AHDC Unit 2 Review
Attributes of El Greco's style, such as elongated figures in an undefined space, are often characterized as ____.
Mannerist
Who is Elisabeth-Louise Vigee-Lebrun painting a portrait of in Self Portrait?
Marie Antoinette
What might Holbein's portrait of The French Ambassadors be an allusion to?
a clear reminder of human mortality
Albrecht Altdorfer derived his landscape depiction in the Battle of Issus from ____.
a map in the Nuremberg article
sill life
a picture depicting a scene of inanimate objects
camera obscura
a tiny pinhole projects an image on a screen, the wall of a room, or the ground glass wall of a box
Which of the following artists excelled in portraiture?
Hans Holbein
How did Johann Winckelmann influence the rise of Neoclassicism?
He wrote about the authority of Greek art, praising its idealistic images as superior to nature and rejecting the idea that art should imitate life.
Art historians believe that Vermeer used tools, such as the ____, to aid in his virtuoso depiction of light.
camera obscura
Georges de la Tour's dramatic use of light in Adoration of the Shepherds suggests his familiarity with the Italian artist ____.
caravaggio
Pope Paul V converted Saint Peter's from a central-plan church into a basilican-plan church because ____.
central-plan buildings evoked pagan temples
The Spanish painter Velásquez held the titles of first painter to the king and ____.
chief steward of the palace
Poussin was responsible for establishing ____ as a key component of 17th-century French art.
classical painting
Rembrandt deviated from typical group portraits in the Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by portraying members of the guild ____.
clustered to one side
Saints Anthony and Sebastian appear in Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece because of their association with ____.
disease and miraculous cures
A major force of political, social, and economic change in the 18th century was the ____.
enlightenment
During the Rococo movement, we saw the fall of _____.
enlightenment
Relief Sculpture
figures projecting from a background of which they are part
In Money-Changer and His Wife by Quentin Massys, the artist warns that ____ are a distraction from religious life.
financial transactions
Antoine Watteau's depiction of the amusements and entertainments of the upper classes is called a ____.
fête galante
Undulating
having a smoothly rising and falling form or outline
Describe the significance of Francis I as an art patron
he promoted the emergent French Renaissance by attracting many Italian artists
The Protestant concern about the role of religious imagery was in many cases outright hostile. Martin Luther spoke about destroying images. This destruction of religious imagery also occurred during the Byzantine period. Which of the following defines this act?
iconoclasm
The orb and the cross surmounting Bernini's Baldacchino symbolize ____.
the Church's triumph
In his Self-Portrait, Durer's hand position may be a reference to ____.
the artist's hand as a creative instrument
_____ allowed new philosophies to be widely circulated?
the printing press
The ____ of Francesco Borromini's architecture, visible in the facade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, opposed ancient ideas about architecture.
undulating motion and enhanced three-dimensional effect
varnish
used to seal an oil painting
In the Round
viewed from all angles
Coffers
A sunken panel, often ornamental, in a vault or a ceiling.
What anamorphic symbol appears in Holbein's The French Ambassadors?
Skull
Baroque art is NOT described as ____.
airy
Who created Knight, Death, and the Devil?
Albrecht Dürer
Baroque
An artistic style of the seventeenth century characterized by complex forms, bold ornamentation, and contrasting elements
Which of the following is one of the most important cities of the 16th-century Netherlands?
Antwerp
In designing the piazza of Saint Peter's, which objects was Bernini obligated to incorporate into the design, and how did he arrive at a solution?
Bernini had to mask the Vatican Palace without obscuring the papal apartments and was forced to work the existing elements into his design. He came up with the solution of the obelisk as the centerpiece of the Square and the existing fountain as the foci of the oval created by the massive colonnades
Bruegel's Netherlandish Proverbs is reminiscent of the topsy-turvy scenes by ____.
Bosch
Bernini's David was made for ____.
Cardinal Scipione Borghese
An important early patron of Caravaggio, ____ gave the artist a steady income in exchange for a selection of paintings.
Cardinal del Monte
The first known northern European self-portrait by a woman is purportedly by which of the following?
Caterina van Hemessen
The ____ is a free variation on Palladio's Villa Rotonda.
Chiswick House
The Roman Catholic response to the Reformation was formulated at which of the following?
Council of Trent
Jacques Louis David painted the ____ to provide inspiration and encouragement to revolutionary forces.
Death of Marat
How does Durer's Fall of Man (Adam and Eve) represent classical and northern traditions?
Durer was the first northern renaissance artist to become an international celebrity. the painting reflects his studies of the Vitruvian theory of human proportions. the forest is ennobled by classically proportioned figures, and anchored in tradition with the symbolism of the humors.
In the 16th-century power was focused on the king. This monarch made a concerted effort to elevate his country's cultural profile by inviting esteemed Italian artists to his court. Who was this monarch?
Francis I
In the ____, a band of Calvinists destroyed art works in Catholic churches in the Netherlands.
Great Iconoclasm
During the second half of the 16th century, ____ controlled the Netherlands.
Philip II
How is Dutch Baroque uniquely different from Italian Baroque art?
It appeals to the senses. It provides insight into the lives of the Dutch and the social history of holland at this time. Unlike Italian Baroque art it is not an exemplar of great themes or philosophies
What was the significance of the series Marie de' Medici commissioned from Rubens?
