AHDI English Review
Clause
A group of words containing a subject and a predicate and used as part of the sentence.
Phrase
A group of words not containing verb and it's subject.
What verb form should be used with the collective noun "a number"?
A number is general and plural and requires a plural verb.
Gerund Phrase
A phrase consisting of a gerund and any complements or modifiers.
Infinitive Phrase
A phrase consisting of an infinitive and including its modifiers and compliments
Infinitive
A verb form, usually preceded by "to," that is used as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
What is the basic rule of subject verb agreement?
A verb must agree with its subject in number and person.
What is true about parentheses and enumerated items within a sentence?
Use parentheses to enumerate items within a sentence separating the enumerated items by commas or semicolons. Such as (1) chronic silicosis, (2) status post thoracotomy, and (3) arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
How are periods to be used in a list?
Use periods after numbers or letters unless those numbers/letters are enclosed in parentheses.
How should business names be treated?
Use the full name before the abbreviated form unless the abbreviated form is better known such as IBM.
What pronoun should be used when the antecedent uses both a singular and a plural pronoun?
Use the pronoun that agrees with nearest subject.
When do medications require a plural verb?
When medications are dictated together and joined by "and" it requires a plural verb.
When do medications require a singular verb?
When medications are joined by "plus" or "with" it requires a singular verb.
Independent Clause
When removed from its sentence makes complete sense and can stand alone.
When should a plural pronoun be used?
When the antecedent is a compound expression.
When should a quoted material not be capitalized?
When the first word of quoted material represents a phrase or subordinate clause.
When should credentials be capitalized?
When the follow a personal name.
What is true about a full date that occurs in mid-sentence?
When the full date occurs in mid-sentence use a comma to separate the year from the rest of the sentence.
When should geographical names use a plural verb?
When the geographical name is being referred to collectively.
When should geographical names use a singular verb?
When the geographical name refers to only one thing.
When should you capitalize a medicinal herb name?
When the herb is expressed as a genus/species combo capitalize the genus only such as Zingiber officianale (ginger)
When should you not capitalize the first word after parentheses or dash?
When the information within the parentheses or dash represents a word phrase, or subordinate clause.
When else should the first word after a colon be capitalized?
When the material after the colon consists of two or more sentences and when the material preceding the colon is Note, caution, or wanted.
When is he possessive form preferred in eponym usage?
When the noun following it is omitted possessive form is preferred such as "caring for a parent with Alzheimer's"
When should singular verbs be used for nouns ending in "ics"?
When the noun refers to a body of knowledge or a course of study.
When should plural verbs be used for nouns ending in "ics"?
When the noun refers to qualities or activities.
When is the only instance where numbers should be spelled out in healthcare documentation?
When the number occurs at the beginning of a sentence that cannot be recast.
When should official titles not be capitalized?
When the official title follows a personal name or are used in its place.
What are the two times an exclamation point can be used in the health record?
When the physician dictates exclamation point or a direct quote.
When should you not capitalize references report headings?
When the physician is not referencing a specific section but using it as a general reference such as Her past medical history includes an allergy.
What is true about Inverted Sentence Verb Usage where the subject follows the verb?
When the subject is singular use is and when the subject is plural use are.
When should a plural verb be used for subjects of time, amounts of money, or quantity?
When the subject represents the individual units a plural verb should be used.
When should a singular verb be used for subjects of time, amounts of money, or quantity?
When the subject represents the total amount a singular verb should be used.
When should you capitalize the first word of a dash or parentheses?
When the word is a proper noun or other word that is automatically capitalized.
When should you not capitalize commas?
When the word is an appositive set off by commas.
When should the words from acronyms or initialism be capitalized?
When the words from the acronym is an official name, title, or proper noun as in New York Heart Association (NYHA)
When should the words from acronyms or initialism not be capitalized?
When the words from the acronym is not an official name, title, or proper noun as in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
When should compass points not be capitalized?
When they are expressed as a general direction or location: travel west, east side, easterly winds.
When should common nouns like housekeeping, radiology, anesthesia, be capitalized?
When they are functioning in the sentence as an organizational entity.
When should organizational terms be capitalized?
When they are part of the formal name or a federal government agency name.
When should the names of seasons be capitalized?
When they are personified: I have always found Winter to be an unwelcome friend.
When should family titles not be capitalized?
When they are preceded by a possessive pronoun like her or his or the article the.
When should you capitalize titles?
When they precede personal names such as personal, executive, professional, civic, military, and religious.
How should case studies, protocols, and clinical trials be treated?
When used in acronym form use all capitals but refer to reputable resource to verify the name as in EPISTENT or Evaluation of Platet IIb/IIa Inhibitor for Stenting.
When should the genus name not be capitalized?
When used in plural, vernacular, adjectival, or stand alone form.
What is the nominative form of who and whoever?
Who and whoever.
What is the objective forms of who and whoever?
Whom and whomever.
What is the possessive forms of who and whoever?
Whose and whosoever.
Should you capitalize academic degrees?
Academic degrees used in general description should not be capitalized.
What eponyms do not use apostrophe s?
