ALL US History Regents 2013-2016

...The truth of the matter is that Europe's requirements for the next three or four years of foreign food and other essential products— principally from America—are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help, or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character.... — Secretary of State George Marshall, Remarks at Harvard University Commencement, June 5, 1947 In this excerpt, Secretary of State George Marshall is identifying the need to (1) provide economic assistance to struggling European nations (2) allow European workers to settle in the United States (3) install democratic governments in the nations of Western Europe (4) strengthen European military defenses

1

In the latter half of the 1800s, a large labor supply, an abundance of natural resources, and the construction of new railroads contributed most directly to the (1) growth of American industry (2) dependence on imported goods (3) demand for limits on immigration (4) rejection of high tariffs by the United States

1

In the mid-1930s, which action did the federal government take in an attempt to avoid the situations that drew the United States into World War I? (1) passing the Neutrality Acts (2) allowing only the United States Navy to deliver military goods overseas (3) investing money in nations threatened by Germany (4) forming a military alliance with the Soviet Union

1

One way in which Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, and Sojourner Truth are similar is that they all supported the (1) abolitionist movement (2) passage of Black Codes (3) nullification theory of States rights (4) plantation system in the South

1

President George H. W. Bush's decisions to send military aid to Saudi Arabia in 1990 and to conduct the Persian Gulf War in 1991 were consistent with the United States (1) long-term commitment to protecting oil resources (2) determination to appease Saddam Hussein (3) continued application of the Truman Doctrine (4) goal of nuclear disarmament

1

The "dream deferred" in this poem refers to the hopes African Americans had for (1) social and political equality (2) an independent African American nation (3) access to affordable medical treatment (4) separate public accommodations

1

The Lend-Lease Act of 1941 significantly changed United States policy toward nations involved in World War II because it (1) supplied war materials to Allied nations without a declaration of war (2) imposed a trade boycott on Germany and Japan (3) authorized the seizure of British assets in the United States (4) approved the appeasement policies of the French and British governments

1

The Three-fifths Compromise adopted in the Constitution in 1787 had the effect of (1) increasing the representation of southern states in Congress (2) providing a method for ratifying amendments (3) making possible the impeachment of the president (4) allowing the use of the elastic clause in the legislative process

1

The case of Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle that (1) the Supreme Court can declare federal laws unconstitutional (2) the states have power over the federal government (3) the president nominates federal judges (4) Congress can override presidential vetoes

1

The federal government responded to the railroad strikes of 1877 and the Pullman strike of 1894 by (1) using military force against the workers (2) requiring negotiation to resolve the disputes (3) maintaining a neutral position between labor and management (4) providing economic aid to striking workers

1

The phrase "consent of the governed" refers to the (1) source of the government's power (2) need to create political parties (3) commitment to use implied powers (4) development of a federal system of government

1

The situation shown on the map was primarily the result of the (1) continuing disagreement among wartime Allies about Germany's future (2) demand of Great Britain and France that Germany pay harsh reparations (3) desire to conduct war crimes trials for Nazi leaders (4) need to bring a unified Germany into the United Nations

1

This 1863 poster is recruiting African Americans to help (1) defeat the Confederacy in the Civil War (2) assist in the efforts of the Underground Railroad (3) settle land in the South and in border states (4) enforce the terms of the Fugitive Slave Act

1

What is the main idea of this cartoon? (1) President Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to end Supreme Court opposition to the New Deal. (2) Congress refused to pass New Deal legislation. (3) President Franklin D. Roosevelt had not faced any opposition to his New Deal. (4) Congress voted to increase the size of the Supreme Court.

1

What was a result of the Great Compromise during the Constitutional Convention of 1787? (1) creating a two-house legislature (2) banning slavery in Southern states (3) requiring that the president have a cabinet (4) giving the Supreme Court the power to hear cases involving states

1

Which United States foreign policy stated that European powers should no longer expect to establish colonies in the Western Hemisphere? (1) Monroe Doctrine (2) Dollar Diplomacy (3) Good Neighbor Policy (4) Alliance for Progress

1

Which economic issue is the cartoonist addressing? (1) globalization (2) high tariffs (3) transportation costs (4) quality of American cars