It was an opportunity for Marie to tell her side of the story.
In the grouping of the orders and bays, Hardouin-Mansart's Church of the Invalides in Paris is reminiscent of which of the following?
Italian Baroque
The monumental composition and sculpturesque form in Hans Holbein's The French Ambassadors reflects the influence of ____.
Italian art
The artist whose work best spoke for the French Revolution was which of the following?
Jacques-Louis David
The philosopher ____ believed that the human capacity for feeling, sensibility, and emotions came before reason.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Briefly describe the nature of mercantilist patronage and tastes.
Lack of authoritative ruler and catholic church in northern provinces. class or merchants with different tastes emerged as patrons. landscapes, portraits of middle-class men, and till lifes.
Jacob van Ruisdael specialized in which of the following genres?
Landscapes
Which of the following made up the territory known as the Netherlands in the 16th century?
Luxembourg, Holland, and Belgium
Exposure to the art treasures of Italy on the Grand Tour played a major role in the rise of ____.
Neoclassicism
Which region becomes more protestant in the 16th century?
Netherlands
How does the Isenheim Altarpiece represent suffering and salvation?
On the altarpiece's exterior, references to St. Anthony, who survived torment by demons and devils, and St. Sebastian, who was miraculously saved after being shot through with arrows, reinforce the message of healing and spiritual salvation through faith.
What role did art play in 17th-century Italy?
Painting in 17th-century Italy was an international endeavor. Large numbers of artists travelled to Rome, especially, to work and study.
Tenebrism
Painting in the "shadowy manner" using violent contrasts of light and dark as in the work of Caravaggio
Thomas Jefferson's redesign of Monticello was influenced by ____ and the Chiswick House?
Palladio's Villa Rotonda
The group of philosophers known as the ____ believed that the ills of humanity could be remedied by applying reason and common sense to problems.
Philosophes
Which artist did a series of six paintings showing seasonal changes?
Pieter Bruegel
Which of the following artists traveled to Italy yet chose not to incorporate classical elements into his work?
Pieter Bruegel
Which philosopher believed that society corrupts the innate good in man?
Rousseau
At the turn of the century, the French Academy was divided rather sharply between two doctrines. Which doctrine taught that color was the most important element?
Rubenistes
In the church of ____, Christopher Wren harmonized Palladian, French, and Italian Baroque features
Saint Paul's, London
What lead to Rachel Ruysch painting a still life in Fruit and Insects?
She had access to exotic flowers, plants, and fruits.
Which aspects of Elizabeth-Louise Vigee-Lebrun's Self-Portrait are representative of the new "naturalistic"
She looks directly at the viewers and pauses. It was a new more personal and less pretentious mode of portraiture. She portrayed herself in a close-up, intimate view at work.
El Escorial is in which country?
Spain
How does Jean-Antoinette Houdon's George Washington make reference to the Roman Republic?
The "column" that Washington leans on is actually what is known as fasces, made up of a bundle of 13 rods with an attached axe. The fasces was an ancient Roman symbol of authority
How did the worldwide mercantile system change the face of Europe?
The prosperity such trade generated affected social and political relationships. It necessitated new rules of etiquette and careful diplomacy. It increased disposable income.
Why was the majority of The Night Watch dark?
The varnish aged poorly
How many views are intended to be seen in the Isenheim Altarpiece?
Three
In the Triumph of the Barberini by Pietro da Cortona, the papal tiara and keys announce the accomplishments of ____.
Urban VIII
What are some of the dominant characteristics of the unique personal style of Caravaggio?
Use of light and shadow
____ is a Dutch artist who featured as the subject of his art neat interiors of Dutch middle-class dwellings.
Vermeer
A leading advocate of the Enlightenment in France was which of the following?
Voltaire
What was the political meaning attributed to David's Oath of the Horatii?
Whoever was left standing would win the war. On the Roman side, Horatii brothers were chosen. David's invention of this moment of oath-taking focuses on the idea of a willingness to die for one's country.
The personal tastes of the court of Francis I ran to the elegant, erotic, and unorthodox. Which of the following styles would most appeal to this king and his court?
mannerism
The influence of ____ is evident in Rubens's heroic figures and foreshortened anatomy in his Elevation of the Cross.
michelangelo
In Dürer's print of the Fall of Man, the idealization of Adam and Eve is tempered by the ____ of the background.
naturalism
In the absence of a contrived pose, Vigée-Lebrun's Self-Portrait characterized the new ____ in art.
naturalistic impulse
The Oath of the Horatii is a ___ painting.
neoclassical
To create the illusion of Heaven opening up in the Glorification of Saint Ignatius, Fra Andrea Pozzo ____.
painted the church's actual architecture into the vault so the roof seems to be lifting off.
In Pieter Aertsen's Butcher's Stall, the ____ is associated with a degenerate life.
people eating and carousing
Vanitas
portraying death or the passage of time
In Pilgrimage to Cythera, by Watteau, the elegant and sweet ____ are hallmarks of the artist's style.
poses of the figures
In London at the age of 25, Christopher Wren was appointed to which of the following positions?
professor of astronomy
The simulation of easel painting for ceiling design is termed ____.
quadro riportato
Rococo can be characterized as ____.
rich people doing rich people things
genre scenes
scenes of everyday life
A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrey teaches the viewer that _____.
science and learning are important