Apgar score, Babinski sign, Down syndrome, Gram stain, Hodgkin disease, Alzheimer disease, and Lou Gehrig disease do not use apostrophe s.
What two commonly used words are both plural and singular?
Ascites and herpes are both singular and plural.
What are common combined words that not require hyphenation?
Attorney at law, chief of staff, life span, air bag, paper clip, homeowner, workstation, crossroad, and school board.
What are common hyphenated compound verbs?
Baby-sit, double-space, test-drive, second-guess.
When are common geographical names capitalized?
Because of general association with that place such as the Big Apple (New York) or the Hill (Capitol Hill)
What is true about quotations and independent clauses?
Begin a complete quotation with a capital letter if the quote is an independent clause such as "Specimen is consistent with microadenoma"
What are examples of hyphenated compound nouns and verbs?
Beta-blocker, father-in-law, half-life, free-fall, And money-maker.
How are abbreviations made plural?
Bldg. would be bldgs.
What is true about addresses in correspondence?
Block style should be used for assesses in correspondence.
How should hyphenated compounds read as a unit be treated?
Both parts should be capitalized when used in headings, titles, etc. as in Drug-Resistant Bacteria or B-Cell Lymphoma.
Which indefinite pronouns are always plural?
Both, Few, Many, Others, And Several.
How are brackets used?
Brackets maybe used around a parenthetical insertion or within a parenthetical insertion.
How are double-digit or more numbers pluralized?
By adding an s as in "1900s" or "Diastolic pressures were in the 110s" or "She is in her 20s".
How are single letters made plural?
By adding apostrophe plus s as in "Flipped T's" "Inverted Q's" and "three A's and two B's"
Subordinate Clause
Cannot stand alone as a sentence are used as nouns or modifiers in the same way as single words or phrases.
Should the adjective form of geographic destinations be capitalized?
Capitalize adjective forms derive from proper nouns.
Should proper nouns be capitalized?
Capitalize all proper nouns or official names of a person, place, or thing.
How should titles of publications and articles be handled?
Capitalize all words in literary and artistic titles except articles, short conjunctions, and prepositions.
Should brand names be capitalized?
Capitalize brand names, trade names, and trademark names.
How should computer commands be treated?
Capitalize computer commands, functions, and features, such Back button, Search, or Saved Items folder.
How should lists and outlines be handled?
Capitalize each item in a list or outline even if its single words, phrases, or clauses.
How should references report headings be treated?
Capitalize each word in the heading to delineate the reference as a proper heading as in Past Medical History.
Should eponyms be capitalized?
Capitalize eponyms or words names after a person.
How should historical events, awards, medals, honors, titles of acts, laws, bills, and treaties be treated?
Capitalize historical events, awards, medals, honors, titles of acts, laws, bills, and treaties such as Revolutionary War, Nobel Peace Prize, or Americans with Disabilities Act
What types of geographic locations should be capitalized?
Capitalize names of places, countries, cities, towns, counties, continents, islands, streets, buildings, parks, airports, peninsulas, bodies of water, monuments, forests, canyons, dams, mountains, and regions.
When should compass points be capitalized?
Capitalize north, south, east, and west when they identify a specific region or a part of a proper name such as Southern hospitality.
How should a hyphenated word at the beginning of a sentence be capitalized?
Capitalize only the first element of a hyphenated word at the beginning of a sentence such as Ex-President Gerald Ford was featured.
When should business entity be capitalized?
Capitalize the abbreviated forms of company, corporation, incorporated, and limited when the business uses it in formal title.
Should times, seasons, and holidays be capitalized?
Capitalize the days, months, holidays, and religious days such as Tuesday, March, Christmas, or Good Friday.
When should capitalize the first word after a colon?
Capitalize the first word after a colon when it is a proper noun or to emphasize a formal rule or instruction.
When should first words be capitalized?
Capitalize the first word of every sentence, and independent question, a quoted complete sentence or independent clause.
When should you capitalize sociocultural designations?
Capitalize the names of races, languages, nationalities, ethnicities, tribes, political parties, religions, and religious denominations.
How should idiosyncratic or mixed capitalized chemotherapy be transcribed?
Chemotherapy protocols should be transcribed exactly as the capitalized portions represent specific protocol components.
Should common geographical names be capitalized?
Common geographical names should not be capitalized such as oceans, rivers, streets.
What is true about compound modifiers?
Compound modifiers should be formed by at least one complete word.
What is true about compounds used as adjectives?
Compounds that function as adjectives should be hyphenated when they are used as nouns you drop the hyphenation.
What should a transcriptionist do if a brand name uses mixed capitalization such as NyQuil or Nyquil?
Defer to facility preference as both are accepted.
What is diction?
Diction refers to word choice, whose determination is dependent on meaning in the sentence.
Should you continue to hyphenate compound modifiers that occur elsewhere in the sentence if they continue to function as modifying compounds?
Do hyphenate compound modifiers that continue to function as compound modifiers such as good-nature, soft-spoken, bone-biting, panic-stricken, long-term, or part-time.
Should you capitalize the designation of a race?