1

Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. _________________________________ A. The United States claims the Hawaiian Islands. B. Puerto Rico becomes a United States territory. C. The United States fights an insurrection in the Philippine Islands. D. The United States Senate ratifies the Panama Canal treaty. (1) Rise of American Imperialism (2) Causes of World War I (3) Enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine (4) Trade Expansion in East Asia

1

Which statement best expresses the cartoonist's point of view? (1) Citizens sometimes fail to appreciate the tax-funded benefits provided by government. (2) More social benefits programs are needed for older Americans. (3) Older Americans reject tax-supported government assistance. (4) The Tea Party movement lacks public support

1

"Hoover and Smith Campaign on Radio" "Kennedy Passes Nixon in Polls After Televised Debate" "Obama Raises Record Donations Using the Internet" Which statement about the use of media in political campaigns is illustrated by these headlines? (1) Media bias does not affect the ability of political leaders to communicate with voters. (2) Political leaders adapt to new forms of media to communicate with voters. (3) Electronic media are an ineffective way for political leaders to communicate with voters. (4) Endorsements by the media have the greatest influence on voters.

2

"Somalians Are Still Hungry and at War Despite Efforts of United States Troops" "United States Troops Help Reinstate Haitian President" "United States and NATO Allies Use Air Strikes To Slow Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia" These 1990s headlines illustrate the efforts of the United States to (1) support independence movements (2) act as an international peacekeeper (3) prevent the spread of communism (4) protect United States business investments

2

Under the British system of mercantilism, the American colonies served primarily as a (1) self-sufficient trading partner for other European nations (2) market for British manufactured goods and a source of raw materials (3) source of manpower for the British army and navy (4) buffer to the expansion of French and Spanish colonies

2

Which conclusion about the United States economy during World War II is most clearly supported by the information in the graph? (1) Organized labor conducted frequent strikes during the war years. (2) The war led to improved economic condi- tions. (3) The Gross National Product (GNP) steadily declined during the war years. (4) Unemployment increased throughout the war.

2

Which proposal was most consistent with the goals of the American Federation of Labor under the leadership of Samuel Gompers? (1) government ownership of the transportation and communication industries (2) collective bargaining to reach agreements on wages and hours (3) formation of a third political party to promote union policies (4) organization of unskilled workers into one national union

2

Which headline is reporting the clearest example of the United States Constitution's system of checks and balances? (1) "Environmental Protection Agency Proposes Stricter Air Pollution Controls" (2) "Supreme Court Rules on Arizona Immigration Law" (3) "President Vetoes Defense Spending Bill" (4) "California Passes Strict Gun Control Law"

3

Based on the map, which region of the United States demonstrated the most support for complete voting rights for women before 1919? (1) New England (2) Midwest (3) South (4) West

4

...It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin. This policy shall be put into effect as rapidly as possible, having due regard to the time required to effectuate [implement] any necessary changes without impairing efficiency or morale.... — Section 1, Executive Order 9981 The purpose of Executive Order 9981, issued by President Harry Truman, was to (1) encourage women to join the armed services (2) end racial segregation in the military (3) ensure adequate manpower to fight the Korean War (4) establish war crimes tribunals in Western Europe

2

...The truth of the matter is that Europe's requirements for the next three or four years of foreign food and other essential products— principally from America—are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help, or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character.... — Secretary of State George Marshall, Remarks at Harvard University Commencement, June 5, 1947 The situation in Europe described by Secretary of State George Marshall was the result of the (1) failure of the United Nations to help people in need (2) devastation caused by fighting in World War II (3) construction of the Berlin Wall by the Soviet Union (4) takeover of Greece and Turkey by communists

2

...We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,... This passage suggests that the authority of government (1) originates from the divine right of kings (2) is based on a social contract meant to guarantee individual rights (3) includes the power to seize private property for national defense (4) is the source of all the natural rights of citizens

2

...We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,... Which document includes this passage? (1) Mayflower Compact (2) Declaration of Independence (3) Northwest Ordinance (4) Monroe Doctrine

2

...We may anticipate a state of affairs in which two Great Powers will each be in a position to put an end to the civilization and life of the other, though not without risking its own. We may be likened to two scorpions in a bottle, each capable of killing the other, but only at the risk of his own life.... — J. Robert Oppenheimer, 1953 In this statement, J. Robert Oppenheimer was referring to the (1) benefits of neutrality (2) dangers of the nuclear arms race (3) failures of appeasement (4) positive effects of atomic energy

