ACL FINAL STUDY SET

Where is the storage pool of granulocytes found?

Bone Marrow

Of the following collection methods, which is best used to determine urine volume?

Catheterization

Yellow plasma is normal in what animal?

Cattle

Tapeworms are

Cestodes

Which sample is ideal for submission for bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing?

A syringe of purulent exudate collected during surgery.

A vector is?

An insect that transports a parasite from one animal to anther

Anemia is most likely associated with infection by

Ancylostoma

A variation in erythrocyte size in known as..?

Anisocytosis

The term used to describe no urine production is:

Anuria

Samples for bacterial culture and sensitivity testing should ideally be collected when?

As early in the disease process as possible.

THe most common parasite found in pigs is

Ascaris

_______ is not a risk factor for CaOx urolithiasis formation in dogs and cats. A. Weight B. Age C. Sex D. Coat color/pattern

D. Coat color/pattern

On a urine sediment, you note several large angular anucleated cells. Which of the following most likely represents the cells you noted? A. RBC B. WBC C. Transitional Epithelial Cells D. Squamos Epithelial Cells

D. Squamos Epithelial Cells

Chewing louse of cattle

Damalinia

An elevated hematocrit is most often associated with?

Dehydration

What dose proteinuria indicate?

Dieases of the urniary tract, especially of the kidneys.

Tapeworm eggs that typically occur in packets are of?

Dipylidium

Which method does not concentrate ova? Centrifugal flotation Direct smear Simple flotation Sedimentation

Direct Smear

All of the following are blood-borne parasites, but which one does not belong in the same classification group as the other three?

Dirofilaria

Thiazide diuretics help prevent CaOx stone formation by promoting natriuresis in the ____ tubules, which results in calcium ____.

Distal; reabsorption

Normal value of specific gravity of dogs and cats?

Dog- 1.025 (1.001-1.060) Cats- 1.030 (1.001-1.080

Which species is not parasitized by pinworms: Horses dogs people rodents

Dogs

Orange

Druges (e.g.; tetracycline)

Which type of anticoagulant is best to use when you are interested in the morphology of RBC's?

EDTA

Fleas

Ecto

Ticks

Ecto

When obtaining a speciemen using FNA, which technique should be used fr soft masses and vascular masses?

Nonaspiration technique

Heartworm

Endo

Roundworm

Endo

Which cell is usually involved with allergic or parasitic responses?

Eosinophil

Physiological leukocytosis can be caused by what?

Excitement

T or F: Ctenocephalides fleas are not host specific.

False

T or F: It is NOT possible for only one sex of the mature heartworm to be present in an infected animal.

False, it is possible.

What is the normal mode of infection by ancylostoma is?

Skin penetration

Which method of sample collection yields a high number of cells and is often used in surgery or necropsy?

Skin scraping

Which type of anticoagulant is best to use when you are interested in checking the clotting profile of an animal?

Sodium Citrate

Which of the following is not a fecal flotation solution? Sodium Sulfate Sugar Sodium Chloride Sodium Nitrate

Sodium Sulfate

Which of the following nematodal eggs are characterized by an outer ropey edge?

Toxocara cati

Coughing and increased numbers of eosinophils in peripheral blood suggests ?

Toxocara infection

A fluke is a

Trematode

Chewing louse of dogs

Trichodectes

Ova have bipolar plugs

Trichuris

Which of the following nematodes eggs have polar plugs?

Trichuris vulpis

Smegma may be examined for the presence of...

Tritrichomonas

T or F: Mosquitoes deposit infective larvae on the dog's skin.

True.

A urine sample in which print cannot be seen or read through is described as what?

Turbid

Which characteristic is indicative of bacterial growth using the broth dilution technique?

Turbidity of the sample

Chewing louse of cats

Felicola

Pollakiuria

Frequent urination

What type of diagnostic test would definitively diagnose ringworm in a cat?

Fungal culture

Fresh feces are especially important in detection of...

Giardia Trophozoites

Polydipsia

increased water consumption

List the normal values for the following components of urinalysis: Glucose Protein pH (carnivores, omnivores, herbivores) RBCs WBCs Ketones

Glucose- none Protein- none to trace amounts pH- 6.7; 6.7; 7-8.5 RBCs- less than 2-3 phpf WBCs- 0-3 phpf Ketones- none

Which species normally has the smallest erythrocytes?

Goats

Ova which have hooklets

Moniezia

It would be a spurious infection if...

Moniezia expansa ova were seen in canine feces

The preferred media for antibiotic sensitivity testing is:

Mueller-Hinton

Brown

Myoglobin

Urine that is brown is called....?

Myoglobinuria

Intact Ghost Crenated Renal Squamous Transitional Caudate WBC Yeast bodies Sperm

Name these red and epithelial cells

What term describes a subnormal neutrophil count?

Neutropenia

What is normally the most numerous leukocyte seen in canine blood?