Do not capitalize a race designation such as single white female.
Should you capitalize medicinal herbs used in alternative medicine?
Do not capitalize capitalize medicinal herbs used in alternative medicine such as ginseng.
Should you capitalize organizational terms such as department, division, or committee?
Do not capitalize common organizational terms such as department, division, or committee, treat them as common nouns.
Should general religious observances be capitalized?
Do not capitalize general religious observances such as baptism or bar mitzvah or seder or communion.
Should illegal or illicit drug names be capitalized?
Do not capitalize illegal or illicit drug names as in marijuana.
Should programs, movements, and concepts be capitalized?
Do not capitalize programs movements, and concepts when used as general reference such as social security check.
Should terms with the suffix -osis or -iasis be capitalized?
Do not capitalize terms formed with -osis or -iasis
Should the adjective form of eponyms be capitalized?
Do not capitalize the adjective or verb forms derived from eponyms.
What is true about quotations that are words, phrases, or a dependent clause?
Do not capitalize the first word of quotes that are words, phrases, or dependent clauses.
How should an article like the be handled in titles?
Do not capitalize the word the when it precedes the title unless it is a part of the title.
What is true about the division of words in the first line of the last line of the paragraph?
Do not divide at the end of the first line or end of the last full line of the paragraph.
What is true about the last word on a page and division?
Do not divide the last word on the page.
What is true about dividing words in two consecutive lines of text?
Do not divide words in more than two consecutive lines of text.
What is true about compound modifiers with the units of measure that are abbreviated metric units?
Do not hyphenate a compound modifier with units of measure's that are abbreviated metric units. Such as 3 cm incision or 5 mg dosage or 5 x 3 x 2 cm mass.
What is true about foreign expressions is in compound adjectives and hyphens?
Do not hyphenate foreign expressions used in compound adjectives even when they receive the noun they modify such as in vitro experiments.
Should a modifier be hyphenated if the letter or number is the second element?
Do not hyphenate modifiers in which a letter or number is the second element. Such as grade A eggs, study 1 protocol, or type 1 diabetes mellitus.
What is true about compound expressions when they occur elsewhere in the sentence and no longer function in an adjectival role?
Do not hyphenate these kind of been expressions when they occur elsewhere in the sentence if they no longer function in an adjectival role.
What is the one exception about enumerated lists?
Do not include a period of the list represents people's names such as physicians, surgeons, specialists.
Should commas be used between words expressing a number.
Do not place commas between words expressing a number.
Should a comma be used for introductory adverbs that answer the questions when, how often, where, and why?
Do not use a comma for introductory adverbs that answer the question when, how often, where, and why.
Should a comma be used to separate the state and zip code?
Do not use a comma to separate the state and zip code.
Should a comma be used to separate two or more units of measure whose units are the same dimension?
Do not use a comma to separate two or more units of measure of the same dimension (weight, volume, time)
Should a comma be used if only the month and year are given?
Do not use a comma when only the month and year are given.
What is true about hyphens and compound verbs that are formed with a preposition?
Do not use a hyphen and compound verbs are forms with prepositions such as up, in, or down. Such as make up, slow down, follow up.
What is true about compound modifiers that are preceded by an adverb?
Do not use a hyphen if a compound modifier is preceded by an ad verb.
What is true about compound modifiers that end in -ly?
Do not use a hyphen in a compound modifier ending -ly.
Should a question mark be used when the physician dictates "question of" or "questionable"?
Do not use a question mark be used when the physician dictates "question of" or "questionable.
Should a single quotation mark or a double quotation mark be used to indicate feet and inches in dimensional expressions?
Do not use a single or double quotation mark to represent feet and inches in dimensional expressions use the English unit spelled out in full; as in the patient is 5 feet 10 inches tall.
What is true about suspensive hyphens and unhyphenated prefix compounds?
Do not use a suspensive hyphen with unhyphenated prefix compounds. Correct is preoperative and postoperative. Incorrect is pre- and postoperative.
Should a virgule be used if a fraction is expressed in words?
Do not use a virgule if a fraction is expressed in words. Use a hyphen instead such as one-half or four-fifths or two-thirds.
What is true about virgules and a prepositional phrase between two units of measure?
Do not use a virgule if a prepositional phrase is between two units of measure. For example 81 mg of aspirin.
Should a virgule be used for two different numeric units of measure or if both elements are numeric and don't represent a unit of measure.
Do not use a virgule in these instances use per instead. Such as 250 per 50 b.i.d. Or 200 mg per 10 mL.
What is true about virgules and nonmetric units of measure?
Do not use a virgule with nonmetric units of measure, spell out the word per.
What is true about virgules and a range combined with "over" or "out of"?
Do not use a virgule with ranges that use the terms "over" or "out of" spell it out. Such as "4 to 4+ over 5" or "5 to 6 out of 10"
What is true about hyphens in proper nouns in common nouns?
Do not use a-in combination of a proper noun in common noun. Such as Bovie cautery hemostasis.
Should a comma be used if a decimal is present?
Do not use commas if decimals are used.
What is true about demographic descriptors?