2

A major reason the American colonists of the 1600s chose to settle along the seacoast and rivers was so that they could (1) export slaves (2) carry out trade (3) protect themselves from Native American Indians (4) use water power to run factory machinery

2

Abraham Lincoln's 1858 warning that "a house divided against itself cannot stand" referred to sectional differences over the (1) treatment of Native American Indians (2) issue of slavery (3) funding for internal improvements (4) treaties with European nations

2

In the late 1800s, many employers used black- listing to (1) end the use of sweatshops (2) discourage workers from joining labor unions (3) restrict the use of open shops (4) promote child labor reform

2

One way in which the elections of President Rutherford B. Hayes (1876) and President George W. Bush (2000) are similar is that in both instances the (1) third-party candidate won electoral votes in several states (2) winner of the electoral vote failed to win the popular vote (3) eventual winner was selected by Congress (4) elections were settled by a special prosecutor

2

One weakness of the Articles of Confederation was the inability of the central government to (1) establish a postal system (2) collect adequate taxes from the states (3) control western lands (4) admit new states to the Union

2

The Federal Reserve System and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) were both established to (1) fund retirement pensions (2) promote economic stability (3) break up business monopolies (4) create public jobs

2

The Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) of 1935 helped organized labor by (1) mandating government control over industry (2) guaranteeing workers the right to collective bargaining (3) banning the closed shop in the workplace (4) requiring all workers to join unions

2

The main idea of the cartoon is that President Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to (1) impeach justices who did not support him (2) control the decisions of the Supreme Court (3) create higher qualifications for justices (4) encourage the Supreme Court to act more efficiently

2

The situation shown in this photograph was most directly the result of (1) legislation in California (2) a presidential executive order during World War II (3) a Supreme Court decision (4) a constitutional amendment

2

These photographs of 19th-century life on the Great Plains indicate that (1) Native American Indians and white settlers used the same building materials for protection (2) Native American Indians and white settlers adapted differently to the same environment (3) white settlers learned farming practices from Native American Indians (4) both Native American Indians and white settlers depended on the buffalo for survival

2

What was a common goal of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution? (1) punishing the South for seceding from the Union (2) granting basic rights to formerly enslaved persons (3) allowing the states to veto federal laws (4) creating a "separate but equal" society

2

What was the major argument of those who opposed ratification of the United States Constitution? (1) The states should not be forced to pay taxes to the federal government. (2) The new constitution did not adequately protect individual liberties against abuse by the federal government. (3) The judicial branch was granted more power than the legislative and executive branches. (4) The federal government did not have enough power to defend the nation against foreign enemies.

2

What was the primary cause of the trends shown on the graph? (1) closing of the western frontier (2) industrialization in the North and the Midwest (3) passage of the Homestead Act (4) completion of the transcontinental railroad

2

Which act of Congress gave President Roosevelt the authority that he demonstrates in this cartoon? (1) Meat Inspection Act (2) Sherman Antitrust Act (3) Underwood Tariff Act (4) Pure Food and Drug Act

2

Which statement about the period from 1918 through 1929 is most clearly supported by information in the graph? (1) The percentage of income controlled by the wealthiest Americans declined. (2) The income gap between the wealthiest fifth and the rest of the population increased. (3) The overall per capita income in the United States declined. (4) The percentage of income controlled by the poor steadily increased.

2

"Attorney General Palmer Orders Raids on Reported Communists" "Senator McCarthy Launches Investigation of Accused Traitors in State Department" "Attorney General Ashcroft Authorizes Use of Wiretaps on Suspected Terrorists" These headlines demonstrate the tension between (1) States rights and federal control (2) Democratic and Republican party platforms (3) national security and individual liberties (4) legislative authority and executive power

3

In Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), the Supreme Court strengthened the federal government's role in the national economy by (1) outlawing the triangular trade (2) banning states from issuing money (3) upholding the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce (4) limiting the growth of corporations

3

One of the main effects of the passage of the Interstate Highway Act of 1956 was the expansion of (1) ridership on long-distance passenger trains (2) immigrant populations (3) communities in the suburbs (4) the airline industry

