Adult Chapter 6

Later life tends to become isolated and stagnant for most elders.

ANS: FALSE PG: 151

social network

combination of social ties

fun-seeker

grandparents who act as peers and playmates

senior centers

offer services and activities in addition to recreation

Connidis and Campbell established the hypotheses for a study on sibling relationships

678 interviews with people over 55 conclusion: siblings impact can be underestimated

80% of people over 65 have living children

80% of those, or 60% of all older people, have grandchildren

3. A person's confidant in life is typically a close friend, not a family member.

ANS: FALSE PG: 151

Marriages are likely to last 40 to 70 years.

ANS: FALSE PG: 151

6. In terms of level of obligation within the family, sibling ties are more binding than that of marriage of parent to child.

ANS: FALSE PG: 153

8. The typical time for becoming a grandparent is old age.

ANS: FALSE PG: 156

12. A companion is someone to confide in and share personal problems with.

ANS: FALSE PG: 162

13. Social networks relate to how many online networks one is associated with.

ANS: FALSE PG: 163

4. A person's relationship with siblings is likely to be the longest relationship in an individual's life.

ANS: TRUE PG: 152

5. The baby boomers will be the first cohort in history that has less offspring than siblings.

ANS: TRUE PG: 152

7. Females maintain closer relationships with family members than do males

ANS: TRUE PG: 156

9. Women are more likely than men to look forward to the role of grandparent.

ANS: TRUE PG: 159

10. For some grandparents, stepgrandchildren are treated as biological grandchildren.

ANS: TRUE PG: 161

11. Older Americans are still likely to live in the communities in which they raised their children.

ANS: TRUE PG: 162

14. Elders benefit from services of religious groups that minister to the needs of the sick, frail, disabled, and homebound.

ANS: TRUE PG: 165

15. Religion is the fundamental motive for living of the intrinsically religious.

ANS:FALSE PG: 164

9. The _________ generation family is becoming common in the current population. a. 3 b. 4 c. 2 d. 5

a. 3

13. Studies of grandparents whose children have divorced show a. about half were friendly with their child's former spouse. b. they were more likely to be friendly with a male, rather than female, ex-spouse. c. grandchildren preferred to decrease the time they spent together with the grandparents. d. were unlikely to lose contact with their grandchildren, even if the custodial parent was male.

a. about half were friendly with their child's former spouse.

8. Urban elders, in contrast to rural elders, a. interact more with their children. b. have substantially smaller incomes. c. are more restricted in terms of mobility. d. experience poorer physical health.

a. interact more with their children.

28. The femaleness principle refers to the a. more central roles of women in the network of unmarried people. b. caregiving role of daughters to aging parents. c. greater longevity of women than men. d. married older people maintain closest relationships with their female children.

a. more central roles of women in the network of unmarried people.

33. People age 65 or older are a. most likely of any age group to belong to church-affiliated organizations. b. less likely than middle-age people to attend churches or synagogues. c. more extrinsically than intrinsically religious. d. less concerned with spirituality than middle-age people.

a. most likely of any age group to belong to church-affiliated organizations.

2. Bonds between ____________ tend to be second only to mother-child ties in intensity and complexity. a. siblings b. husband and wife c. father and child d. grandparents and grandchildren

a. siblings

4. A review of previous research on sibling contact reveals a. siblings generally maintain contact with each other. b. that contact decreases in old age. c. the majority of elder siblings view their relationships with their siblings negatively. d. the loss of a sibling through death is less consequential for an elderly person than had it occurred earlier in life.

a. siblings generally maintain contact with each other.

11. Grandparents who have taken responsibility for raising their grandchildren are likely to experience all of the following EXCEPT a. stress from having little contact with the child's parent. b. deterioration of physical health. c. depression. d. frustration about the imposition of child-rearing responsibilities late in life

a. stress from having little contact with the child's parent.

18. In elderly women's friendship networks, a. the essential elements of friendship—understanding, affection, trust, and acceptance—endure over time. b. companions are confidants. c. women's interactions with friends stay about the same over time. d. the instrumental domain of friendships in later life dominates.

a. the essential elements of friendship—understanding, affection, trust, and acceptance—endure over time.

equity theory

an equitable relationship exists if all participants are receiving gains, participants will be distressed if they contribute too much to, or receive too little from, a friendship

social support

assessed as a more qualitative aspect of the relationship how satisfied individuals are with the support they receive and whether supporters understand them

32. Which ethnic group was found to traditionally use the church as a powerful source of social support? a. Asian Americans b. African Americans c. Hispanics d. Anglo-Saxon

b. African Americans

24. Which statement is correct about senior centers? a. They are rare. b. There will soon be one in every community. c. They are used by people of every age. d. The existing number will decline.

b. There will soon be one in every community.

25. A "convoy" is a. a social-work and health-care support system offered by a community. b. a network of supportive family and friends. c one's set of neighborhood acquaintances. d. the total sum of intimate friends over the life span.

b. a network of supportive family and friends.

14. In a study by Dorothy Apple it was learned that the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren tended to be ___________and _____ in households where grandparents retained little control. a. formal; stiff b. friendly; informal c. secretive; carefree d. passive; emotionless

b. friendly; informal

29. Religiosity refers to a. religion as the fundamental motive for living. b. interaction with organized religion. c. the psychological sense of purpose and well-being due to spiritual transcendence from self. d. the use of religion for purposes such as socialization.

b. interaction with organized religion.

21. The elderly are most likely to join a a. church. b. lodge or fraternal organization. c. senior center. d. book or garden club.

b. lodge or fraternal organization.

26. Studies of convoys found a. those of the elderly average about five members. b. men usually dominate. c. some people drop out and others join the convoy after it has begun. d. members of convoys stay virtually the same throughout life.

b. men usually dominate.