Neutrophil

Which stain is used to visualize reticulocytes?

New Methylene Blue

Taenia eggs closely resemble the eggs of

Toxocara

Floatation solutions usually have a specific gravity between?

1.200 and 1.250

What does the urinary system consist of?

2 kidneys 2 ureters urinary bladder urethra

What is the normal packed cell volume of dogs?

35% to 55%

Which of the following values represent normal urine output for a 50# dog? A. 50mls B. 454mls C. 1Liter D. 100mls

454mls

How long must the typical microhematocrit tube be centrifuged for packed cell volume determination?

5 minutes

A sample with greater than ____ lymphoblasts is consistent with a finding a lymphoma.

50%

What % of surgically removed CaOx stones recur in 3 yrs?

50% to 60%

What is the half-life of neutrophils in the peripheral blood of dogs?

6 hours

Which leykocyte count is in the range for a dog, cat, cow or horse?

7500/dl

What % of feline nephroliths and ureteroliths are CaOx?

80% to 99%

A normal leukocyte count with an increase in immature cells, which outnumber mature cells, is called?

A degenerative left shift

An increased number of bands in the peripheral blood indicated what?

A left shift

Which is not a mechanism of hypercalciuria? A. Increased gastrointestinal absorption B. Impaired renal tubular re-absorption C. Calcium mobilization caused by primary hyperarathryoidism D. Decreased urinary calcium excretion

A. Increased gastrointestinal absorption

An example of a malignant round cell tumor is... A. Lymphosarcoma B. Transitional Cell carcinoma C. Anal sac adenocarcinoma D. Osteosarcoma

A. Lymphosarcoma

Which of the following drugs is used to treat Giardia? A. Metronidazole B. Strongid C. Giardiacide D. No treatment available

A. Metronidazole

Where is the buffy coat found in the spun microhematocrit tube?

Above the packed red cells

What type of urinary environment promotes formation of CaOx stones?

Acidic

Ova which have a single operfulum:

Alaria

Feline struvite cystoliths are most commonly associated with what?

Alkaline Urine

Which primary squares of the meacytometer are used to count erythrocytes?

All 25

For what purposes are Unopettes used in hematology?

Blood cell counting

The humoral immune response involves:

B Cells- they recognize antigens or pathogens that are circulating in the lymph or blood.

Which is not a characteristic of epitelial tumor cells? A. the cells exfoliate in clusters or sheets B. The cells exfoliate in low numbers C. The cells are large and round to polygonal D. The nucleus is round to oval-shaped

B. The cells exfoliate in low numbers

A large ciliate that may be found in swine feces is..

Balantidium

Which blood cell resembles the mast cell found in tissues?

Basophil

Which is the least common granulocyte?

Basophil

Brown/green

Bile pigment (plus green foam)

Which of the following is a breakdown product of hemoglobin?

Bilirubin

Rabbits and horses usually have large amounts of what in their urine?

Calcium Carbonate crystals

Which uroliths are the most radiopaque?

Calcium oxalate

What characteristics are you looking for to determind if you have gone deep enough for a deep skin scraping?

Capillary bleeding

Which species is known as "walking dandruff"?

Chyletiella

A selective media that suppresses the growth of gram-negative bacteria is:

Columbia CNA

The SAP is defined as the

Concentration of struvite crystals free to react with other solutes in solution.

Which method favors detection of fluke ova?

Sedimentation

A definitive host:

Harbors the adult, sexual, or mature stages of a parasite.

What is the name of the speacialized slide on which diluted blood is placed for counting?

Hemacytometer

Sucking louse of cattle

Hematopinus

Red-brown

Hematuria; hemoglobin

Urine that is red is called....?

Hemoglobinuria

What causes plasma to appear red?

Hemolysis

Very yellow

High specific gravity; oliguria (yellow-brown)

Reticulocytes are never found in the peripheral blood of what animal?

Horses

Which of the following appears as a blue spheric nuclear remnant seen in some Wright-stained erythrocytes? A. Reticulocyte B. Howell-jolly body C. Heinz body D. Leptocyte

Howell-jolly body

Yersinia pestis is most pathogenic to?

Humans- intermediate host is the oriental rat flea which caused

You draw blood from a dog, place it in a red top tube and spin it down. You notice that the fluid you draw off from the sample is a bright yellow in color. What would you note in the chart?

Icteric Serum

A fresh urine sample is best analyzed?

Immediately

Polyuria

Increased urine production

Potassium citrate helps prevent CaOx stone formation by _____ urine pH and causing metabolic_______.

Increasing; alkalosis

A dog becomes infected with Dipylidium caninum by ingestion of what?

Infected fleas

A leukocyte count can be falsely elevated by which of the following in the peripheral blood? A. Spherocytes B. Reticulocytes C. Metarubicytes D. Bands

Metarubicytes

Which parasites are NOT transmitted by ingesting contaminated food or water?

