Allied Health Chapter 6

Triglycerides

A lipid that has three fatty acids attached to the three-carbon compound called glycerol

Saturated

A(n) ___ fatty acid is completely filled with hydrogen atoms.

Partial hydrogenated oils

Manufacturers use ___ to increase the shelf life of foods and to decrease rancidity.

short and medium-chain fatty acids

travel as a water-soluble molecule through the portal vein to the liver

they have fewer double bonds.

Compared to foods made with unprocessed plant oils, partially hydrogenated oils are less likely to go rancid because

Convert liquid oils into more solid fats

Food manufactures use the process of hydrogenation to

Saturated fats

Foods high in ___ ___ are composed of long-chain acids.

Long-chain

Foods high in saturated fats are typically solid at room temperature and contain ___ ___ fatty acids.

lipid

Glycerol and fatty acids are both by-products of digestion.

small intestine

Glycerol, fatty acids, monoglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipid fragments are all end products of lipid digestion that occurs in the

Oxidation

Saturated and trans fatty acids tend not to go rancid because they are less likely to undergo ___, a chemical process that alters the compound's structure.

Straight

The chemical structures of trans and saturated fatty acids are similar because they both have a ___ shape.

Lipids

The class of nutrients that consist of triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.

cholecystokinin

The hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to release digestive enzymes is called

Trans

What form of unsaturated fatty acid contains a chemical structure similar to that of saturated fatty acids.

Saturated

___ Fats are solid at room temperature

Fatty

___ acids can be saturated or unsaturated

Unsaturated

___ fats are liquid at room temperature

Trans; saturated

___ fats produced during the hydrogenation process closely resemble the structure of ___ saturated fats due to the altered chemical structure that results during this process.

trans

___ fatty acid allows the carbon chain to remain straighter.

Cis

___ fatty acid causes the carbon chain to bend.

Pancreatic Lipase

a digestive enzyme that removes two fatty acids from each triglyceride molecule.

A long-chain fatty acid

a fatty acid that contains 14 or more carbon atoms in length

long-chain fatty acids

reformed into a triglyceride in the intestinal absorptive cell and travels through the lymphatic system