African American History Final (Midterm)

In what century did the Atlantic slave trade reach similar proportions to the Muslim trans-Sahara slave trade?

1600s

The time period of "seasoning" a slave in the Americas lasted no more than how many years?

2 years

How did African women's experiences differ from African men's experiences on slave ships?

African women experienced sexual violence from the crew.

What types of achievements did American Indians in North and South America make before the arrival of Columbus?

American Indian civilizations had established political systems, large cities, and made many discoveries in science.

What is the connection between slaves and Christianity in the painting of a plantation burial?

Christianity is a vital and meaningful part of slave culture on plantations.

Which of the following is an example of the accomplishments of Christopher Columbus in the late 1400s?

Columbus made navigation mistakes that led to his accidental landfall in the Americas.

African women caught in the Atlantic slave trade were worth twice the price of African men in Caribbean markets; as a result, captains took large numbers of women on board their vessels.

False

Columbus's voyages had little effect on the slave trade.

False

Egyptian women never ruled Egypt as pharaohs.

False

Which of the following was true of African health care aboard slave ships?

Generally, ship doctors used a primitive form of inoculation to prevent the worst diseases.

What did the Fourteenth Amendment accomplish?

It made all people born in the United States citizens.

Where was the first permanent British settlement in North America?

Jamestown

Which of the following is true about the use of medical remedies by doctors aboard slave ships?

Many collected African herbs and foods along the Guinea Coast to help treat illnesses at sea.

How was work divided among slaves during the seasoning process in the West Indies?

Masters generally divided the slaves into several gangs.

Which of the following was a black college established after the Civil War?

Morehouse

Which of the following was characteristic of most slaves' daily lives on plantations from 1700-1750?

Most slaves lived on small tracts of land and worked closely with their masters.

Why did Europeans need labor from Africa for their colonies in the Americas?

Native Americans quickly began to die in huge numbers from European diseases.

Which European country took the lead in the exploration and colonization of Africa, Asia, and the Americas in the early 1400s?

Portugal

Who was the first known Portuguese merchant to begin to formally trade for slaves with the Africans?

Ruy do Siqueira

What was the status of the first Africans in the British colony of Virginia?

Servants

What was a common characteristic of a typical slave ship?

Slave captains packed their ships as tightly as possible to maximize profit.

What was the sentiment of northern teachers, black or white, who came to the South to teach?

Some emphasized teaching cleanliness and manners over academic subjects.

How did some former masters react to the emancipation of their slaves?

Some were tremendously hurt and surprised when their slaves chose to leave after freedom.

How did a planter decide if a slave had been "seasoned"?

The slave seemed psychologically stable and not suicidal.

What types of arguments did blacks use at conventions to try to persuade whites to give them more rights?

They asked that whites live by the terms of the Declaration of Independence.

Which of the following was true of the "black codes"?

They kept blacks from purchasing property and testifying in court.

Why did the British want to take over the slave trade in the late-seventeenth century?

They needed labor for tobacco and sugar cultivation in North America and the Caribbean.

What do Fisk, Hampton, Tougaloo, and Avery Colleges have in common?

They were black schools established by religious organizations, along with the Freedmen's Bureau, after the Civil War.

What happened to the Mississippian culture during the fourteenth century?

They were destroyed by climate change and warfare.

What were some of the limitations of black teachers in the South?

They were often poorly educated themselves.

Most African slave rebellions at sea took place while a ship prepared to set sail, the African coast was in sight, and the slaves could still hope to return home.

True

Slave ship captains used hot coals or a metal device called a speculum oris to force Africans to open their mouths for feeding.

True

The origins of the Atlantic slave trade stemmed from Western Europe's expansion during the fifteenth century.

True

Why did Africans enslave other Africans and sell them to Europeans?

Warfare among African tribes led to selling defeated tribes to make money and to get rid of opponents.

How did white masters apply the teachings of Christianity to their slaves?

White masters told their slaves that blacks were to obey their masters just as they were to obey God.

How do events in New Orleans in July 1866 reflect the tenor of race relations in southern cities at that time?

Whites resisted black efforts at gaining equality and resorted to mob action and murder.

In what form did the Portuguese use captured slaves until the early sixteenth century?

as domestic servants

How did slaves resist the system of slavery?

by destroying their masters' property

How did whites react to blacks attempting to establish schools in the South?

by using violence, including killing teachers

What factor slowed the spread of Christianity among slaves before the Great Awakening?

fear on the part of slave masters that Christianity would bring ideas of freedom and equality to slaves

Who comprised the largest class of laborers in British North America before 1670?

indentured servants

What African characteristic(s) did second-generation slaves rapidly lose in America?

language

What factor contributed most to the preservation and continuation of West African culture in British North America?

more balanced sex ratios after 1750

What was the first concern of many African Americans once they achieved freedom?

moving to the northern cities

Which of the following was a common way for slaves to rebel or resist their imprisonment while at sea?

refusing to eat

Which of the following diseases vied with dysentery to kill the most slaves while aboard slave ships?

smallpox

What was the occupation of many black slaves in the Spanish colony of St. Augustine?

soldiers

Which of the following statements best describes the triangular trade system produced by the Atlantic slave trade?

the middle part of the trade included traders carrying African slaves to the West Indies and exchanging slaves for sugar

What was the main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?

to help assist the newly freed slaves in their transition to freedom

How were the concepts of freedom and education interrelated in the minds of blacks after the Civil War?

to remain illiterate was to remain enslaved