alcohol, drugs, &human behavior

There are several routes of administering drugs, and some reach the brain faster than others, which gets to the brain from fastest to slowest?

Inhaling, injecting, mucous, oral

Listed below are three different sequential variation of drugs in the opiate family. Which one accurately represents the order in which the drugs were discovered and used (from left to right, representing oldest to newest drug forms).

Opium, morphine, heroin

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding 12-step programs? 1. 12 step programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous exist only within the United States 2. There are more than 50 major topics (e.g. Narcotics Anonymous, Sex Addicts Anonymous, and Overeaters Anonymous) covered by 12-step groups operating around the world 3. There is no evidence that these programs have been effective in supporting people in recovery their addictions 4. The philosophical basis of 12-step programs focuses on the addictive behavior as a moral weakness

Statement 2 only

Which of the following factors have contributed to the spread of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C? #1. sharing of contaminated needles #2. drug-induced high-risk sexual practices #3. poor hygiene among restaurant workers #4. consistent and regular use of condoms during sex A. factors 1 and 2 only B. factors 3 and 4 only C. factors 1, 2, and 3 only D. factors 1, 2, 3, and 4

ANSWER: A. factors 1 and 2 only PGS. 1.33

In 1937 marijuana became illegal in the United States largely because #1. the chief federal drug regulator wanted a new mission and purpose after alcohol Prohibition was repealed, and he chose marijuana #2. smoking of marijuana by Mexican migrant workers became demonized because the workers were perceived as a social and economic threat #3. scientific researchers found marijuana to be the most addictive and dangerous drug in the United States #4. marijuana was being heavily used by the elderly throughout the United States A. reasons 1 and 2 only B. reasons 2 and 3 only C. reasons 1, 2, and 3 only D. reasons 1, 2, 3, and 4

ANSWER: A. reasons 1 and 2 only. Pgs. 1.25-1.26

Psychiatric medications, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anti-anxiety drugs, are prescribed to A. slow the central nervous system B. speed up the central nervous system C. rebalance irregular brain chemistry D. create hallucinations

ANSWER: C. rebalance irregular brain chemistry. Page 1.4

Which of the following statements most accurately represents the use of plant-based psychoactive substances? A. Plant-based psychoactive drugs are uncommon today and rarely used. B. Today marijuana is the only plant-based psychoactive substance that is still used. C. All plants that yield psychoactive substances are illegal today. D. About 4,000 plants yield psychoactive substances, and the vast majority are not illegal.

ANSWER: D. About 4,000 plants yield psychoactive substances, and the vast majority are not illegal. Pgs. 1.8

The most crucial neurotransmitter involved in behavior addictions, drug use, and drug abuse is

Dopamine

Performance-enhancing drugs function in which of the following ways? 1. increasing endurance 2. increasing muscle size 3. increasing aggression 4. increasing mental focus

Effects 1,2,3

Which of the following describes changes in the brain of a person who is addicted to alcohol or other drugs?

Effects 1,2,3, and 4

Which of the following are examples of environmental factors that can make a person more liable to abuse a psychoactive substance?

Examples 1,3, and 4

Dendritic "spines" grow in the synapse when the nerve is stimulated by sensory input.

False

Limiting the places where tobacco smoking is permitted has not reduced the use of tobacco in the United States or other countries where such policies have been implemented.

False

The most rapidly a psychoactive drug reaches its central nervous system target, the less the reward and the lower the reinforcing effect.

False

Down regulation of brain cell's receptors occurs when a person uses drugs and:

The cell retracts receptors sites to slow down message transmission because there are too many neurotransmitters.

Which of the following is a sign of addiction?

There is continued use despite experiencing physical or psychological problems and consequences.

Compulsive behaviors (e.g., binge eating, anorexia, bulimia, compulsive gambling, sexual compulsion, and Internet addiction) affect many of the same areas of the brain that are influenced by psychoactive drugs.

True

The historical and moral conflict between doing what an individual wants to do (primal urges) versus what he should do when addictive drugs and behaviors are involved.

True

The physical, mental, and emotional effects a person experiences from taking psychoactive drugs are caused by modifications or mimicking of the neurotransmitter's function.

True

Attempts to solve the problems of drug abuse, addiction, and crime focus on demand reduction, supply reduction, and reduction of drug potency.

false