3

Speaker A: United States expansion should not end when we reach the Pacific Coast. Speaker B: The navy of the United States needs to increase in size to defend our overseas interests. Speaker C: The United States must serve as the military protector of the Western Hemi- sphere. Speaker D: The United States needs to avoid inter- national commitments in order to protect our national interests. Which president's decision demonstrated a commitment to the idea expressed by Speaker A? (1) James K. Polk going to war with Mexico (2) Abraham Lincoln signing the Homestead Act (3) William McKinley annexing the Hawaiian Islands (4) Woodrow Wilson sending troops to pursue Pancho Villa in Mexico

3

The "separate but equal" doctrine established by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) upheld the legality of (1) woman's suffrage in state elections (2) the activities of the Ku Klux Klan (3) racial segregation in public facilities (4) restrictions on voting rights of African Americans

3

The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was passed in an attempt to (1) increase United States exports (2) safeguard the health of workers (3) regulate the amount of money in circulation (4) protect national forests from destruction

3

The instructions referred to in this public notice resulted in the (1) deportation of most Japanese aliens to Japan (2) protection of the homes and property of Japanese Americans (3) removal of Japanese Americans to internment camps (4) drafting of all young Japanese American men into the United States military

3

The main idea of the cartoon is that President Barack Obama (1) is determined to end President Lyndon B. Johnson's foreign policy commitments (2) is better prepared than President Lyndon B. Johnson to lead the nation in war (3) should learn from President Lyndon B. Johnson's failure in Vietnam (4) should follow the advice of President Lyndon B. Johnson

3

Upton Sinclair ,Ida M. Tarbell ,and Lincoln Steffens were considered muckrakers because they (1) opposed railroad monopolies (2) criticized the growing power of labor unions (3) raised concerns about the negative effects of industrialization (4) supported the need for reforms in education

3

What is the main idea of this 1967 cartoon? (1) Desertion by United States soldiers was widespread. (2) The domino theory no longer applied to Southeast Asia. (3) The United States policy of expanding the war in Indochina would be filled with hazards. (4) A bridge into Laos and Cambodia helped United States soldiers invade Asia.

3

What was a primary goal of President Thomas Jefferson's 1803 decision to purchase the Louisiana Territory? (1) studying Native American Indian societies (2) mining gold and silver in California (3) gaining control of the port of New Orleans (4) securing access to the iron ore deposits near the Great Lakes

3

Which New Deal agency was created to provide employment for individuals such as the man in the photograph? (1)Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) (2) Social Security Administration (SSA) (3) Works Progress Administration (WPA) (4)Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

3

Which activity is illustrated in this photograph? (1) picketing against United States involvement in World War I (2) making a statement of support for the League of Nations (3) protesting the nation's denial of woman's suffrage (4) supporting punishment of Germany for causing World War I

3

Which book title is accurately matched with the book's theme? (1) Uncle Tom's Cabin—political machine corruption (2) The Jungle—environmental conservation (3) How the Other Half Lives—urban poverty (4) The Grapes of Wrath—racial discrimination

3

Which geographic feature did the British government use in 1763 as a boundary to restrict the westward settlement of American colonists? (1) St. Lawrence River (2) Rocky Mountains (3) Appalachian Mountains (4) Mississippi River

3

Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. _____________________________________ A. Disputes over tariff rates B. Introduction of slavery into the territories C. Demands of abolitionists D. Disagreements over States right (1) Reasons for the American System (2) Successes of Third Political Parties (3) Causes of Sectionalism (4) Justifications for Economic Reform

3

Which principle was dealt with in the Supreme Court decisions in Schenck v. United States (1919) and Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)? (1) States rights (2) voting rights (3) freedom of speech (4) freedom of assembly

3

Which quotation is correctly paired with the document in which it is found? (1) "...the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed." — Washington's Farewell Address (2) "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal..." — Monroe Doctrine (3) "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation..." — Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (4) "We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union..." — Declaration of Independence

3

Which statement best expresses President Theodore Roosevelt's philosophy on regulating big business? (1) Regulation of big business should be left to the states. (2) Any regulation of big business is undesir- able. (3) Abusive trusts should be broken up by a vigilant federal government. (4) Government ownership of key industries will benefit consumers.