Do not use commas in a string of descriptors including age, race, and gender - these are treated as a single unit.
Should commas be used to separate Inc. or Ltd. from a business name?
Do not use commas to separate Inc. or Ltd. unless it is known the entity prefers the separating comma.
Should commas be used to separate a persons name in titles such as Jr and Sr or III?
Do not use commas to separate a persons name in titles such as Jr and Sr or III.
Should a comma be used if the items in a simple series are joined by and or or?
Do not use if the items in a simple series are joined by and or or.
Should periods be used with personal and courtesy titles?
Do not use periods with abbreviated person and courtesy titles such as Jr, Ms, III, Dr
Should periods be used with abbreviated units of measure?
Do not use periods with abbreviated units of measure like mg, g, mL,mmHg, or mm/h
Should periods be used with uppercase abbreviations and acronyms?
Do not use periods with uppercase abbreviations and acronyms.
Should a question mark be used for a question that is not a direct quote itself?
Do not use the question mark in the quotation itself but place it at the end of the sentence.
What is true about the hyphens in proper nouns?
Do you not hyphenate proper nouns of more than one word such as South Dakota residents or United Airlines pilot.
What is true about the hyphens and disease-entity modifiers?
Do you not use-as with most disease-entity modifiers.
Use singular verb for compound subjects preceded by:
Each, Every, Many A, Many An.
Which indefinite pronouns are always singular?
Each, either, neither, one, no one, every one, anyone, someone, everyone, anybody, somebody, and everybody.
The verbs agrees with the nearest verb for compound subjects that are singular and plural and preceded by:
Either, Or, Neither, Nor, Not Only, But Also.
Use plural verbs for compound subjects that are plural and preceded by:
Either, Or, Neither, Nor, Not Only, But Also.
Use singular verbs for compound subjects that are singular and preceded by:
Either, Or, Neither, Nor, Not Only, But Also.
Past Participle
Ends in -ed
What is true about hyphens and two large numbers used to express a range?
Express both numbers in their entirety for clarity such as "300 to 450 thousand" or "300,000 to 450,000".
In regards to official titles when should capitalization be retained?
For all high-ranking national officials, state officials, foreign dignitaries, and international figures.
Should student years be capitalized?
Freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior should not be capitalized, capitalize the word grade when a number follows it not when the number precedes it.
What is future perfect tense?
Future perfect tense is used to express action which will be completed in the future before some other future action or event.
What is future tense?
Future tense is used to express action occurring at some time in the future.
Should general legal terms be capitalized?
General legal terms should not be capitalized unless it's a formal name of the law or document reference.
Should general occupational titles be capitalized?
General occupational titles should not be capitalized such as "author" or "surgeon".
Should generic names be capitalized?
Generic names should not be capitalized.
What pronoun should be used if the gender of the antecedent is unknown?
His or Her, Their, Add "The"
What is the most common tense used in dictation?
Historic present tense.
What is true about compound numbers and hyphenation?
Hyphenate all, Bill numbers between 21 and 99 with the standalone or part of a number over 100 for example twenty-one or forty-three million.
What is true about compound modifiers when they proceed and modify a noun or pronoun?
Hyphenate or compound modifiers when the preceding verify a noun or pronoun such as fast-acting medication or scholarly-looking patient.
What are the nominative pronouns?
I, You, he, she, It, we, and they.
When should a singular verb be used?
If the compound subject refers to the same person or thing.
When should a singular verb be used with a collective noun?
If the group is deemed to be acting as a unit.
When should you not capitalize the first word after a colon?
If the material is subordinate and cannot stand alone as a sentence.
When should a plural verb be used with a collective noun?
If the members of the group are deemed to be acting individually.
When do organizational names require a singular verb?
If the organization is deemed to be acting as a unit.
When do organizational names require a plural verb?
If the organization is deemed to be acting individually.
What are the objective pronouns?
Me, you, him, her, it, is, you, and them.
What words sound plural but are actually singular?
Measles, mumps, mathematics, and genetics.
Which unusual nouns require singular verbs?
News, Measles, Lens, Ascites, Lues, Pons, Facies.
What are the three different forms of who and whoever?
Nominative form, objective form, and possessive form.
What are non-essential expressions?
Non-essential expressions are words, phrases, and clauses that are not necessary for grammatical correctness or structure if a sentence.
In a direct address how should official titles be used?
Official titles should be capitalized in a direct address.
How should hyphenated compounds in headings titles, subtitles, or tables be treated?
Only capitalize the first part of the compound do not capitalize the second part such as Long-term Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
What elements of a hyphenated word should be capitalized?
Only those elements that are proper nouns or proper adjectives such as about ex-President Gerald Ford.
What are the 3 times a hyphen should be used after a common prefix?
Only use a hyphen when the prefix is preceded by a proper noun, capitalized word, or an abbreviation.
What is past perfect tense?
Past perfect tense is used to express action completed in the past before some other past action.
What is past tense?
Past tense is used to express action that occurred in the past but did not continue into the present.
Are periods needed in a list that does not represent completeness of the introductory statement?
Periods are not needed at the end of each of item in a list that does not represent a grammatical connection to the introductory statement.
