ADM 303 Fundamentals of Management Chapters 13 & 14 Study Quiz

_____ is a technique used to study negotiation that requires for every alternative and outcome to be analyzed with probabilities and numerical outcomes.

Game theory * Game theory requires that every alternative and outcome in a negotiation process be analyzed with probabilities and numerical outcomes reflecting the preferences of negotiating parties for each outcome.

When Ferguson talks, his hands and face move expressively. This is a type of _____ communication.

Nonverbal * Nonverbal communication is a communication exchange that does not use words or uses words to carry more meaning than the strict definition of the words themselves. It often relies on facial expressions, body movements, physical contact, and gestures.

When leaders decide to either give salary increases to their employees or withhold any salary increases, which of the following types of power do they exercise?

Reward * Reward power is the power to give or withhold rewards.

Which of the following types of operations control relies heavily on feedback processes?

Screening control * Screening control relies heavily on feedback processes.

What is the primary purpose of developing Artificial intelligence?

To use computers, instead of people to perform certain business activities * Artificial intelligence (AI) can be defined as the construction of computer systems, both hardware and software, to imitate human behavior—in other words, systems that perform physical tasks, use thought processes, and learn. In developing AI systems, knowledge workers (business specialists, modelers, and IT experts) try to design computer-based systems capable of reasoning, so that computers, instead of people, can perform certain business activities.

_____ is the style of leadership that goes beyond ordinary expectations by transmitting a sense of mission, stimulating learning experiences, and inspiring new ways of thinking.

Transformational leadership * Transformational leadership is the style of leadership that goes beyond ordinary expectations by transmitting a sense of mission, stimulating learning experiences, and inspiring new ways of thinking.

Manish is giving a party at his home and has put together a complete plan for the event. He has chosen to invite eleven people to the party. Which type of network would be most effective in communicating the invitations?

Wheel * In the given scenario the wheel pattern of communication would be most effective as Manish has all the details about the party. In the wheel pattern communication network, all communication flows through one central person, who is probably the group's leader. In a sense, the wheel is the most centralized network because one person receives and disseminates all information.

Scientists at Health Check, a chain of hospitals, have developed a computer system which can use the reasoning patterns used by doctors to diagnose illness and prescribe the required medicines. This system is an example of:

expert system. * The system in the scenario is an example of an expert system.One special form of AI, the expert system, is designed to imitate the thought processes of human experts in a particular field.

Chandra owns a goods delivery business. When Chandra's delivery drivers are experiencing a great deal of interpersonal conflict, Chandra reminds them that cooperation with one another is necessary for the continued profitability of the firm, and also for their job security. Chandra is controlling conflict by:

focusing workers' attention on superordinate goals. * Managers can focus employee attention on higher-level, or superordinate, goals as a way of eliminating lower-level conflicts.

Information that is complete:

must present all pertinent facts * Complete information provides the manager with all the information that he or she needs.

During the _____ stage of group development, group members begin to recognize and accept their roles, and understand the roles of other members.

norming * As groups mature, they tend to evolve through four distinct stages of development. During the norming stage, each person begins to recognize and accept her or his role and to understand the roles of others. Members also begin to accept one another and to develop a sense of unity.

Many working women who try to combine the roles of mother, wife, professional, and civic leader complain about having to be superwomen. This is likely an expression of feelings of ______.

role overload * Role overload occurs when expectations for the role exceed the individual's capabilities to perform.

Which of the following is NOT a possible reward for a manager to use who wants to exercise effective reward power with his or her subordinates?

A standard reward for everyone * The best way to exercise reward power is to tie rewards directly to employee performance.

How can one overcome communication barriers by regulating information flow?

By ensuring that overload does not occur * Three useful organizational skills can enhance communication effectiveness for both the sender and the receiver—following up, regulating information flow, and understanding the richness of different media.Regulating information flow means that the sender or receiver takes steps to ensure that overload does not occur.

How did Fiedler measure leadership styles?

By means of a questionnaire called the least-preferred coworker measure * Fiedler measures leadership style by means of a questionnaire called the least-preferred coworker (LPC) measure.

In the control process, which of the following steps follows the measurement of performance?

Comparing performance against standards * After performance is measured, it is compared against established standards.

John began his company making herb vinegars from a recipe his grandmother had given him. As demand grew, he had to buy a large commercial kitchen. Which of the following ratios would a banker be most interested in before allowing John to borrow $500,000?

Debt Ratio * Debt ratios reflect ability to meet long-term financial obligations.

Which of the following types of control is used for resources such as retained earnings?

Financial control * Financial control is the control of financial resources as they flow into the organization (such as revenues and shareholder investments), are held by the organization (for example, working capital and retained earnings), and flow out of the organization (like pay and expenses).

The advertising department at a technology firm is an example of a(n) _____ group.

Functional * A functional group is a permanent group created by the organization to accomplish a number of organizational purposes with an unspecified time horizon.

Which barrier to communication exists when a sender is considered an unreliable source of information?

Lack of credibility * Credibility problems arise when the sender is not considered a reliable source of information.

Which of the following is considered to be a form of personal electronic technology?

