ALL QUIZZES Psychology
true or false Panic attacks usually last 10 minutes to 1 hour.
True
true or false Schizophrenia effects many areas of the brain.
true
For the "big-five" personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, & conscientiousness), people
usually fall at some middle point between the extremes (i.e. are either somewhat introverted or somewhat extraverted)
At birth ________ is the least developed of the five senses
vision
Humans have about _______ genes.
30,000
Scientists that study the link between genes and behavior are called _______.
Behavioral Geneticists
If you have a heart-attack in a busy and crowded city such as New York, you may be less likely to get help than if there were only one person nearby. This is caled the
Bystander Effect
_____ combines techniques for restructuring irrational thoughts with operant and classical conditioning techniques to shape desirable behaviors.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
The tendency of people to adjust their behavior to what others are doing or to adhere to the norms of their culture
Conformity
In Dr. Kemp's study from question 14 (read it again), memory was measured by counting how many words participants could remember from a list of twenty-five words that they were asked to learn. Memory is a
Construct
Variables that are not concrete, such as love or anger, are called
Constructs
A news report on ABC news states that eating french fries increases the risk of a heart attack. The study was mostly likely an example of
Correlational research
Psycholgists use the ______ to help define psychological disorders.
DSM-IV-TR
The manual that clinical psychologists use to diagnose psychological disorders is called the
DSM-IV-TR
Freud said that we use ______ to help us deal with memories or situations that are too damaging to our conscious minds.
Defensive Mechanisms
In an experiment, the variable measured by the experimenter is called the
Dependent variable
Dr. Kemp wants to study how sleep is related to memory. In her study, she brings subjects into the laboratory at 7:00 p.m. and gives them a list of twenty-five words to learn. The subjects sleep in a room at the lab. Half of the subjects are allowed to sleep uninterrupted. The other half are awoken by loud noises every two hours. The next morning, she asks them to write as many of the words as they can recall. The then uses statistical methods to compare the performance of the two groups. Dr. Kemp's study is
Experimental
A generalized, nonspecific set of changes in the body that occur during any episode of extreme stress is called
General Adaptation Syndrome
________ is characterized by a pervasive and excessive state of anxiety lasting at least six months.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A condition in which the thinking of the group takes over and outweighs individual decision making
Group Think
Variation in a trait that stems from genetic, rather than environmental factors. An estimate of the variance within a population that is not due to environment.
Heritability
Accordign to Freud, an impulsive person's ___ is too strong.
ID
According to Freud, an impulsive person has a _____ that is too strong relative to the other parts of the personality.
ID
According to Freud, we are born with only the
ID
A condition that is being recognized in more and more of our combat veterans is
PTSD
Susan believes that there is a government plot against her family. He hears voices, which come from people on Mars, that warn her when a governemnt agent is nearby. Susan has covered the windows of her house with styrofoam to block government rays. Susan is probably suffering from
Paranoid Schizophrenia
In ________ preoperational period, conservation is not possible.
Piaget's
An increase in responsiveness after habituation due to a change in the environment.
Recovery
Dr. Jenkins actually works at a university where all students are female. In her conclusion, Dr. Jenkins stated that vitamins do not help any college students learn. Her sample is not:
Representative
True and False people become steadily more agreeable and conscientious from adolescence to late adulthood.
True
According to Freud, failing to progress through one of teh psychosexual stages of development can result in
a fixation
Bob has an upcoming exam and is somewhat anxious. The day of the exam, Bob feels a little sick. Bob is having
a normal reaction
Learning is
a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience or practice
When a neuron sends a signal to another neuron, the event that travels down the axon is called the
action potential
Mom carries two dominant genes for loose ear lobes. Dad has one gene for attached ear lobes and one gene for loose ear lobes. Of their children
all will have loose ear lobes
Punishment
always decreases the likelihood of behavior
reinforcers
always increase the likelihood of behavior
The visual cliff is
an experimental technique used to study depth perception in young children
Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, PTSD, and Phobias are all examples of
anxiety disorders
The ego uses _____ to protect the mind from anxiety by distorting reality.
defense mechanisms
true or false Humans are very good at detecting lies.
false
true or false It is safe for a pregnant woman to consume alcohol as long as it is less than 4 drinks in a single hour.
