AIS CH 12

What kinds of business questions would a reinforcement learning algorithm help answer?

What action should I take next?

In supervised learning, the __________ is a known set of values that the neural network seeks to predict.

output

In machine learning, the model learns from __________ cases or data.

training

In reinforcement learning, the model learns by __________ and error.

trial

Deep learning networks have more than __________ non-output layers.

two or 2

Which of the following is NOT true about modern neural networks?

A neural network with more than 100 layers cannot be effectively trained

Artificial neural networks are the ______ of machine learning.

engine

What is a smart contract used in a blockchain network?

- A smart contract defines the terms and business rules to be used in conducting transactions. - A smart contract is written in software code. - A smart contract defines the digital assets that could be transferred in transactions.

Match the key concepts behind Bitcoin versus Ethereum.

- Bitcoin: Anonymous peer-to-peer transactions, no middleman involved. - Bitcoin: Public blockchain - Bitcoin: Validation through proof of work - Bitcoin: Uses fixed business rules - Bitcoin: One block is added to the blockchain every 10 minutes. - Ethereum: Uses smart contracts - Ethereum: One block is added to the blockchain every 12 to 15 seconds. - Ethereum: Uses programmable business rules.

What are the potential impacts of blockchain on accounting and audit practice?

- Blockchain technology increases the possibility of conducting continuous audit. - Auditors will need to review business rules coded in smart contracts.

List the key characteristics of blockchain technology:

- Distributed and decentralized - Consensus - Immutability

Select the correct statements about Ethereum.

- It uses "smart contracts" to code the logic for transactions. - It is a more robust application of blockchain technology to include business rules. - For most companies, Ethereum platform is more useful than Bitcoin to conduct/record different types of transactions.

List the three types of blockchain:

- Public blockchain - Private blockchain - Consortium blockchain

List the key characteristics of blockchain technology:

- distributed and decentralized - consensus - immutability

There are 20 true positive predictions, 12 false positives, 2 false negatives, and 650 true negatives in the confusion matrix. What is the precision ratio?

0.625

There are 20 true positive predictions, 5 false positives, 2 false negatives, and 650 true negatives in the confusion matrix. What is the precision ratio?

0.80

Regression problems seek to _____ real numbers, such as house prices.

?

In an example where the goal is to identify spam email, which of the following best describes the difference between a true positive (TP) and a false negative (FN) in a confusion matrix?

A true positive is a correct classification of a spam email message; a false negative is an incorrect classification of a spam email message

Select a wrong statement about blockchain concepts.

All transactions on a blockchain network must be verified by a central authority.

___________ __________ published a white paper in 2008 to introduced a concept on distributed ledger system which is the foundation of the blockchain technology.

Blank 1: Satoshi Blank 2: Nakamoto

Which of the following is NOT an example of reinforcement learning?

Categorizing email Spam

Which of the following is NOT a reason that the development and implementation of AI applications is exploding.

Data is limited

Which of the following is NOT true about the relationship between AI, machine learning, and deep learning.

Deep learning involves less complexity than machine learning

True or false: A blockchain network is a distributed ledger system and all transactions must be verified by a central authority.

False

True or false: Classification problems seek to minimize the differences between predicted and actual values.

False

True or false: Since blockchains are immutable, auditors do not need to audit blockchain transactions.

False

True or false: Supervised learning is a type of machine learning but it is seldom used in practice.

False

True or false: Blockchain technology is used for Bitcoin (cryptocurrency) only.

False Reason: Blockchain technology is used for many other purposes such as tracking food deliveries or verifying medical records, in addition to using cryptocurrency for transactions.

Which of the following is NOT a technique to train a neural network system?

Incentive-based learning

Which of the following is NOT true about artificial neural networks?

Information moves from the output layer to the input layer

Anomaly detection algorithms address which of the following questions?

Is it different?

Which of the following is true about the AI field of study?

It began in the 1950s.

Select the best statement in describing the concept of miners in blockchain.

Miners are the nodes/machines creating and validating blocks.

You are using the confusion matrix to calculate the ratio of positive classifications to the total values in the dataset. That is which of the following ratios?

Precision

Select the correct statement on the three types of blockchain.

Private blockchain is also called enterprise blockchain.

Which of the following have not yet been implemented in AI applications?

Reacting emotionally

Which of the following are NOT uses of natural language processing and understanding applications?

Recognize faces

What is the original purpose of using a distributed ledger system with the blockchain technology?

To eliminate intermediaries/middlemen in perform transactions

True or false: AI applications are also called cognitive technologies.

True

Machine learning is a subset of __________ intelligence.

artificial

The __________ ratio is the ratio of correct classifications to total values in the dataset.

accuracy

The ___________ ratio is the ratio of correct classifications to total values in the dataset.

accuracy

In unsupervised learning, the model discerns how elements of the dataset are __________ or not.

alike or similar

PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PWC) uses machine learning to replicate the decision making of expert __________ .

auditors

Most machine learning applications are designed to perform either some sort of __________ or regression.

classification or categorization

The success of an artificial neural network can be measures by using a __________ matrix.

confusion

Deloitte uses machine learning to review __________ to identify and extract key terms.

contracts

Machine learning applications improve their ability to analyze patters as they process more __________ .

data

If there are two possible classifications, then the confusion matrix would show __________ cells with the prediction options.

four or 4

Robotic process automation is used to reduce the __________ labor required

human

Natural language processing (NLP) applications communicate using written and spoken __________ .

language

AI is intelligence exhibited by __________ rather than humans.

machines or computers

New approaches to data __________ allow new and dynamic approaches to gathering, classifying, and correlating data.

management

In a machine learning context, a model is a ______ representation of some process.

mathematical

Neural networks are mathematical __________ that convert inputs to outputs/predictions.

models or algorithms

In unsupervised learning, the system uses unstructured data and the system discovers __________ in the data.

patterns

The __________ ratio is the ratio of correct positive predictions to the number of positive predictions.

precision

You are using a confusion matrix to calculate the ratio of correct positive predictions to the total number of positive predictions; that is which of the following ratios?

precision

The AI field has been around for quite a while, but early progress was limited by primitive computers and __________ tools.

programming

The __________ ratio is the ratio of correct positive prediction to the true positive values in the dataset.

recall

You are using a confusion matrix to calculate the ratio of correct positive predictions to the total number of true positive predictions; that is which of the following ratios?

recall

RPA is a tool that can perform high-volume,__________ , tasks such as preparing tax returns or managing accounts payable.

repetitive