Should personified nouns be capitalized?
Personified nouns should be capitalized in a sentence.
Participal Phrase
Phrase containing a participle and any complements or modifiers
What is true about intervening phrases and clauses?
Phrases beginning with along with, together with, and not, as well as, in addition to,accompanied by, plus, besides, including, except, rather than, and not even do not change subject verb agreement.
What is the function of parentheses, braces, and brackets?
The function of parentheses, braces, and brackets are to set off a parenthetical expressions that are supplemental but not essential to the sentence.
What is the fundamental role of capitalization?
The fundamental role of capitalization is to give distinction, importance, or emphasis to words.
What is the imperative mood?
The imperative mood makes requests or demands.
What is true about exclamation points and question marks in regards to quotations?
The inclusion of exclamation points or question marks within the quoted material is dependent on meaning. Is the material inside the quotation represent the exclamation or question or the entire sentence. Such as She greeted me with "What's up?" Or Did she just say "help me"?
What is the indicative mood?
The indicative mood makes factual statements.
What verb form should be used with the collective noun "the number"?
The number is specific and requires a singular verb.
What is the passive voice?
The passive voice expresses action performed upon its subject.
What voice is common in hospital treatment, surgery, and healthcare provider actions?
The passive voice is most common in hospital treatment surgery, and healthcare provider actions.
What is the primary function of the colon and punctuation?
The primary function of the colon and punctuation is to introduce the list, series, or enumeration.
What is the primary role of hyphens in general language?
The primary role of hyphens in general language is for word division and in compound expressions.
Simple Predicate
The principal word or group of words in the predicate.
What is the only punctuation mark that falls outside of quotation marks?
The semicolon is the only punctuation that falls outside of quotations. Such as "no allergies"; however, But is better to use a terminal period. Such as "no allergies." However,
What is the subjunctive mood?
The subjunctive mood expresses doubt, wishes, regrets, or conditions contrary to the fact. Applies to forms of were or be.
What should a transcriptionist do after a list?
The transcriptionist should begin a new paragraph or express the list in paragraph form.
What is the trend in using virgules with dates?
The trend is to reflect an 8-digit date such as (MM/DD/YYYY).
What is true about exclamation points in health records?
The use of exclamation points in health records is extremely rare.
What is true about a compound subject that has both a negative and positive component?
The verb should agree with the positive subject.
What are alternate terms that also mean virgule or forward slash?
The virgule is also known as diagonal, slant line, slash, or solidus.
What is true about the words "which" and "that"?
The word "that" most often introduces essential clauses, and the word "which" most often introduces nonessential clauses.
Verbal phrases
Their phrases containing verb forms of function as other parts of speech weather now an editor or adverb including participle phrases gErund phrases infinitive phrases.
What is true about dividing syllables of a word that does not fully carried to the next line?
There must be a syllable of three characters in the first line and a syllable of at least three characters on the next line in order to be compliant.
What is also true about demographic descriptors?
They are most often seen in the opening statements of the history and/or physical examination.
What is true about parentheses, brackets, and braces?
They are rarely used in transcription and should only be included in those instances where it's been directed to do so by the dictator.
Interrogative Sentence
This sentence that ask a question.
How is time expressed by a verb?
Time is expressed by a verbs tense which include past, present, and future.
How should articles in references be transcribed?
Titles of articles take initial capitalization when used in a reference or citation.
What is the function of punctuation marks?
To make language more easily read and understood.
How else can periods be used in a list.
To mark the completeness of the grammatical statement introducing the list.
What is period used for?
To mark the end of a sentence or command.
What is true about a semicolonand two independent clauses?
Use a semicolon to separate independent clauses.
What is true about a semicolon and a complex series?
Use a semicolon to separate items in a complex series where at least one of the items in the series contains internal commas.
What is true about a semicolon into independent clauses linked by transition expression?
Use a semicolon to separate two independent clause link for transitional express in such as for example, namely, or that is.
What is true about hyphens and compounds with the same last word base?
Use a suspension hyphen for two or more hyphenate compounds with the same last word such as 10- to 12-year history or 3- to 4-inch incision, or 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-trimester symptoms.
What is true about virgules and the combination of metric and nonmetric units?
Use a virgule for expressions of metric and nonmetric units. Such as 10 mcg/min.
What is true about virgules and fractions?
Use a virgule to separate the numerator from the denominator in fractions.
What is true about hyphens and two adjectives that are equal complementary or contrasting when they modify an noun?
Use a-to join two adjectives that are equal complementary or contrasting when they proceed and now they modify such as anterior-posterior infarction.
What is also true about how brackets are used the medical documentation?
Use brackets to express chemical concentration when concentrations expressed as a percentage is use the % rather than the spelled out form and do not use brackets. Such as [HCO3-] or 15% HNO3
Should a comma be used in laboratory tests and panels?
Use commas to separate values of a single panel or test.
What is true about appositives and commas?
Use commas to set off an appositive or expression that provides additional non-essential information about a noun or pronoun that immediately precedes it.
What is true about commas and interrupting elements?