false
true or false Kohlbert's initial experiments applied to all humans.
false
true or false Most human psychological traits are entirely determined by our genes.
false
true or false Newborn babies can not engage in any voluntary behaviors
false
true or false Over the course of our lives, humans usually increase in the number of hours we sleep each night.
false
true or false Someone who behaves in a deviant fashion, such as a person who participates in voluntary self-mutilation, must have a psychological disorder.
false
true or false: All memories are stored in a specific brain area known as the Amygdala
false
true or false: Human attention is virtually unlimited
false
true or false: Infants spend 100% of the sleep in REM sleep
false
A very basic form of learning, in which there is a decrease in the strength of a given action after repeated presentation of a stimulus that elicits the response. It most often occurs to autonomic physiological responses.
habituation
Sarah and John break up after dating six months. John was very surprised by the break-up and feels very sad. He does not want to go out with his friends and wants to be alone. John is probably
having a normal reaction
Late Thursday evening, Marsha realizes that she has an exam Friday morning. After taking the exam, Marsha is fairly confident that she failed the test. Marsha
is having a normal reaction
Late Thursday evening, Marsha realizes that she has an exam Friday morning.Marsha has little time to study.When she takes the exam, Marsha experiences some symptoms of anxiety.Marsha
is having a normal reaction
The death of a spouse is an example of a ______ stressor.
life event
The two major categories of stressors discussed in your book
life events and daily hassles
Bipolar disorder can be distinguished from depression because it also has a
manic phase
. Greg is driving down the Main Street, when suddenly he beings to feel an overwhelming sense of dread. About half an hour later, Greg feels normal. Greg
may have had a panic attack
The ability to store and use information is called
memory
Using ROY G BIV to remember the colors of the rainbow is an example of a
mnemonic device
The substance that speeds up neural communication and is wrapped round parts of the axon is called
myelin
Dr. Smith wants to study aggression in children. She observe children on the playground and records the number of aggressive acts that take place, as well as the circumstances surrounding those events. Her study is an example of:
naturalistic observation
Your shoulder hurts. You take a pain pill and it stops hurting. This makes it more likely that you will take a pain pill the next time your shoulder hurts. This example includes
negative reinforcement
The "Big Five" personality traits are:
neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, & conscientiousness
Neurons send information using
neurotransmitters
In Pavlov's classic experiment, the bell began as a
neutral stimulus
Jim teaches fourth grade. He wants his class to perform well on math problems. Jim invents a machine that each student uses to learn math. The machine immediately produces a quarter every time the child answers a math problem correctly. For example, Suzie sees "2 + 2" on the screen. When she pushes "4", she receives a quarter. Jim finds that his students do better learning with this machine than without. The quarter is a
reinforcer
Jim teaches third grade. He wants his class to perform well on math problems. Jim invents a machine that each student uses to learn math. The machine immediately produces a dime every time the child answers a math problem correctly. For example, Suzie sees "5 + 2" on the screen. When she pushes "7", she receives a dime. Assuming that Suzie becomes more likely to push "7" the future when she sees "5+ 2", the dime is a
reinforcer
A _____ view of stress emphasizes both the situation and the individual involved.
relational
The voltage of a neuron when the cell is not sending or receiving input is called its
resting potential
The best type of processing for later recall is
semantic
The "Big Five" personality traits are
•Openness •Conscientiousness •Extraversion •Agreeableness •Neuroticism
Freud said the ______ operates on the reality principle.
Ego
True or False According to Freud, our Ego is totally submerged in our unconscious.
False
True or False: Human memory is all stored in one specific brain area called the memory cortex.
false
true or fale Watching violent TV does not increase the chances that children will engage in violent behavior.
false
true or false
false
true or false According to Freud, our Ego exists totally in the realm of our conscious mind.
false
true or false After 50, adults experience declines across all cognitive dimensions of function.
false
true or false All scientists agree that disassociative identity disorder (DID) is a real psychological disorder.
false
true or false Almost all schizophrenic patients take their antipsychotic drugs as directed by their doctor.
false
true or false As predicted, in Milgram's obedience study, only 10% of subjects administered the lethal 450V shock.