19. According to your text, a confidant is described as a. someone who keeps messages. b. someone to confide in and share personal problems. c. someone whom you relate to at work. d. someone who is secretive.

b. someone to confide in and share personal problems.

sibling

brothers or sisters

1. Which of the following illustrates a change in the American family today? a. Kin relationships are shorter than they were in the past. b. Marriages are less likely to last 50 years or more. c. The post-parental stage of life lasts longer. d. Parents are less likely to see their grandchildren grow up.

c. The post-parental stage of life lasts longer.

15. Legal visitation rights between grandparents and grandchildren a. traditionally have been granted by the court except in extraordinary cases. b. are generally allowed if the parents put the child up for adoption. c. are generally permitted if provisions for visiting the grandparents were made prior to the divorce. d. are unlikely to be granted even if the parent has been proven unfit.

c. are generally permitted if provisions for visiting the grandparents were made prior to the divorce.

30. Spiritual well being refers to a. attending religious services. b. praying regularly. c. having a psychological sense of purpose and meaning. d. being mentally healthy.

c. having a psychological sense of purpose and meaning.

31. A study of elderly people coping with cancer found hope and more positive mood states were associated with a. high extrinsic religiosity. b. low spirituality. c. high intrinsic religiosity. d. low extrinsic religiosity.

c. high intrinsic religiosity.

6. Having more sisters in a family a. decreases the likelihood of their being primary care givers. b. increases the likelihood of mothers, but not fathers, having assistance from their children. c. increases the level of care to the parents. d. increases the likelihood of fathers, but not mothers, having assistance from their children.

c. increases the level of care to the parents

20. According to your text, a companion is defined as a. a lover. b. a best friend. c. someone who regularly shares in activities with you. d. a close family member.

c. someone who regularly shares in activities with you.

17. Studies of equity and morale have found a. under-benefited women had very low morale. b. the over-benefited women had the highest morale. c. the equitably benefited women had the highest morale. d. morale was highest among independent women, those not involved in an equitable relationship.

c. the equitably benefited women had the highest morale.

3. The authors of your text predict that a. bonds between siblings will decrease in intensity. b. the responsibilities family members feel for each other will decrease in the years ahead. c. the family support system will become smaller. d. siblings will become peripheral or marginal to the support networks of older people

c. the family support system will become smaller.

spirituality

connotes harmonious relationships or connections with self, neighbor, nature, God, or a higher being

16. Studies of friendships among the elderly have found a. Less than half of the elderly had a close friend. b. Men were more often named as close friends than women. c. The average length of acquaintance with a close friend was five years. d. Most elderly friends keep in touch weekly.

d. Most elderly friends keep in touch weekly.

7. Kin relationships in white-collar families differ from those of blue-collar families in which of the following ways? a. White-collar families tend to have closer family ties. b. Family members maintain ties by living near each other. c. Visits from kin often constitute the major, if not the only, form of social activity for blue-collar families. d. White-collar families are more likely to geographically scattered

d. White-collar families are more likely to geographically scattered

34. What are some of the factors that discourage remarriage in old age? a. pressure from children b. respect for the deceased spouse c. fear of ridicule d. all of these choices

d. all of these choices

22. Studies of voluntary participation that controlled for social class found a. voluntary participation increases in all social classes. b. voluntary participation declines with age. c. working class elders are more likely than middle-class or upper-class to participate in voluntary organizations, regardless of age. d. being a "joiner" is related to middle- or upper-class lifestyle, and aging does not necessarily change this lifestyle.

d. being a "joiner" is related to middle- or upper-class lifestyle, and aging does not necessarily change this lifestyle.

27. Women are more likely to be keepers of the networks of older people for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a. longevity differences between men and women. b. the caregiving role of daughters to aging parents. c. women are more engaged than men in network support across the life span. d. elders tend to be both geographically closer to the women in their networks.

d. elders tend to be both geographically closer to the women in their networks.

5. Research reports the bond of siblings to be ____________ than in the past. a. more distant b. more negative c. less interested in one another d. more forgiving

d. more forgiving

10. Reasons grandparents become parents to grandchildren, according to the text include all of the following EXCEPT a. parents' drug abuse or mental health problems. b. parents' divorce. c. grandparents request to be the parent of the children. d. parents' death.

d. parents' death.

12. Research suggest that, compared to grandparents in other societies, American grandparents a. retain considerable authority over their grandchildren. b. have more stiff and formal relationships with their grandchildren. c. take direct responsibility for the behavior of their grandchildren. d. play a background, supportive role, especially in times of crisis.

d. play a background, supportive role, especially in times of crisis.

23. Most senior centers operate under a. the local government. b. churches and unions. c. private owners. d. upper-class patrons.

d. upper-class patrons.

Conndis 2003 found that only when a closely related family member is not available

does a close friend rather than a relative act as a confidant

network anaylsis

enables caregivers to tell whether social or health intervention might be necessart

There is a conceptual distinction between

feelings that siblings may harbor for one another and the obligations that are shared by virtue of family ties (Waldinger et al. 2007)

religiosity

interaction with organized religion

Greater grandparent involvement is associated with

more prosocial behavior in dysfunctional families

Baby boomers are the first cohort in history to have

more siblings and children (Butrica et al. 2003/4)

companion

one who regularly shares in activities in past times

sex commonality principle

people tend to remain closer with same sex siblings and children

convoy model

protective layer of family and friends who surround a person and offer support

confidant

some to confide in and share personal problems with

grandmothering theory

the biological function of grandmothers is to enhance the survivability of the youngest generational member of the family line

femaleness principle

women play more central roles in the network of unmarried people (including widowed parents)