Use commas to set off words, phrases, and clauses That interrupt the flow of the sentence.
What is true about commas and afterthoughts?
Use commas to set off words, phrases, and clauses that are loosely add it to the end of a sentence or that is an afterthought.
What is true about hyphens and serial numbers?
Use hyphens in the expression of serial numbers such as medical record numbers or Social Security numbers.
What should be used to avoid clutter and confusion regarding a series?
Use parentheses and dashed to set off a series that describes what preceded it.
What is true about expressing chemical formulas?
Use parentheses for inter-most units, adding brackets, and then braces if necessary. Such as hydroxychloroquine sulfate: 7-chloro-4-{4-[ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1-methylbutylamino}-quinolone sulfate
Compound Verb
consists of two or more verbs that are joined by a conjunction and that have the same subject
Present Participle
ends in -ing
Direct Object
receives the action of the verb
Simple Subject
the main word or word group that tells whom or what the sentence is about
Prepositional Phrase
A group of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun.
What is a collective noun?
A collective noun represents a group of persons, animals, things expressed in singular form.
What is a common-gender noun?
A common-gender noun applies to both males and females.
What are the elements of a compound modifier a compound adjective?
A compound modifier, or a compound adjective, consist of two or more words that function as a unit and jointly modify a noun or pronoun.
What does the suffix -osis and -iasis indicate?
A disease caused by a particular class of infectious agents or types of infection.
Predicate Nominative (PN)
A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames the subject.
What is true about pronoun and antecedent agreement?
A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number, gender, and person.
What is the objective case?
A pronoun that acts as the object is in the objective case.
What is the nominative case?
A pronoun that acts as the subject is in the nominative case.
Compound-Complex Sentence
A sentence that contains two or more independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause.
Declarative Sentence
A sentence that makes a statement.
Imperative Sentence
A sentence that requests or commands.
Simple Sentence
A sentence with one independent clause and no subordinate clauses.
What is a separating comma?
A single comma that serves as a divider between two elements: digits, words, phrases, and clauses.
Adjective Clause
A subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun
What are the two types of voice a verb can have?
A verb can have an active or a passive voice.
Gerund
A verb form ending in -ing that is used as a noun
Participle
A verb form that can be used as an adjective
How is a virgule used to express the word over?
A virgule can be used to express the word over such as "blood pressure is 160/100" or a grade 1/4 murmur heard over the left sternal border.
What is a virgule?
A virgule is a forward slash.
Preposition
A word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word
How are compound nouns made plural?
Add -s as in Birthdays, Backpacks, and Doghouses.
What commonly used words are always plural?
Adnexa and genitalia are always plural in usage.
Which unusual nouns require plural verbs?
Adnexa, Assets, Credentials, Dues, Odds, Premises, Fauces.
What is true about enumerated lists in clinical documentation?
All enumerated lists in clinical documentation should include terminal periods at the end of each entry.
Which indefinite pronouns are always singular or plural?
All, None, Any, Some, More, And Most.
When should organisms be capitalized?
Always capitalize genus names and their abbreviated form when accompanied by a species name. Escherichia coli, E coli
What is true about clarity of communication and numbers?
Always choose the simplest form such as fifteen hundred not one thousand five hundred.
What is true about hyphens and compound nouns that use the word ex-?
Always use a hyphen for compound nouns such as ex-wife or ex-president.
What is true about fractional numbers and hyphens?
Always use hyphens to express fractional numbers that are combined with whole numbers. Such as 2-1/2 inches or 3-3/4 hours or two-thirds majority.
Predicate Adjective
An adjective complement that refers to the same person or thing as the subject of the verb.
What Is an Antecedent?
An antecedent is a person or thing to whom the pronoun refers.
What is in appositive?
An appositive is a word that follows a noun and explains or identifies that noun.
When does an incomplete construction occur?
An incomplete construction occurs after the words than and as.
When should a plural verb be used?
If the subject is plural consisting of two or more words and joined by the word "and".
What is the preference regarding terms and phrases like his or her?
In these instances the preference is to recast a sentence using the plural form "their" to avoid sexist language.
Should a comma be used for a complex sentence with a compound verb?
In those instances a comma should not precede your conjunction.
What is true about tense in transcription?
In transcription tense may vary within a single report or even within a single paragraph depending on the time being referenced.
What is true about indefinite pronoun antecedents?
Indefinite pronoun antecedents use a singular form.
What is true about numbers published in clinical data in periodicals, abstracts, and scientific journals?
It is customary to use a Thing space to indicate place values beyond thousands.
What is true about commas and the transitional expression however?
It is important to know whether "however" is used as an introductory interrupting or terminating elements within the sentence.
What is the preference if only the month and day are given but the year is known?
It is preferable for the transcriptionist to add the year.
What is true about dates expressed in the text?
It is preferable to spell out dates in full writing out the name of the month. If dates are used repeatedly virgules can be used for visual clarity.
What is historic present tense?
It uses the present tense to relate past events in a more immediate manner.
What are personified nouns?
Places or things that are assigned the qualities, actions, or characteristics of a person.