false
According to Walter Mischel's Social-Cognitive learning theory, people's personality traits are
not consistent across all situations, such that a person high in agreeableness may be disagreeable in some situations
Bobby watches a violent cartoon. In the cartoon, a character uses a spoon to pop off a doll's head. Later that night, Bobby uses a spoon to pop the head off his sister's favorite Barbie doll. This is
observational learning
Jan suffers from Obsessive-Compulsive disorder. Jan watches others closely and tries to make sure that no one touches her. When someone does touch Jan (for example, shaking hands) she has to go through a complicated cleansing routine. Jan's thoughts about the germs on other peoples' hands are
obsessive thoughts
true or false: John Watson demonstrated that humans can be classically conditioned.
true
true or false: Over the course of our lives, we gradually decline in the number of hours we sleep each night.
true
true or false: Punishment always makes behavior less likely
true
true or false: Reinforcement always makes behavior more likely.
true
true or false: You are driving down the interstate going 82 miles an hour, when you suddenly see a state trooper hiding in the grass. As you pass, you notice his lights come on. While you had hoped that he was after the car in front of you, it turns out that he really is after you. The officer writes you a speeding ticket. For the next several weeks, you do not speed. The speeding ticket was a positive punisher in scientific terms.
true
In Pavlov's classic experiment, the dog salivating when meat was presented is a(n)
unconditioned response
True or False Attention is virtually unlimited in humans.
False
True or False: A correlation of 0.75 is stronger than a correlation of -0.75.
False
Sarah has a flat tire. While she is not happy, she fixes the issue by changing the tire. She has used
problem-focused coping
When people hear a list of words and remember the words at the end of the list better than those in the middle, they show a
serial position effect and recency effect
Depression is usually associated with the neurotransmitter
serotonin
SSRIs block re-uptake of
serotonin
Many autistic children suffer from
severe language and social impairment repetitive habits and inward focused behaviors hypersensitive to sensory input (all of the above)
During Piaget's concrete operation stage, from ages 6-11, children can perform mental operations as long as
they are dealing with real world objects or events
Robert Adler's taste aversion conditioned rats died more often than rats in the control group because
they experienced conditioned immunosuppression
According to some researchers, non-humans can have a personality.
true
Processing that requires careful attention and effort to encode information is called
effortful processing
True or False: Correlational studies reveal cause and effect
False
True or False: A correlation of- 0.99 means two variables are strongly related
True
"Dr." Smith hosts a popular TV show in which he discusses the paranormal. To "prove" that ghosts are real, "Dr." Smith interviews people on the show and over the phone. "Dr." Smith's work is best described as
psuedoscience
Generally, the longest a human adult can pay attention without any distraction is
15 minutes
The average adult can hold _____ items in short-term memory
7 +-2
On average, the short term memory capacity of an adult human is
7 items
True or False: Astrology is a sub-discipline of psychology
False
True or False: Correlational research can determine cause-and-effect.
False
True or False: Seventy-five percent of all psychologists are clinical psychologists.
False
True or false: A negative correlation of -0.80 between two variables means that they are not related.
False
In an experiment, the variable manipulated by the experimenter is called the
Independent variable
Five steps of the scientific method are
Observing, predicting, testing, interpreting, communicating
In Dr. Kemp's study from question 14 (read it again), memory was measured by counting how many words participants could remember from a list of twenty-five words that they were asked to learn. The number of words recalled is an _____________ for memory.
Operational definition
You want to perform an experiment to see if eating lunch makes people sleepy. You are interested in all humans. To perform your experiment, you recruit 100 volunteers from the Blytheville area. All Humans are your
Population
You want to perform an experiment to see if eating lunch makes people sleepy. You are interested in all humans. To perform your experiment, you recruit 100 volunteers from the Blytheville area. The 100 volunteers are your
Sample
True or False: Experimental research can determine cause-and-effect.
True
True or False: Psychology is a science.
