AFAM Exam 1

In the "Definition" section of Chapter 3, Karenga discusses the self-contradictory nature of society. He explains this by writing that society, "designed as a context for human freedom, defense, and development," very often becomes the context for the "suppression, exploitation, and oppression" of others. What does he call this notion?

"the fundamental paradox of society"

According to unit presentations, assigned viewings, and assigned readings, the period of American history referred to as the "Reconstructuion," lasted approximately:

10 years

In Chapter 4, Section 4.6, "The Civil War and Reconstruction", of the Introduction to Black Studies text, during Reconstruction, how many black politicians were elected to Congress (both the Senate and the House of Representatives)?

22

In Section 1.3 of Chapter 1 in the Introduction to Black Studies text, the author mentions the basic objectives of Black Studies. How many are there?

5

In Section 1.4 of Chapter 1 in the Introduction to Black Studies text, Karenga describes what he considers the core fields of Black Studies. How many fields does he list?

7

According to Chapter 9, Section 9.1, "Introduction" of the Introduction to Black Studies text, how does Karenga define the Black aesthetic?

A distinctive mode of artistic expression and a distinctive standard by which Black art can be identified and judged in terms of its creativity, beauty and social relevance.

In Section 4.3, "The Holocaust of Enslavement", of Chapter 4 of the Introduction to Black Studies text, Karenga describes the African slavery operated by the Europeans as a holocaust. On which three levels does he describes the holocaust as occurring?

A holocaust of human life, human culture, and human possibility.

In Chapter 4, Section 4.4, "Enslavement: Basis and System", of the Introduction to Black Studies text, Karenga refers to the cultural genocide to which Africans in the American system of enslavement were subjected. He states cultural genocide against Africans included the destruction of: (1) political identities and ethnic units and identities; (2) families; (3) cultural leaders; and (4) _________.

African languages

According to assigned readings, assigned viewings, and the Unit 3 presentations, support of the African American community was divided when the philosophical and political rivalry between two prominent turn of the century black leaders become public. Who were the two adversarial leaders? (HINT: One was a former slave who graduated from Hampton Institute and would later found the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute; the other was a free-born Harvard-educated sociologist who helped found the NAACP.)

Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois

According to Chapter 4, Section 4.9, "Leadership and Social Struggle" of the Introduction to Black Studies text, who are the four black leaders who were profiled?

Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey, and Ida B. Wells-Barnett

According to Chapter 4, Section 4.8, "Organization for Social Justice and Social Service" of the Introduction to Black Studies text, Karenga states that both the NAACP and the NUL have something in common. What is the commonality (according to Karenga) that they share?

Both organizations are controlled by white liberals.

In terms of the Great Migration, the "Promised Land" generally refers to which of the following American cities?

Chicago, IL

According to the Unit 3 presentations, which of the following landmark U. S. Supreme Court decisions was reversed (and nullified) by the 14th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution?

Dred Scott v. Sandford decision

In the "Introduction" section of Chapter 3, Karenga explains the connection between black history and "Black Studies". How does he describe the relationship between the two?

Karenga states they are different, but connected; black history is essential to understanding "Black Studies".

In Chapter 4, Section 4.3, "The Holocaust of Enslavement", of the Introduction to Black Studies text, Karenga presents what he considers several misconceptions about the Europeans' enslavement of Africans. Which of the following is NOT one of the misconceptions he states?

The bulk of responsibility for the wholesale destruction and depopulation of Africa actually belongs squarely on the shoulders of the Arabs and Africans; their willingness to engage in the commerce of enslaved persons with the Europeans - regardless of the eventual outcome - opened the door to brutal death and dehumanization of millions of Africans.

In Chapter 4, Section 4.7, "The Great Migration and Urbanization" of the Introduction to Black Studies text, Karenga explains that the Great Migration occurred due to five factors. Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?

The economic growth of the agricultural industry in the South, especially in Alabama and Mississippi.

In the "Problems of Study" section of Chapter 3, Karenga states there are three major factors that make the study and writing of African history problematic. Which of the following is NOT one of the three factors?

The systematic denial of and subsequent efforts to "Europeanize" African civilization and accomplishments.

In the "Problems of Study" section of Chapter 3, Karenga ends the section by making a suggestion to students reading his text. What is the suggestion he makes?

To explore the more detailed and comprehensive treatment of African history by reading the books Karenga cites in his text.

In Chapter 4, Section 4.6, "The Civil War and Reconstruction", of the Introduction to Black Studies text, Karenga suggests that the Emancipation Proclamation, since it only freed slaves in the Confederacy and really could not be enforced, was not a blanket declaration of freedom for all enslaved Africans and African Americans. Instead, he suggests its value was merely as a _________ designed to appease the abolitionists and Radical Republicans and lend a moral character to the Union's position in the Civil War.

propaganda document

In "Solomon Northrup Describes a New Orleans Slave Auction, 1841" selection from Let Nobody Turn Us Around, Northup describes the experience of slaves being taken to auction and prepared for sale. He also explained how slaves were displayed and inspected during the auction. According to Northrup, what would hurt the sale of a slave?

scars on a slave's back

According to assigned viewings, assigned readings, and the Unit 3 presentations, which of the following was known by African Americans as "neo-slavery"?

sharecropping

The "Slaves Are Prohibited to Read and Write by Law" selection from Let Nobody Turn Us Around provides an example of a statute passed in North Carolina in 1830-1831. This statute is a fairly typical example of ______ passed throughout the South at the time.

slave codes

In Chapter 4, Section 4.5, "Resistance to Enslavement", of the Introduction to Black Studies text, what is described as representing in a very dramatic way "the determination of the abolitionists to destroy slavery"?

the Underground Railroad

The 14th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, ratified July 1868, established:

the citizenship of all African Americans

In Section 1.2 of Chapter 1 in the Introduction to Black Studies text, Karenga states that historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) only added Black Studies to their curricula after ivy league universities like Harvard, Yale and Columbia began offering such programs. Which of the following is NOT given as one of the reasons HBCUs resisted Black Studies?

the efforts of HBCU faculty, staff and students who advocated for Black Studies programs on their own campuses.