Leishmania spp.

When fluid has low cellularity, the _(technique)_ should be used to isolate a concentrated area of cells.

Line smear technique

What is the term used to describe plasma that appears white or milky?

Lipemia

Pale Yellow

Low specific gravity; decreased concentration of urine

What is normally the most numerous leukocyte seen in bovine blood?

Lymphocyte

Which cell produces antibodies?

Lymphocyte

Bone marrow is not a major site of production for...?

Lymphocytes

Which of the following tells you the VOLUME or size of a RBC?

MCV

Which laboratory finding can be used to help predict the most effective antibiotic selection?

MIC (broth dilution technique)

Which measure determines the average size of erythrocyte?

Mean corpuscular volume

___________ tumors are derived from connective tissue spindle cells.

Mesenchyme

Bacteria that are killed in the presence of oxygen or whose growth is inhibited in the presence of oxygen are described as:

Obligate anaerobessu

The genus and name fr the spinous ear tick is

Otobius

Which parasite spends its entire life cycle on the hose?

Otodectes

THe most important factor in feline struvite formation and in determining SAP is urine ...

PH

Eosinophilia is commonly seen with what ?

Parasitic infection

Gram negative bacteria stain ____ with a gram stain.

Pink

Cellophane tape technique is traditionally used to detect the ova of..

Pinworms

What is the major difference between serum and plasma?

Plasma has a higher protein level

Which of the following is not associated with responsive anemia? A. Poikilocytosis B. Reticulocytosis C. Anisocytosis D. Polychromasia

Poikilocytosis

What is the terms used to describe the situation in which many of the erythrocytes stain varying shades of blue?

Polychromasia

Which of the following does not characterize occult heartworm infection?

Presence of adult heartworms but no microfilariae

Trophozoites and cyst forms are associated with..?

Protozoans

What is non-nucleated, immature erythrocyte found in small number in the peripheral blood of dogs?

Reticulocyte

Lymphoma, mast cell tumor, and cutaneous histiocytoma are examples of what type of tumor?

Round cell tumor

What canine bacterial disease can be transmitted by feeding a dog a "raw" diet?

Salmonellosis

The third line of defense against foreign invaders in the body is:

Specific immunity- relies on antigens which are specific substances found in foreign microbes.

A common finding on a blood smear from an animal with autoimmune hemolytic anemia is ?

Spherocytes

Which of the following stimulates antibody production? A. Immunoglobin B. Antigen C. T Cell D. Plasma Cell

T Cell

Cell-mediated immunity is the function of ____ that attach to antigenic sites on the surfaces of foreign cells or cells infected with viruses.

T Cells

Ova have radial striations

Taenia

Which term describes a canine erythrocyte with a central rounded area of hemoglobin surrounded by a clear zone, with a dense ring or hemoglobin around the periphery?

Target Cell

Why do isosthenuria occure? (1.008 to 1.012) When are you most likely going to see this?

The urine has not been concentrated or diluted by the kidneys. Often seen in patients with chronic renal disease and kidney disease.

What is unique about fluke in an ovum that requires a special detection procedure?

They have a higher specific gravity than most other ova

A liquid medium used to culture anaerobic bacteria and determine oxygen tolerance is:

Thioglycolate Broth

Which cell is produced by megakaryocytes?

Thrombocyte

Which of the following is considered a potential vector for Lyme disease, which can cause severe human illness? Flea Mite Tick Louse

Tick

For which determination is the refractometer used?

Total protein level

A neutrophil in which the cytoplasm is more basophilic than normal and contains vacuoles is also known as a?

Toxic Neutrophil

When using a Romanowsky-type stain, uneven staining is often caused by what?

Variable thickness of the sample

Gram positive bacteria stain ____ with a gram stain.

Violet

Vitamin ____ could be added to a homemade diet in an effort to prevent CaOx stone formation.

Vitamin B6

Which medical condition will cause an increased specific gravity?

Vomiting

Which diet has been shown to dissolve CaOx stones in dogs?

Waltham Canine S/O lower Urinary Tract Support Diet.

Which nematode is NOT treated with Pyrantel Pamoate?

Whipworm

Which sample is recommended for hemoglobin testing?

Whole Blood

A specific gravity of 1.010 may be described as

Within isosthenuric range

Sabourand Dextrose media is used for culture of:

Yeast

Name four things you can find on an ear cytology

Yeast Bacteria WBCs Ear mites

To examine for trophozoites, it is best to use a maxture of fresh feces and ...?

Zinc sulfate

MATCH THE FOLLOWING Anisocytosis a. toxic change Poikilocytosis b. variation in cell size Schistocyte c. fragmented RBC Dohle Bodies d. abnormally shaped cell

anisocytosis- variaion in cell size poikilocytosis- abnormally shaped cell schistocyte- fragmented RBC Dohle bodies- toxic change

A common sign of giardiasis is?

chronic diarrhea