True
Anything that changes between or within individuals is a
Variable
The tendency of people to recall items at the end if a list is known as
a serial position and the recency effect
Dr. Robbins has an interesting patient come to him for counseling. Dr. Robbins believes that this patient might be interesting to other psychologists, so he conducts extensive interviews with the patient and administers several psychological tests. Dr. Robbins reports the results in an article. This work is an example of a(n)
case study
In Pavlov's classic experiment, the dog salivating when the bell rang is a(n)
conditioned response
In Pavlov's classic experiment, after being presented before the meat several times, the bell became a(n)
conditioned stimulus
Dr. Johnson wants to study fear. Dr. Johnson realizes that he cannot observe "fear". So, he decides to define fear as an increase in heart rate. In this example, fear is a ______ and measuring fear as an increase in heart rate is an _______.
construct, operational definition
Jim teaches third grade. He wants his class to perform well on math problems. Jim invents a machine that each student uses to learn math. The machine immediately produces a dime every time the child answers a math problem correctly. For example, Suzie sees "5 + 2" on the screen. When she pushes "7", she receives a dime. Jim finds that his students do better learning with this machine than without. "5+2" on a screen is
discriminitive stimulus
Attending to, taking in, and integrating information into long-term memory is called
encoding
Dr. Martin designs an experiment to see if people eat less when they are hot. Dr. Martin recruits 100 college freshmen to participate in his experiment. In his experiment, participants come into the lab one at a time and are asked to sit in a waiting room before the experiment begins. They are told that they can feel free to enjoy the snacks in the room. Half of the participants wait in a room that is 72 degrees inside. The other half of the participants wait in a room that is 92 degrees inside. Dr. Martin measures how many snacks participants eat. He then compares the two groups to see if his prediction was correct. Dr. Martin's study is
experimental
After ringing the bell alone many times, the dog will stop salivating when he/she hears the bell. This is called
extinction
Smith gets better at giving shots. On Jonny's next ten visits to the dentist, the shots do not hurt any more. Eventually, Jonny stops crying when Dr. Smith walks in the room. Jonny has undergone
extinction
The two major types of long-term memory are
implicit and explicit
Long-term memory based on experience that is not directly recalled is called
implicit memory
Sensory memory
includes iconic and echoic memory, is very brief
Correct or incorrect: Dr. Williams studies the relationship between income and happiness. He asks participants to report their income and to self-report their happiness. Dr. Williams finds that as income increases, happiness also increases. He reports a correlation of 0.80. Dr. Williams concludes that money causes people to be happier. Dr. Williams' conclusion is
incorrect
Dr. Smith wants to conduct as drug trial. Before she can do so, her research plan must be evaluated to determine whether or not it is ethical. The group that will make the final decision is known as the
institutional review board
At a party, you meet a woman named Jenny. You really want to remember her name, so you rehearse it and actually learn her name. Six months later, you meet Jenny for a business meeting. Jenny has changed her name to Suzie. Even though you try to remember her new name, you keep calling her Jenny. You are experiencing
interference
Jonny goes to the dentist for the fist time and is not afraid. The dentist does a bad job giving him and shot and Jonny cries. This also happens on Jonny's second and third visits to the dentist. The fourth time that Jonny goes to the dentist, he starts crying when Dr. Smith walks into the room. In this example, Dr. Smith starts out as the ____ and becomes the _____.
neutral stimulus, conditioned stimulus
Jim teaches third grade. He wants his class to perform well on math problems. Jim invents a machine that each student uses to learn math. The machine immediately produces a dime every time the child answers a math problem correctly. For example, Suzie sees "5 + 2" on the screen. When she pushes "7", she receives a dime. Jim finds that his students do better learning with this machine than without. Pushing "7" is a(n)
operant
Jim teaches third grade. He wants his class to perform well on math problems. Jim invents a machine that each student uses to learn math. The machine immediately produces a dime every time the child answers a math problem correctly. For example, Suzie sees "5 + 2" on the screen. When she pushes "7", she receives a dime. Jim finds that his students do better learning with this machine than without. This is an example of
operant conditioning
Remembering how to play a song on the piano requires you to use
procedural memory
Scientists believe that sleep functions to
restore neural growth, consolidate memory, produce enzymes that protect against cellular damage
Dr. Martin designs an experiment to see if people eat less when they are hot. Dr. Martin recruits 100 college freshmen to participate in his experiment. In his experiment, participants come into the lab one at a time and are asked to sit in a waiting room before the experiment begins. They are told that they can feel free to enjoy the snacks in the room. Half of the participants wait in a room that is 72 degrees inside. The other half of the participants wait in a room that is 92 degrees inside. Dr. Martin measures how many snacks participants eat. He then compares the two groups to see if his prediction was correct. The 100 college freshmen are Dr. Martin's
sample
Dr. Jenkins wants to study determine whether vitamin supplements help college students learn. Dr. Jenkins has 50 college students at the University take vitamin supplements for three months and fifty other students take a placebo pill for the same period of time. Then, she gives the students a learning task and assesses their performance. Dr. Jenkins finds that their scores are not significantly different. Dr. Jenkins concludes that vitamin supplements do not help college students learn. In this study, the 100 college students are Dr. Jenkins ________________ and college students around the world are the _____________ of interest.