3

Which statement most accurately describes the meaning of this 1896 cartoon? (1) Western farmers have no market for their products. (2) Grazing and water rights cause conflict in western states. (3) Eastern businesses profit from western farming. (4) Cattle and grain add little to the wealth of the United States.

3

"No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color." — Section 2, Voting Rights Act of 1965 The specific goal stated in this section of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was to (1) expand the use of property qualifications (2) establish voter qualifications such as literacy tests (3) stop fraudulent voting in large cities (4) remove barriers to voting based on racial background

4

...I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people. Let us all here assembled constitute ourselves prophets of a new order of competence and of courage. This is more than a political campaign; it is a call to arms. Give me your help, not to win votes alone, but to win in this crusade to restore America to its own people. —Franklin D. Roosevelt, Acceptance Speech, Democratic National Convention, 1932 In this statement, Franklin D. Roosevelt promised to (1) build up the military (2) reduce government interference in business (3) end an isolationist foreign policy (4) provide government assistance to combat the Great Depression

4

A major impact of the 24th amendment banning poll taxes and of the 1965 Voting Rights Act was the (1) increase in the number of Jim Crow laws (2) movement to create a new political party for Hispanics (3) decrease in voting among African American women (4) elimination of discriminatory voting practices against African Americans

4

Based on the information provided by the cartoon, President Theodore Roosevelt's goal was to (1) persuade businesses to accept nationalization (2) assist businesses in resisting interference by investors (3) establish worker safety regulations in factories (4) use federal power to control monopolies

4

One purpose of the GI Bill (Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944) was to (1) end racial segregation in the military (2) replace the draft with an all-volunteer military (3) maintain troop strength at World War II levels (4) give educational aid to returning veterans

4

One reason Jacob Riis published many photographs similar to this was to (1) disprove claims of yellow journalists (2) encourage government assistance for poor farmers (3) promote the use of child labor (4) increase public concern over tenement conditions

4

One way in which the Supreme Court decisions in Mapp v. Ohio (1961), Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), and Miranda v. Arizona (1966) are similar is that each resulted in (1) more legal searches without warrants (2) fewer gun control regulations (3) additional limitations on religious freedom (4) expanded rights for people accused of crimes

4

President George Washington's response to the Whiskey Rebellion (1794) and President Dwight Eisenhower's response to events at Little Rock High School (1957) show that the (1) Supreme Court has often declared presidential actions unconstitutional (2) federal supremacy clause of the Constitution is rarely enforced (3) states have been successful in defying federal law (4) president may use troops to enforce federal decisions

4

Speaker A: United States expansion should not end when we reach the Pacific Coast. Speaker B: The navy of the United States needs to increase in size to defend our overseas interests. Speaker C: The United States must serve as the military protector of the Western Hemi- sphere. Speaker D: The United States needs to avoid inter- national commitments in order to protect our national interests. Which speaker's statement best expresses the reason that many United States senators rejected the Treaty of Versailles after World War I? (1) A (2) B (3) C (4) D

4

The Great Migration of African Americans between 1915 and 1930 was mainly a movement from (1) cities to suburban developments (2) northern farms to northern cities (3) southern cities to free land in the West (4) the rural South to northern cities

4

The air corridors shown on the map were used during the airlift in 1948 and 1949 to (1) bomb the city of Berlin (2) fly combat troops into the Soviet sector (3) prevent a Soviet invasion of West Germany (4) overcome a Soviet blockade of Berlin in East Germany

4

The power of judicial review was established when (1) the original United States Constitution was adopted (2) an amendment was added to the United States Constitution (3) President Thomas Jefferson established the power in an executive order (4) the Supreme Court issued its ruling in Marbury v. Madison (1803)

4

The presidency of Richard Nixon was weakened by his (1) policies on the environment (2) trip to the People's Republic of China (3) foreign policy toward the Soviet Union (4) involvement in the Watergate scandal

4

The scientists working on the Manhattan Project during World War II were responsible for (1) designing weapons for the D-Day invasion (2) building satellites to spy on the Axis nations (3) creating materials for biological and chemical warfare (4) developing the atomic bomb

4

The shelter pictured in this handbook was designed to help Americans survive (1) global climate changes (2) pandemic diseases (3) natural disasters (4) nuclear war