What is present perfect tense?
Present perfect tense is used to express action occurring at no definite time in the past.
What are the 3 ways that present tense can be expressed?
Present tense can be expressed as general action, progressive action, and emphatic action.
What can punctuation also serve to convey?
Punctuation can serve to convey tone as in the use of question marks and exclamation points to provide emphasis.
Where do punctuation marks fall in regards to quotations?
Punctuation malarkey typically fall inside the closing quotation marks.
What is true about punctuation within the parenthetical expression?
Punctuation should not be included within the parenthetical expression and list expression requires it. Such as (atenolol, enalapril, and HCTZ)
What is true about punctuation and a parenthetical expression?
Punctuation should not proceed or follow the parenthetical expression unless the sentence requires it.
What are the 3 types of terminal punctuation?
Question mark, period, and exclamation point.
What is the function of quotations in clinical documentation?
Quotation marks are used to capture a direct statement or comment from the patient.
How should programming languages and operating systems be treated?
Refer to a reputable source for programming languages and operating systems that use all capitals such as FORTRAN and MS-DOS.
How should software applications be treated?
Refer to a reputable source for software that requires a capital letter at the beginning of each element such as PowerPoint, WordPerfect, or PageMaker.
What should a transcriptionist do of unsure of the correct word in a given setting?
Refer to reputable dictionaries and industry resource to be sure the word or phrase captured is appropriate to the context.
What are four types of compound adjectives?
Second-floor window, high-density mass, floor-length gown, eye-catching display
Compound Sentence
Sentence composed of two or more independent clauses but no subordinate clauses.
Complex Sentence
Sentence that contains one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause.
Which unusual nouns take singular or plural verbs depending on their meaning?
Series, Species, Means, Gross, Corps, Biceps, Forceps, Scissors, Sheep, Deer, Moose
How are single digit numbers pluralized?
Single digit numbers are pluralized by adding and apostrophe s as in "She scores four 5's on the test."
Predicate
Tells something about the subject
Indirect Object
Tells to whom, for whom the action of the verb is done. Ex. "Claire threw JOSEPH the ball"
What is terminal punctuation?
Terminal punctuation refers to punctuation marks that terminate an independent clause or sentence.
Subject
That part about which something is being said.
What is the active voice?
The active voice expresses action performed by its subject.
What voice is common in H&P Reports?
The active voice is most common in H&P Reports.
What is true about commas in 4-digit numbers?
The comma in 4-digit numbers may be omitted.
What is true about a closing quotation that has the remainder of the sentence that follow?
The comma should fall inside the closing quotation marks when the remainder of the sentence follows the quotation.
What is true about provider diagnosis uncertainty?
Use a question mark in the area indicated whether before or after the sentence.
What are two examples of prefix hyphenated compound modifiers?
Two examples of prefix hyphenated compound modifiers are "non-disease-entity modifier" and "non-insulin-dependent modifier".
What organization creates the generic names for a drug?
US Adopted Names Council (USAN)
What verb form do units of measure generally take?
Units of measure are collective singular nouns and take singular verbs.
What is universal present tense?
Universal present tense uses the present tense to state something that is universally true or that was believed to be true at the time.
What are other examples of compound modifiers?
Up-to-date history, cause-and-effect relationship, off-the-record comment, well-developed female, or random-access memory.
What is true about colons and expressions for example, namely, and that is?
Use a colon before expressions such as for example, namely, and that is when he introduced words, phrases or a series of classes.
What is the true about the use of a colon and anticipatory expressions?
Use a colon for anticipatory express in such as the following, as follows, thoughts, and these.
What is true about colons and the expression of a ratio?
Use a colon in the place of the word "to" in the expression of ratio. Do not use a virgule, dash, hyphen, or other Mark for this purpose.
What is true about the colon and standard expressions of time?
Use a colon to express regular time; do not use a colon and expressed in military time.
What is true about colons and titles and subtitles?
Use a colon to separate a title and subtitle of an article for publication.
What is true about commas in transitional expressions,?
Use a comma or commas to set up transitional expressions such as however therefore on the other hand or subsequently etc.
Should a comma be used to separate adjacent unrelated numbers?
Use a comma to separate adjacent unrelated numbers if neither can be expressed in words.
What is true about commas and dates?
Use a comma to separate the day of the month from the year when the full date is expressed.
What is true about hyphens and unhyphenated word meanings?
Use a hyphen after a prefix if the unhyphenated word would have a different meaning such as re-creation and recreation or re-treat and retreat.
What is true about hyphens and respective a vowels or three consonants?
Use a hyphen after a prefix or before a suffix if there are repetitive vowels or three of the same consonant. Words such as anti-inflammatory, bell-like, and de-emphasize.
What is true about hyphens and ranges?
Use a hyphen in range expressions such as 1-4 p.m. or 150-180 range or 8-12 wbcs per high-power field.
What is true about single number, Symbol, or letter compounds?
Use a hyphen in the adjectival form but not in the noun form. Such as B-complex vitamins or J curve.
What is true about hyphens and the expression of a ratio?
Use a hyphen instead of a colon when expressing a ratio that uses words or letters instead of values.