sample, population
Dr. Smith gets better at giving shots. On Jonny's next ten visits to the dentist, the shots do not hurt any more. Eventually, Jonny stops crying when Dr. Smith walks in the room. Oddly, two years later on the next visit to the dentist, Jonny cries when Dr. Smith walks in the room. This is
spontaneous recovery
Dr. Martin designs an experiment to see if people eat less when they are hot. Dr. Martin recruits 100 college freshmen to participate in his experiment. In his experiment, participants come into the lab one at a time and are asked to sit in a waiting room before the experiment begins. They are told that they can feel free to enjoy the snacks in the room. Half of the participants wait in a room that is 72 degrees inside. The other half of the participants wait in a room that is 92 degrees inside. Dr. Martin measures how many snacks participants eat. He then compares the two groups to see if his prediction was correct. The dependent variable is
the amount of snacks eaten
Dr. Martin designs an experiment to see if people eat less when they are hot. Dr. Martin recruits 100 college freshmen to participate in his experiment. In his experiment, participants come into the lab one at a time and are asked to sit in a waiting room before the experiment begins. They are told that they can feel free to enjoy the snacks in the room. Half of the participants wait in a room that is 72 degrees inside. The other half of the participants wait in a room that is 92 degrees inside. Dr. Martin measures how many snacks participants eat. He then compares the two groups to see if his prediction was correct. The independent variable is
the room temperature
In an experimental design, the independent variable is
the variable that the experimenter manipulates
True or false: About 50% of psychologists are clinicians and the other 50% are scientists.
true
Jonny goes to the dentist for the fist time and is not afraid. The dentist does a bad job giving him and shot and Jonny cries. This also happens on Jonny's second and third visits to the dentist. The fourth time that Jonny goes to the dentist, he starts crying when Dr. Smith walks into the room. Crying after the shot is a _____ and crying at the sight of Dr. Smith is a ______.
unconditioned response, conditioned response
The main two types of sleep are
REM and non-REM
Sensory memory for sounds is called
echoic memory
A person's primary appraisal of an event
determines whether or not it is a stressor
The "three D's" of a psychological disorder are
deviant, distressing, dysfunctional
Three of the 4 "D's" of psychological disorders are
deviant, distressing, dysfunctional
The sign of a correlation, negative (-) or positive (+) is known as its
direction
true or false: In a study by Elizabeth Loftus, participants viewed a video depicting a car accident. In the video, the glass was not broken on either car. Later, participants were asked one of two questions. One group was asked, "Was there broken glass after the cars smashed into each other?" The other group was asked, "Was there broken glass after the cars hit each other?" Participants asked the first question were more likely to say "yes" than those asked the second question.
true
true or false: behaviors can be reinforced by taking something away.
true
In Pavlov's classic experiment, the meat was a(n)
unconditional stimulus
Jonny goes to the dentist for the fist time and is not afraid. The dentist does a bad job giving him and shot and Jonny cries. This also happens on Jonny's second and third visits to the dentist. The fourth time that Jonny goes to the dentist, he starts crying when Dr. Smith walks into the room. The painful shot is an
unconditioned stimulus
We are most likely to use emotion-focused coping when
we feel that the situation is beyond our control
We are most likely to use problem-focused coping when
we feel that we can change the situation
True or False: The three stages of memory are sensory, buffering, and long-term.
false
True or false The majority of people with an anti-social personality become violent criminals.
false
True or false: Human memory forms a perfect representation of our sensory input, such that our memories are error free.