4

The war crimes trials of German military officials after World War II and of Saddam Hussein during the Iraq War (2003-2011) both demonstrate the principle that (1) only nations are considered responsible for wartime actions (2) international law may not be applied to national leaders (3) protection of civil liberties depends on the circumstances at the time (4) leaders can be held accountable for crimes against humanity

4

This cartoon was published in response to the (1) ratification of the 22nd amendment limiting presidential terms (2) influence of third-party candidates in presidential elections (3) decision of the Supreme Court establishing the "one man-one vote" principle (4) dispute over the presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore

4

This photograph taken during World War II shows the (1) deportation of Japanese Americans to Japan (2) arrival of new Japanese immigrants in California (3) migration of Japanese American families to the East Coast (4) relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps

4

Which New Deal agency had the creation of new jobs as its primary goal? (1) Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) (2) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) (3) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (4) Works Progress Administration (WPA)

4

Which event during the civil rights movement is most closely associated with President Dwight Eisenhower? (1) granting permission for the March on Washington (2) urging the Brooklyn Dodgers to sign Jackie Robinson (3) supporting the sit-ins in Greensboro, North Carolina (4) using federal troops to integrate schools in Little Rock, Arkansas

4

Which foreign policy toward Europe did President George Washington recommend in his Farewell Address? (1) military alliances (2) internationalism (3) imperialism (4) neutrality

4

Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. ___________________________________ A. House of Burgesses B. Mayflower Compact C. New England town meetings (1) British System of National Government in North America (2) Colonial Responses to the Practice of Salutary Neglect (3) British Attempts to Control Colonial Govern- ments (4) Colonial Efforts at Self-Government

4

Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. _________________________________ A. House of Burgesses B. Mayflower Compact C. New England town meetings D. Albany Plan of Union (1) Early Colonial Documents (2) Limits on Representative Government (3) Contributions of the Enlightenment (4) Foundations of American Democracy

4

Which issue did the Virginia Plan,the New Jersey Plan, and the Great Compromise address at the Constitutional Convention (1787)? (1) the power to regulate interstate commerce (2) the number of justices on the Supreme Court (3) a system for electing the president (4) a method of determining state representation in Congress

4

A primary reason the Antifederalists opposed ratification of the United States Constitution in 1787 was because the Constitution failed to (1) include a bill of rights (2) provide for a strong national defense (3) restrict immigration (4) extend voting rights to women

1

During the 1790s, the primary goal of United States foreign policy was to (1) preserve the nation's neutrality during European conflicts (2) increase the nation's trade with Asia (3) expand westward by signing new military alliances (4) make the nation into a major colonial power

1

During the colonial era,the British promoted the policy of mercantilism to (1) control the commerce of their American colonies (2) promote colonial trade with France and Spain (3) ban all trade between the British colonies in North America (4) restrict the importation of enslaved Africans

1

Few restrictions were placed on immigration to the United States in the late 19th century primarily because immigrants (1) would work for low wages (2) provided a rich source of investment capital (3) would add to the diversity of the population (4) faced little opposition from citizens

1

From 1870 to 1900, business leaders in the United States often attempted to increase productivity, maximize profits, and decrease costs by (1) reducing competition through the formation of trusts (2) increasing benefits for industrial workers (3) supporting the passage of strict antitrust laws (4) preventing foreign investment in the United States

1

In the 1920s, the passage of the Quota Acts and the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti illustrate that many Americans were (1) intolerant of ethnic minorities (2) committed to racial integration (3) worried about foreign wars (4) determined to increase immigration

1

A major goal of President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society program was to (1) contain communism in Southeast Asia (2) create a space program (3) reduce poverty in the United States (4) cut domestic programs to balance the budget

3

After the Civil War, many owners of large plantations in the South responded to the loss of enslaved labor by (1) hiring Irish immigrants to do the work of freedmen (2) selling their plantations to formerly enslaved persons (3) creating tenant farms and sharecropping (4) paying wages to farmworkers who had migrated from the North

3

Based on the United States Constitution, the census helps to determine the number of (1) presidential candidates (2) members of congressional subcommittees (3) electoral votes assigned to each state (4) senators from each state

3

Brinkmanship, the domino theory, and massive retaliation are elements of United States foreign policy associated with the (1) Revolutionary War (2) Civil War (3) Cold War (4) War on Terror

3