aice us voacb quiz 3- reconstruction

Ulysses Grant

an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

Carpetbaggers

an insult against northerners who come into the South to participate in southern govt bc the rad repubs didn't want planter aristocracy in control

Morrill Land Grant Act

1862, this encouraged states to use the sale of federal land grants to maintain agricultural and technical colleges

Hiram Revels

1st African American to serve in the U.S. Senate in Mississippi (1870) previously occupied by Jefferson Davis

Blanche Bruce

1st elected African American Senator to serve a full term (1875-1881)

Homestead Act 1866

2nd homestead act trying to give freed blacks land but only 1k out of 4 million got land.

13th Amendment (1865)

abolished slavery in us unless by involuntary servitude for punishment.

Scalawags

aimed to express their opposition to slavery, and to the planter aristocracy by joining local Republican parties

Ku Klux Klan

A racist secret society which used violence and intimidation to restrict the progress made by African Americans.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Allowed racial segregation to continue in the South, "separate but equal"

Force Acts 1870-1 (KKK Act)

Enforces equal protection for African Americans, including those standing for political office, part of Grant's reconstruction plan against the KKK.

Field Order No. 15

Issued Jan 16, 1865 by General Sherman to give land (40 acres and 1 mule, possibly plantations or tribunal land) from South Carolina-Florida for the freed blacks.

Juneteenth

June 19th, the date celebrated as the anniversary of Emancipation Day for the last enslaved people in Texas had been liberated.

HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)

New AA churches in the South aided by Northern churches and $6 million by Freedmen's Bureau

radical republicans . Thaddeus Stevens

Thadeus Stevens, Pennsylvania representative , one leader of congressional reconstruction, viewed this on more of a slavery issue and sought for AA rights much like what all rad reps fought for alongside him.

Sharecropping (debt peonage)

The cycle in which a freedmen borrowed land to grow crops, bought seed and tools under the landowners credit, in return for 1/3, or 2/3 if they owed more, of their crops.

14th amendment 1868

claimed that any person born or naturalized in the US excluding indians is a citizen. officially granted due process and equal protection under the law to all citizens of the US. shows super majority of congress by having 2/3 of the house object to certain acts.

freedman's bureau march 1865

conducted by howard and sherman in the dept of war to provide aid and supplies such as food and shelter for those who were freed from slavery or would be upon states surrender

black codes

control black lives politically and economically being free. they couldnt rent or borrow money to purchase land. they werent allowed many legal rights such as testifying against whites in court.

lincolns plan (10%) 1863

created a way for the south to be readmitted into the union,bring back their og status and power, and abolish slavery. pardon would be given to any confed leader who swore and oath to union and confederacy and also agreed to emancipation.

reconstruction acts 1867/military reconstruction

didnt recognize new southern states created under presidents plan. required division of 5 states w 5 military districts, civilian courts replaced tribunals and martial laws, ratify 14th amendment, and provide a new state government that would give AA males right to vote.

tenure of office act march 1867

forbade the president to remove and federal officeholder appointed by and w the consent of the senate w/out further approval of the senate. it also provided that members of the presidents cabinet could hold office for the full term of the president who appointed them and one month thereafter, subject to removal by the senate. it was canceled in 1887 and in 1926 it was declared unconstitutional.

andrew johnson

from TN who was the only southern congressman, hates aristocracy and believed south seceded unconstitutionally, and he had no personal desire to free blacks. During his office after Lincoln, he vetoed 29 acts of congress.

15th amendment 1870

granted AA males the right not be denied to vote

civil rights act of 1866

informally granted citizenship to AA, entitled them to personal property, and offered some protection against black codes. this led to the 14th amendment being passed our of fear democrats would overturn act if regained power.

congressional/radical reconstruction

led by thaddeus stevens PA representative and charles sumner, MA senator to address the reconstruction era on slavery and claimed that there needed to be radical change so south wouldn't rebel again. also wanted to reorganize the south.

Southern Homestead Act (1862)

promoted settlement in the Great Plains by offering parcels of 160 acres of public land free to any person or family that farmed the land for at least 5 years, must also be a citizen

wade-davis bill

readmin of states when only 50% of citizens had opposed and swore oaths of loyalty to union. only non-confeds were allowed to vote and hold political office. (lincolns pocket veto)

salmon p chase

secretary who at first wanted to replace lincoln in office but ended up becoming chief justice of the supreme court by him and later taking part in the ex parte milligan case of 1866.

reconstruction 1865-1877

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

johnson's plan

used the south planter dominance in government as a way to get the states back into the south by taking away their power.