Age of Exploration and Discovery

All of the following motivated Spanish explorers during the 15th & 16th centuries EXCEPT

A desire to build settlements abroad

By the 16th century the center of commercial activity had shifted from the Mediterranean to the

Atlantic Ocean.

At its height (ca. 1580), the Spanish empire of Philip II included all of the following EXCEPT

Bohemia.

All of the following were necessary prerequisites to the Age of Exploration EXCEPT

Curiosity inspired by the Renaissance

Which of the following describes one of the most significant outcomes of the Age of Exploration?

European wealth and power shifted from the Mediterranean region to Western Europe

In 1571 the Spanish and Turkish control of the Mediterranean at the battle of

Lepanto.

The first European country to enter into direct trade with the Far East and establish colonies there was

Portugal.

The Columbian Exchange resulted in the introduction of which of the following things to Europe?

Potatoes, maize, and tomatoes

Portuguese exploration of the African coast was inspired and supported by

Prince Henry the Navigator

The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) granted Portugal the eastern trade route to the Indies as well as Brazil; lands to the west of Brazil were given to

Spain.

Spain was willing to fund Christopher Columbus' search for a westward trade route to Asia because:

The terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas did not allow it to

Which of the following statements best describes the Columbian Exchange?

The three-way exchange of goods and ideas between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

Which of these explorers was the first to reach India by sailing around the Cape of Good Hope to India?

Vasco Da Gama

All of the following were explorers for the Spanish crown EXCEPT

Vasco de Gama

The Mediterranean carrying trade in the 14c and 15c was in the hands of

Venice.

For England, the primary result of the 16c wars with Spain was that it

assured her national independence and promoted an intense national spirit.

Portugal's role in the Age of Discovery included all of the following EXCEPT

developing a unique system of diplomacy to forge relationships with its colonized lands

Why did the English, Dutch, and French governments fail to begin colonization of the Americas and direct trade with the Orient until more than 100 years after Columbus discovered America?

domestic troubles and religious controversies delayed organized action.

The major cause of the growing weakness of Spain and Portugal after 1600 was the

failure to find productive investments with profits from New World colonies.

Which BEST explains the decline of Spanish power in the 17c?

foolish monarchs and an uncertain flow of treasure from the New World.

The phase of European discovery and exploration that occurred during the 15th and 16th centuries was prompted mainly by the quest for

gold and spices

Encomiendas in the Spanish New World were

grants permitting owners to take income or labor from land and its inhabitants.

The greatest flaw in Columbus's plan to reach Asia by sailing west was that

he drastically underestimated the circumference of the earth and didn't know about the existence of the continents of North and South America

Scarcity of labor in the Americas led the Spanish and Portuguese colonizers to

import slaves from Africa.

Exploration and colonization during the Age of Discovery changed the daily lives of lower class Europeans by

introducing new foods to their diets

Which of the following groups generally benefited from the inflation of the sixteenth century?

merchants

The victory of Hernán Cortés over the Aztecs was greatly facilitated by the fact that

smallpox decimated much of the indigenous population

Why did the initiative in early conquest and exploration pass to northern European nations in the later 16c?

the Dutch and the British improved the design of oceanic vessels, producing faster ships than their Catholic rivals.

All of the following helped cause the Age of European Exploration EXCEPT

the Mughals' continued encroachment into Central Europe.

Spain's expansion in the Americas was made particularly easy by

the impact of imported diseases on the Indian population.

The Spanish empire in America was characterized by

the introduction of a manorial-like system, the encomienda.

Among the food plants the Europeans brought back from the Americas, the most immediately beneficial to humans was

the potato

The Dutch East India Company was created in 1602 because

the rise of trade required new ways of structuring business

The technological innovations in maritime technology by the 1500s were important because

they made it possible for Europeans to sail anywhere.