false
true or false Drug treatments are the only way to treat ADHD
false
true or false Emotion focused coping strategies are always healthy.
false
true or false There are no dreams during non-REM sleep.
false
true or false: Ms. Simpson yells a Bobby for running around the classroom. Bobby does not stop. In fact, Bobby actually spends more time running around the classroom In scientific terms, Ms. Simpson has punished Bobby's running around the classroom.
false
true or false: Ms. Simpson yells a Bobby for running around the classroom. Bobby does not stop. In fact, Bobby actually spends more time running around the classroom In scientific terms, Ms. Simpson has punished Bobby.
false
true or false: Reinforcement usually makes behavior more likely.
false
true or flase At birth, infants only have reflexes such as the rooting reflex and cannot engage in voluntary behaviors.
false
Peg's grandmother tells her that when she was a three year old child, she got to perform on stage with a magician. At first, Peg can only vaguely remember the event, but month's later, Peg is sure that it happened. Two years later, Peg finds out that it was actually is cousin Amber who was at the magic show and the events never happened to Peg. Peg had a
false memory
Pete is in the woods fishing for trout. Suddenly, Pete sees a bob cat on the other side of the stream he is fishing in. Pete's heart races, his blood pressure increases, his pupils widen and he begins to breath fast. Pete is having a(n)
fight-or-flight response
true or false All scientists agree that Disassociative Identity Disorder is a real disorder.
flase
During the ________ stage, adolescents experience the sudden gain of abstract thinking and come to approach all difficult problems using abstract reasoning.
formal operational concerete operational post-operatinal none of the above (correct)
According to Piaget, adolescents are in the
formal operational stage
The genes a person actually has is known as their
genotype
Bob and Shelly's newborn son, Alex, grasps their finger whenever they touch his hand. This is the
grasping reflex
Suzy is startled when she is watching a scary movie and hears a loud pop. This happens several times and Suzie stops being startled. Suzie has
habituated
Question: Jimmy is three years old. He attends pre-K and his teacher thinks he is too roudy and cannot pay attention long enough. She suggests that he may have ADHD. His parents take him to the doctor and he is diagnosed with ADHD and perscribed drugs to treat the problem. Jimmy's doctor
has made an inappropriate diagnosis
The ability to pay attention to some things in our environment while blocking out others is called
selective attention
The level of processing that produces the best recall for long-term memory is
semantic
It is 100% safe for a pregnate woman to drink _____ alcoholic drinks in an hour while pregnant.
0
Piaget called the stage during which infants learn about the world by using their senses and moving their bodies the
sensorimotor stage
The three major types of neurons include
sensory, motor, interneurons
The three stages of Memory are
sensory, short term, long term
A strategy for increasing the capacity of short-term memory in which items are grouped together into meaningful units is called
chunking
As much as _________ of kids in the U.S. are believed to suffer from ADHD
10%
About _____ percent of the population will suffer from an anxiety disorder at some point in thier lives.
29
Around _______ years of age, most children develop a "Theory of Mind".
4
The relative contribution of genes and the environment to the personality trait Neuroticism is about
50/50
The two dimensions of consciousness are
awareness and wakefulness
The part of a neuron that sends information is called the
axon
Biofeedback is used to treat
ADHD
An interdisciplinary field that studies the effects of genes and heredity on behavior. Ranges from psychologists studying twins to researchers using technology to actually manipulate the presence of absence of a gene of interest.
Behavior Genetics
Binge drinking may result in
Brain Damage, liver damage, death ( all of the above)
About 50% of people with a psychological disorder are a danger to society.
False
True or false A person who is famous must be high in extraversion.
False
true or false It is harder to stop using heroin than nicotine.
False
The part of the personality that Freud said operates on the pleasure principle is the
ID
The scientist that discovered classical conditioning was named
Ivan Pavlov
A type of confirmity in which a person yields to the will of another person
Obedience
Unwanted thoughts, words, phrases, or images that persistently and repeatedly come into a person's mind and cause distress along with r epetitive behavior performed in response to uncontrollable rules are characteristic of
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A person who really likes to try new things and considers new ideas is probably high in
Openess
According to Freud, the five stages of development are
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
According to Freud, if a person does not successfully develop during the oral stage, they may develop a fixation such as
Smoking
A phenomenon in which the presence of others improves one's performance.