In Chapter 4, Section 4.3, "The Holocaust of Enslavement", of the Introduction to Black Studies text, Karenga suggests five impacts of the European enslavement of Africans. Four of the impact he lists are: (1) the depopulation of the continent; (2) the loss of youth and skilled personnel, stunting the scientific, technological, and cultural progress of Africa; (3) interruption and destruction of economic activity; (4) created and sustained patterns of war and violence. What is the fifth?

the underdevelopment of Africa and the overdevelopment of Europe

In Section 3.9, "The Decline of African Societies," Karenga cites a particular 'communalistic character' of African societies that made them vulnerable to European conquest. Specifically, he writes that African societies had a tendency toward _________ (affection for foreign or strange cultures and people), rather than European societies' tendency toward _________ (fear of foreign or strange cultures and people).

xenophilia, xenophobia

In Section 3.6, "The Western Sudanic Civilizations," which three ancient West African empires does Karenga discuss?

Ghana, Mali and Songhai

According to Chapter 9, Section 9.2, "Black Art" of the Introduction to Black Studies text, what are the three basic characteristics that black art must have in order to be "real" and "relevant"?

It must be functional, collective, and committing.

In Section 1.2 of Chapter 1 in the Introduction to Black Studies text, what reason does Karenga give for not rooting the origins of Black Studies in the intellectual tradition of ancient African societies, or the activities of African Americans to catalog and organize the study of the African and African American experience before the 1960s?

Karenga states that Black Studies began as a political and academic demand by black students involved in the student movements in the 1960s.

In Section 3.5 of Chapter 3, "The Nile Valley Civilizations," Karenga discusses three original civilizations of the Nile Valley that broadly represent thousands of years of African history and culture. Which three original ancient Nile Valley civilizations does Karenga chronicle and discuss?

Nubia, Egypt and Ethiopia

According to the Unit 3 presentations, the 1896 case through which the U. S. Supreme Court established the doctrine of "separate but equal" was:

Plessy v. Ferguson

In Chapter 4, Section 4.6, "The Civil War and Reconstruction", of the Introduction to Black Studies text, as the Reconstruction period ended and the Redemption era began, the U. S. Supreme Court issued a landmark decision that set the foundation for life in the South for the next sixty years. What was the case?

Plessy v. Ferguson

In the "Introduction" section of Chapter 3, Karenga discusses the concept of sankofa, an Akan word which means "to return and recover it". In the context of African American history and "Black Studies," what is the significance of sankofa?

Sankofa represents the importance of historical recovery for Africans and African Americans.

In the "Hewlett & Bright Sale of Valuable Slaves," an advertisement from New Orleans featured in "The Selling of Slaves, 1835" selection from Let Nobody Turn Us Around, a list of slaves available for sale is presented. Slaves were considered chattel (personal property) for barter and sale. According to the terms listed in the ad, the owner wanted cash and notes for his slaves. However, as chattel, along with cash, it was also common for slaves to be exchanged for:

Slaves could be exchanged for all of these.

In Section 1.2 of Chapter 1 in the Introduction to Black Studies text, Karenga states the Student Movement encompassed four basic thrusts. According to the author, which of the four thrusts led directly to the establishment of Black Studies?

The Black Power Movement

The 15th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, ratified February 1870, established:

all black men have the right to vote

According to the assigned readings, unit presentations, and the documentary, "Unchained Memories," when African American slaves were finally emancipated, they:

all of the above

According to the assigned readings, unit presentations, and the documentary, "Unchained Memories," black female slaves who resisted sexual exploitation and abuse experienced which of the following punishments?

all of these were common punishments

The 13th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, ratified December 1865, established:

an end to slavery

In the "Human Origins in Africa" section of Chapter 3, Karenga briefly mentions Mesopotamia. How does he describe the theories about the origins of humans in Mesopotamia?

as "religious and secular myths"

In Chapter 4, Section 4.5, "Resistance to Enslavement", of the Introduction to Black Studies text, what are the five basic forms of resistance to enslavement in which Africans (and African Americans) engaged?

cultural, day-to-day, abolitionism, emigrationism, and armed struggle

The result of the "separate but equal" doctrine was widespread establishment of _________ in the American South.

de jure segregation

In Section 1.1 of Chapter 1 in the Introduction to Black Studies text, when does Karenga state the discipline of Black Studies developed?

during the last four decades

According to the film, "The Promised Land," and the Unit 3 presentations, one effect of the Great Migration was the creation of a highly populated "all-black side of town," complete with stores, restaurants, clubs, etc., that served the needs of black residents. This is also known as a(n):

enclave

In Section 3.9, "The Decline of African Societies," what are the three things Karenga mentions as giving the Europeans a technological advantage over Africa?

guns, ships, and capitalism

According to the unit presentations, assigned readings, and assigned viewing, linking the perpetuation of slavery to the condition of the mother made it _______.

matrilineal

In Chapter 4, Section 4.4, "Enslavement: Basis and System", of the Introduction to Black Studies text, what are the three major sets of factors that form the basis of the American system of enslavement?

profitability, practicality, and justifiability