What is true about hyphens and compound modifiers?
Use a hyphen to clarify meaning and avoid confusion in compound modifiers.
What is true about compound modifiers between a number in a word in hyphens?
Use a hyphen to form a compound modifier between a number and a word such as 2-inch laceration or 2-year-old female or 3-week history or 8-pound 5-ounce baby girl.
What is true about hyphens and nouns?
Use a hyphen to join two nouns that are equal, complementary, or contrasting such as blood-brain disorder and fracture-dislocation.
What is true about two or more eponymic names used as a multiple-word modifier?
Use a hyphen with two more eponymic names used as multiple-word modifier of diseases operations procedures or instruments such as Osgood-Schlatter disease.
What is true about virgules and visual acuity?
Use virgules to express visual acuity with Arabic numerals separated by a virgule. Such as Visual Acuity is 20/200, corrected to 20/40.
What is true about colons and volume numbers and page numbers in footnotes?
User: separate value number and page number in footnotes, end notes, and cited sources.
What are the 3 moods a verb can be?
Verbs can be indicative, imperative, or subjunctive.
What do verbs express?
Verbs express action or being.
What are 3 things that verbs have?
Verbs have tense, mood, and voice.
Foreign plural nouns require plural endings?
Vertebrae, Diverticula etc.
What are other ways that virgules can be used in clinical documentation?
Virgules Can be used when the word "and", or the word "or" is implied in the expression.
How are virgules used in clinical documentation?
Virgules are used to express equivalence of two terms that have equal weight.
Can virgules be used with units of measure?
Virgules can be used to express the word "per" or "over"when there is a metric unit of measure and a specific numeric quantity. Such as 200/mcL or 70 mL/kg or 14 g/dL.
What is true about virgules and dates?
Virgules can be used to separate numerals representing the month, day, and year. This form can be used for date of service, operation, admission, or discharge.
When should singular or plural pronouns be used for compound antecedents joined by "or" or "nor"?
When both antecedents are singular use singular pronoun and when both antecedents are plural use a plural pronoun.
When should singular verbs be used for the noun data?
When data is used to refer to information in the collective sense.
When should plural verbs be used for the noun data?
When data refers to distinct bits of information.
When should family titles be capitalized?
When followed by a personal name and when they stand alone.
When should academic degrees be capitalized?
When it follows a personal name.
When Should programs, movements, and concepts be capitalized?
When it is part of a proper name: Civil Rights Act, Libertarian Party, Social Security Administration.
When should city be capitalized?
When it is part of the name of the city or the city nickname as in the Windy City (Chicago)
Can a comma be used to separate two parts of an independent clause to indicate a word or phrase was meaning is implied?
Yes a comma can be used to indicate a word or phrase whose meaning implied between two independent clauses.
Should commas be used in a simple series?
Yes use a comma in a simple series.
Should a comma be used to separate a city and state, city and country, or state and country?
Yes use a comma to separate a city and state, city and country, or state and country.
Should a comma be used to express a complete address from the secondary address as part of a sentence?
Yes use a comma to separate address from the secondary address information suite, apartment number, or city, state and zip code.
Should a comma be used to separate direct dialogue from the rest of the sentence m?
Yes use a comma to separate direct dialogue from the rest of the sentence.
Should a comma be used to separate introductory elements?
Yes use a comma to separate introductory words, phrases, and clauses.
Should a comma be used to separate chromosome number and sex chromosome in genetic expression?
Yes use a comma to separate the chromosome number and sex chromosome in genetic expression and place the comma without spacing between these numbers.
Should a comma be used to separate the zip code from the remainder of the sentence?
Yes use a comma to separate the zip code from the remainder of the sentence that follows it.
Should a period be used at the end of an indirect question?
Yes use a period at the end of an indirect question.
Should periods be used with abbreviations and acronyms?
Yes use periods with lowercased abbreviations and acronyms whether English or Latin.
Should a comma be used to separate groups of three numerals in number is a five digits are more?
Yes, use a comma to separate groups of three numerals a number is a five digit some more.
Should a comma be used to separate two independent clauses?
Yes, use a comma to separate two independent clauses that are joined by a conjunction.
Should a comma be used to separate two or more adjectives?
Yes, use a comma to separate two or more adjectives.
Should commas be included if a general adjective is added to a descriptor?
Yes, use commas for general adjectives used in descriptor.
How do you make the plural form for a word that has a consonant before the last letter "y"?
You add -ies as in copy to copies, Family to families, and party turns to parties.
How do you make the plural form for a word that has a vowel before the last letter "y"?
You add -s as in delay to delays, pray to prays, and key to keys.
What is true about prefixes and suffixes and hyphens?
You want to divide up the prefix or suffix points rather than in the root.
Elliptical Clause
a clause in which some words have been left out.
Exclamatory Sentence
a sentence expressing strong feeling, usually punctuated with an exclamation mark
Adverb Clause
a subordinate clause that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb
Noun Clause
a subordinate clause used as a noun
Compound Subject
two or more subjects joined together usually by "and" or "or" that share a common verb