Social Facilitation
A phenomenon in which the presence of others causes one to relax one's standards and slack off.
Social Loafing
The ________ measures stress in terms of life events.
Social Readjustment Rating Scale
Walter Mischel's, ________ states that people's personality traits are not consistent across all situations.
Social-Cognitive Learning Theory
According to Freud, the part of the personality that controls guilt is the
Super-ego
Freud said the ______ operates on the moralistic principle.
Super-ego
In an experimental design, the dependent variable is
The variable that is measured
Beth is having a conversation with Jim. She starts to say a large word and suddenly find that she cannot think of the word even though she knows that it is somewhere in her memory. This is called the
Tip-of-the- tongue phenomenon
A disposition to behave consistently in a particular way (ex. friendly or rude) is called a ______.
Trait
A person can be awake but not aware.
True
True or false According to Freud, our Id is totally submerged in our unconscious.
True
True or false Personality is generally consistent across time and situations.
True
true or false According to Freud, most of your mind is submerged in unconsciousness.
True
true or false Genes can influence personality traits, such as neuroticism (anxiety).
True
A critical period is
a time when a certain ability must be acquired to develop normally, otherwise it will never develop
Psychology is the scientific study of:
behavior and mental processes
The best treatment for a phobia is
behavioral, such as systematic desensitization
Drug treatments are an example of a _____ approach to treating psychological disorders.
biological
The three major approaches to treating psychological disorders are
biological, psychological, and combined
A difference between depression and bipolar disorder is
bipolar disorder includes a manic phase
A SSRI is a drug that
blocks re-uptake of serotonin
Over the course of a 24 hour period, your alertness changes in a predictable way. At some times you are very alert and at other times you are not. Alertness is on a
circadian rhythm
Some functions of the body change in a regular way over the course of 24 hours (like alertness). Such changes are called
circadian rhythms
Jan is afraid that touching other people might cause her to become ill. She constantly thinks about the germs on peoples' hands. Jan may wash her hands 15 times before becoming satisfied that her hands are clean.Jan's hand washing behavior is
compulsive behavior
In the ______ period, children require real world examples or problems to reason correctly.
concrete operational
Sally goes to a new restaurant and eats sushi for the first time. Unfortunately, Sally had just caught a bad stomach virus an vomits all night. Now, at the thought of sushi, sally feels like vomiting. Sally has acquired a
conditioned taste aversion
Bobby is 3 and in Piaget's preoperational stage. Bobby's teacher pours his milk from a milk carton into a short fat glass. Next, she pours Sally's milk from the same type of carton into a tall thin glass. Bobby gets angry because he is sure Sally has more milk. Bobby is showing a lack of
conservation of liquid
The parts of a neuron that receive information are called the
dendrites
SSRIs are primarily used to treat
depression
Schizophrenia is usually associated with the neurotransmitter
dopamine
The main neurotransimtter associated with schizophrenia is
dopamine
Most therapists in the US today us a ____ approach.
eclectic
According to Freud, the part of your personality that deals with reality is called the
ego
The ability to share the feelings of others is called
empathy
Many psychological disorders are caused by
environmental stressors & genetic predispositions
Jack is walking in the woods and sees a mountain lion about 50 feet away. His heart starts racing, his respiration rate increases, his eyes dilate, and his blood pressure increases. Jack is
having a "fight or flight" response experiencing activation of his Adrenal-medullary system experiencing a normal reaction (all of the above)
In individuals who are _________, stress has been linked to poor cardiovascular health according to the most recent research.
high in hostility
Kohlberg conducted his research using only males as subjects. This means
his results cannot be directly applied to females
Ralph is making a movie. Between two takes of the same scene, a book falls off the desk. Both takes go into the final movie because Ralph's budget does not allow for another take. The audience is not likely to notice because of
inattentional (change) blindness
During ________, humans get more REM sleep than during adulthood.
