Agents to control blood glucose levels prepu

A nurse is preparing a syringe that contains regular and NPH insulin. To ensure effectiveness, the nurse would administer the insulin.d within which time frame?

15 minutes Rationale: To ensure therapeutic effectiveness and appropriate suspension of the mixed insulin, the nurse would need to administer the injection within 15 minutes of mixing the insulins in the syringe.

The nurse is reviewing a prescription for metformin. The nurse should immediately contact the prescribing health care provider to report a contraindication if the prescription is for which client?

An 82 year old diagnosed with type 2 diabetes Rationale: There is a black box warning against the use of metformin in persons older than 80 years because of the risk for lactic acidosis. Recent surgery, a diagnosis or anorexia, and the use of oral contraceptives do not contraindicate the use of metformin

A female client visits the health care provider's office after routine labs are drawn. The nurse notes that her A1C is 9. How does the nurse interpret this finding?

Client's average blood glucose is above normal. Rationale: The ADA suggests a target A1C of less than 7% A1C should be measured every 3 to 6 months. An A1C indicates that the clients average blood glucose is consistently above normal

Which would a nurse identify as an example of a sulfonlyurea?

Glyburide Rationale: Glyburide is an example of a sulfonlyurea. Metformin is classified as a biguanide. Acarbose and Miglitol are alpha-glycosides inhibitors.

A nurse at a health care facility is assigned to administer insulin to the patient. Which intervention should the nurse perform before administering each insulin dose?

Inspect the previous injection site for inflammation Rationale: The nurse should check the previous injection site before administering each insulin dose. The injection sites should be rotated to prevent lipodystrophy. Prefilled syringes should not be kept horizontally; they should be kept in a vertical or oblique position to avoid plugging the needle. The nurse checks for symptoms of myalgia or malaise when administration of metformin leads to lactic acidosis. Insulin should be kept at room temperature for administration. Insulin is refrigerated and if it needs to be stored for up to three months for later use

What is the expected action of sitagliptin on type 2 diabetes?

It slows the rate of inactivation of the incretin hormones. Rationale: sitagliptin minimizes the rate of inactivation of the incretin hormones to increase hormone levels and prolong their activity. Sitagliptin does not block the S phase of the cell cycle. Sitagliptin is not synthetically prepared monosodium salt nor does it inhibit hydrogen, potassium, ATPase

Insulin binds with and activated receptors on cell membrane ms. Once insulin receptor binding occurs the membrane ms become highly permeable to glucose. Which action does this enable?

Entry of glucose into the cells Rationale: After insulin receptor binding occurs, cell membranes become highly permeable to glucose and allow rapid entry of glucose into the cells

After reviewing information about different insulin preparation ms, a nursing student demonstrates understanding of the information when the student identifies which medication as an an example of a long acting insulin?

Insulin glargine Rationale: Insulin glargine is an example of a long acting insulin. Insulin lid Oro and insulin as part are rapid acting insulin. Isophane insulin suspension is an intermediate acting insulin

Rosiglitazone is being considered for the treatment of diabetes in an adult client. Before the initiation of rosiglitazone therapy the nurse should review what laboratory work recently drawn?

Liver enzymes Rationale: This medication has been associated with hepatotoxicity and requires monitoring of liver enzymes. Liver function tests (e.g serum amino transferase enzymes) should be checked before starting therapy and every 2 months for 1 year l, then periodically. Platelets, d-diner, and test of renal function are less significant to the safety and efficacy of treatment.

After teaching a class about various drugs used to control blood glucose the instructor determine that the teaching was successful when the class identifies what as a biguanide?

Metformin Rationale: Metformin is classified as a biguanide. Mitlitgol is an alpha-glycosidase inhibitor. Tolbutamide is a first generation sulfonylurea. Glipizade is a second generation sulfonlyurea

The nurse monitoring a client receiving insulin gliding noticed the client has become confused, diaphoretic, and nauseated. The nurse checks the client's blood glucose and it is 60 mg/dL (3.33mmol/L). Which can a nurse give to treat a client with a hypoglycemic episode?

Orange or other fruit juice, glucose tablets, hard candy Rationale: Methods of terminating a hypoglycemic reaction include the administration of one or more of the following: orange or other fruit juice, hard candy or honey, glucose tablets, glucagon or glucose 10 percent or 50 percent IV

The demonstration of what symptoms would suggest that an insulin dependent client is experiencing a hypoglycemic reaction? Select all that apply

Weakness, diaphoresis, mental confusion, increased pulse rate Rationale: Hypoglycemia also called low blood glucose occurs when the level of glucose in the blood drops below normal. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include tachycardia, palpitations, nervousness, weakness, confusion, hunger, and sweating. A decrease in blood glucose activated the sympathetic nervous system to produce a stress response. The nurse also assessed for such central nervous system effects as mental confusion, incoherent speech, visual changes, convulsions, and coma.