tadpoles.
False
True/False: Man has a haploid life cycle.
False
True/False: Most cells remain functioning throughout the duration of the organism by the maintenance function of mitosis.
False
True/False: All variations within organisms can be explained by the known principles of genetics.
True
True/False: Asexual reproduction always yields offspring identical to the parent.
True
True/False: Developing a flower which cannot be reproduced by seeds could be preserved by grafting.
True
True/False: Meiosis has two divisions
True
What happens when DNA is duplicated during mitosis?
Two molecules are formed, each with an original "upright"
archegonium
egg producing structure
What reproductive mechanism does a haplontic animal grow?
first meiosis, then mitosis
What mechanism does a diplontic animal grow?
mitosis
The mismatch of a DNA base can result in:
mutation and change
Budding
offspring which grow as a contiguous outgrowth of the parent
Angiosperms
plants which produce their own gametes
About one year is required in the gymnosperm between:
pollination and fertilization
Function of the gametophyte generation of ferns:
produces reproductive organs which produce a zygote
Successful cutting requires the new plant acquire its own
root
Cone-bearing plants
gymnosperm
Mitosis is a form of
asexual reproduction
A common disease characterized by uncontrolled mitosis is:
cancer
Diploid
containing pairs of homologous chromosomes
Reproduction by mitosis
duplicates: chromosomes, genes, DNA
Zygote
fertilized egg
Adaptation is possible due to the known mechanism of:
genetic recombination
Regeneration
reproduction occurring when plants or animals of many cells break up into two or more parts and survive producing a new organism