Am. His. ch. 15
How did Republicans generate the economic power they needed to fight a successful war in the early 1860s?
they revolutionized U.S. banking, monetary and tax structures
How did Abraham Lincoln justify the Emancipation Proclamation?
A military necessity
Where did the bloodiest day of the Civil War, September 17, 1862, occur?
Antietam Creek, Maryland
What event marked the official beginning of armed hostilities between the North and South?
Confederates firing on Fort Sumter
Who led the Union forces to victory at the Battle of Shiloh?
Ulysses S. Grant
How many of the fifteen slave states joined the Confederacy?
11
How did Northerners view the war once it began?
As a struggle to preserve the Union
Who went on to found the Red Cross after serving as a nurse in Union battlefield units during the war?
Clara Barton
When the Civil War ended, how did President Lincoln view his postwar burdens?
Feared they would weigh almost as heavily as those of wartime
Which general won the battle of Gettysburg?
George G. Meade
Why did President Lincoln choose not to make the Civil War a struggle over slavery?
He doubted his power to tamper with the "domestic institutions" of any state
After his victory at Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 1864, what action did General Ulysses S. Grant take?
He launched a massive military campaign that would take his troops on a sweep through Virginia down to Louisiana
What was General William T. Sherman's strategy for defeating the Confederates in Georgia in 1864?
He orchestrated a scorched-earth military campaign aimed at destroying the will of the southern people
Why did the "twenty-Negro law" enrage many white Southerners during the Civil War?
It exempted from military service one white man on every plantation with twenty or more slaves
What disadvantage did the South face when it came to supplying the Confederate armies?
It lacked the resources available to the North
How did President Lincoln attempt to stifle opposition to the war?
Lincoln suppressed free speech
Describe the fighting between Generals Grant and Lee in Virginia in May and June of 1864?
More union soldiers died, but because Grant had twice as many troops as Lee, his losses were equivalent.
What problem did President Lincoln face during the election of 1864?
The Democrats had an excellent chance of winning
What was the result of the Battle of Vicksburg in July 1863?
The Union army's victory opened up a large portion of the Mississippi River
Describe African Americans' experiences in the Union army?
The Union placed blacks in segregated units
What was the significance of the Battle of Shiloh?
The Union victory ruined the Confederacy's chances to take control of the West
What was the significance of the first battle at Manassas (or Bull Run) in July 1861?
The Union's defeat encouraged Lincoln to authorize the enlistment of one million more men for three years
What was the purpose of the 1862 Homestead Act?
The act offered Western land to settlers who would live and labor on it
Aside from leading to the legal destruction of slavery, how did the Civil War itself help destroy slavery in practice?
The discipline necessary to keep slavery intact was disrupted
What irony emerges when considering the wartime leadership of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis?
The inexperienced Lincoln proved to be a more adept leader than the seasoned Davis
What did Southern clergymen think about the Civil War?
They believed God had blessed slavery and the new nation
Why did some states in the Upper South opt for secession from the Union?
They felt betrayed, believing that Lincoln had promised to achieve a peaceful reunion
What was the result of strikes by workers in northern industries during the Civil War?
They rarely succeeded.
Why did white Southerners from all classes enlist to fight Yankees?
They wanted to ensure that blacks remained subordinate to whites
What did Lincoln consider the biggest obstacle to the acceptance of emancipation in the Union?
White fears that freed slaves would disrupt Northern society