infancy
Most neurons in the body are
interneurons
The two main types of sleep are
non-REM and REM
Jim teaches fourth grade. He wants his class to perform well on math problems. Jim invents a machine that each student uses to learn math. The machine immediately produces a quarter every time the child answers a math problem correctly. For example, Suzie sees "2 + 2" on the screen. When she pushes "4", she receives a quarter. Jim finds that his students do better learning with this machine than without. Answering the question is a(n)
operant
Jim teaches fourth grade. He wants his class to perform well on math problems. Jim invents a machine that each student uses to learn math. The machine immediately produces a quarter every time the child answers a math problem correctly. For example, Suzie sees "2 + 2" on the screen. When she pushes "4", she receives a quarter. Jim finds that his students do better learning with this machine than without. This is an example of
operant conditioning
Freud's Psychosexual stages are
oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Peter is schizophrenic. Peter believes that he is being persecuted by the U.S. government. Peter's form of schizophrenia is
paranoid
1. The uniquely and relatively enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual are known as _______________ in psychology.
personality
In general,
personality traits are stable over the lifetime. people become steadily more agreeable and conscientious from adolescence to late adulthood. people become more emotionally stable from adolescence to middle adulthood. ( all of the above )
The expression of genes leads to an observable trait. This observable trait is called the
phenotype
Bobby, a schizophrenic male, hears voices telling him to cut off his ear. The voices are an example of ________ symptoms of schizophrenia.
positive
Jim hears voices telling him that everyone wants to kill him. Jim is suffering from schizophrenia. The voices are an example of the _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.
positive
Kohlberg's _____ stage focuses on reward and punishment.
pre-conventional
Kohlberg's three stages of moral development, order of least to most developed are
preconventional, conventional, postconventional
Children in Piaget's _______________ stage tend to display animistic thinking.
preoperational
As a part of _____, a person considers a stressor asks "what does it mean for me?"
primary appraisal
The three major approaches to treating psychological disorders are biological, _____, and combined.
psychological
Sarah is 12 months old. When her mother leaves the room, she cries for a few minutes. When her mother returns, she crawls toward her. After Sarah's mother picks her up, Sarah stops crying. Sarah has probably developed
secure attachment
A condition in which a strong emotional response overwhelms a person's perceived ability to meet the demands of a situation is
stress
A condition in which a strong emotional response overwhelms a person's perceived ability to meet the demands of a situation is called
stress
The Social Readjustment Rating scale measures
stress due to life events
A very effective treatment for phobias is
systematic desensitization
A _____ is any environmental substance that can cause damage in the prenatal period.
teratogen
Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning is mostly based on
the cost or benefit to the individual
During REM sleep
the eyes move rapidly & dreams are more vivid than those during non-REM sleep
True or false: Ms. Simpson yells a Bobby for running around the classroom. Bobby does not stop. In fact, Bobby actually spends more time running around the classroom In scientific terms, Ms. Simpson has somehow reinforced Bobby's running around the classroom.
true
true or false A person could form a phobia to butterflys.
true
true or false At birth, Infants hearing is near adult levels.
true
true or false Austic persons can be very high functioning and even become professionals.
true
true or false Based upon how much eye contact kids are willing to make, trained professionals can correclty identify autistic children more than 50% of the time.
true
true or false Brain development continues from birth through early adulthood
true
true or false During the Anal stage (18-36 months), the key issue is bowel and bladder control.
true
true or false Electroconvulsive therapy is still used to treat depression in extreme cases.
true
true or false Engaging in deviant behavior, such as dressing as the opposite sex, does not necessarily mean that a person has a psychological disorder.
true
true or false In class, we viewed a video in which the scientists were studying change blindness. In the experiment, subjects received a form from one person (an actor). He leaned down "to get something" but was really changing places with another actor. When the second actor finished giving the person their forms, most people failed to notice that a totally different person had suddenly appeared.
true
true or false Males have a greater risk for X-linked disorders than females.
true
true or false Some people diagnosed with autism can function very well and even earn a doctoral degree.
true
true or false Stress can impact a person's heart health.
true
true or false The external environment can change the expression of genes.
true
true or false The principles of classical and operant conditioning have been used as a basis to effectively treat psychological disorders such as autism.
true
true or false Traits like IQ are determined by multiple genes.
true
true or false: Adult humans spend about 20% of their sleeping hours in REM sleep
true
true or false: Emotional memories are often easier to recall than factual memories.
true
true or false: Humans can really learn by classical conditioning just like Pavlov's dogs
true