Laptop computers * A laptop is an example of personal digital technology.In recent years, the nature of organizational communication has changed dramatically, mainly because of breakthroughs in personal electronic communication technology, and the future promises even more change.

A manager at a supermarket needs to know how easily the store's assets can be converted into cash. Which of the following ratios will he use?

Liquidity ratio * Liquidity ratios indicate how liquid, or easily converted into cash, an organization's assets are.

Match the following numbered items with the most correct response letter. A response may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Norms - Standards of behavior accepted and expected by a group Socialization - Moving from outsider to insider in a group Intrarole conflict - Conflicting signals from different sources in the same role Interrole conflict - Conflict between team roles and one's permanent role in a functional group Cohesiveness - ​Extent to which members are loyal and committed to a group Role overload - Expectations for the role exceed the individual's capabilities

_____ control provides a basis for rewarding employees.

Postaction * Postaction control provides a basis for rewarding employees.

What is the basic assumption of situational approaches to leadership?

The appropriate leader style will vary from one set of circumstances to another. * Situational models assume that appropriate leader behavior varies from one situation to another. The goal of a situational theory, then, is to identify key situational factors and to specify how they interact to determine appropriate leader behavior.

According to the path-goal theory, if people perceive that they are lacking in abilities, they are most likely to prefer _____ to help them understand path-goal relationships better.

directive leadership * According to the path-goal theory, if people perceive that they are lacking in abilities, they prefer directive leadership to help them understand path-goal relationships better.

The more important the information and the fewer the people who have access to it, the greater is the degree of _____ power possessed by any one individual.

expert * The more important the information and the fewer the people who have access to it, the greater is the degree of expert power possessed by any one individual.

Kenyon has always wanted to work at Meridian Electronics. When he got an opportunity to join a local service club to which the owner of Meridian belonged, he jumped at the chance, hoping that it would help him get the job he wanted. Kenyon joined the club for the potential _____.

instrumental benefits​ * A reason why people join groups is that membership is sometimes seen as instrumental in providing other benefits to the individual.

A group is defined as two or more people who ______.

interact regularly to accomplish a common purpose or goal. * A group consists of two or more people who interact regularly to accomplish a common purpose or goal.

Honda Motor Company's plant outside Columbus, Ohio, manufactures cars of all sizes, from the small Civic to the large Element, and they are all built on the same assembly line. This flexible manufacturing setup allows Honda to adapt rapidly to consumers' desires. It should also decrease:

intergroup conflict between marketing and production. * Intergroup conflict is the conflict between two or more organizational groups that usually arises more from organizational causes than from interpersonal causes

At the Olympics, "dream teams" have frequently failed to win the gold medal. These teams usually have a number of great players who are, nevertheless, uncomfortable with the prospect of sharing their victory. This is an example of decreasing cohesiveness due to:

intragroup competition. * Cohesiveness tends to decline due to intragroup competition. When members are competing among themselves, they focus more on their own actions and behaviors than on those of the group.

A publishing firm will use a(n) _____ budget to forecast and plan the demand for young adult books in Southeast Asia in the coming year.

operating * An operating budget is concerned with planned operations within the organization. It outlines what quantities of products or services the organization intends to create and what resources will be used to create them.

Hermes is a taxi service that asks customers to fill out an online feedback form once their ride is complete. Hermes is making use of _____ operations control.

postaction * Postaction control focuses on the outputs of the organization after the transformation process is complete.

One of the reasons Steve Jobs was very successful at Apple was his charisma. From this observation, we can infer that he had _____ power.

referent * Referent power is the personal power that accrues to someone based on identification, imitation, loyalty, or charisma.

According to Fiedler, a task is structured when it is:

routine, easy to understand, and unambiguous. * According to Fiedler, a task is structured when it is routine, easy to understand, and unambiguous.

KFC used Facebook, Twitter, and the KFC website to introduce 18- to 25-year-olds to Colonel Sanders, the founder of KFC. In this scenario, KFC used a(n) _____.

social media system * KFC has used social media. Forms of social media such as Twitter and Facebook often mimic the traditional grapevine.

Monitoring the administrative ratio to make sure staff expenses do not become excessive is an example of _____ control.

structural * Structural control is concerned with how the elements of the organization's structure are serving their intended purpose. Monitoring the administrative ratio to make sure staff expenses do not become excessive is an example of structural control.

In the Ohio State studies, employees of supervisors who ranked high on initiating structure:

were high performers. * In the Ohio State studies, employees of supervisors who ranked high on initiating structure were high performers but expressed low levels of satisfaction and had a higher absence rate.

How can managers efficiently control the grapevine in organizations?

By maintaining open channels of communication * In the recent years, there has been an increase in informal communication in organizations. One contributing factor is the recent increase in merger, acquisition, and takeover activity. Because such activity can greatly affect the people within an organization, it follows that they may spend more time talking about it.23 The second contributing factor is that as more and more corporations move facilities from inner cities to suburbs, employees tend to talk less and less to others outside the organization and more and more to one another.

The financial ratio that reflects the ability to meet long-term financial obligations is the _____ ratio.

Debt * The financial ratio that reflects the ability to meet long-term financial obligations is the _____ ratio.