American History Chap 15

impact of emancipation

Former slaves occupied and farmed their own plots of land. Former slaves built their own churches and schools on the plantation. Former slaves no longer lived in communal housing, but had their own quarters.

Why did Congress bring articles of impeachment against Andrew Johnson

He violated the Tenure of Office Act.

describing the first state that gave women the right to vote.

In 1869, Wyoming became the first state in the Union to establish woman suffrage because of the need to attract settlers.

Why did former slaves believe that landownership was the cornerstone of freedom

It allowed for the development of black communities independent of white control. They were entitled to the land because of their unpaid labor.

Why did northern Republican support for Reconstruction diminish in the 1870s

Many believed that the federal government had created the conditions of freedom, and success was now up to blacks. Many of the Radical Republicans who had established the Reconstruction plan had died. Many northerners believed that the South should be able to solve its own problems.

describing the different political offices black men filled during Reconstruction.

More than 2,000 African-American men held public office during Reconstruction. They were elected into positions at all levels of government, including the House of Representatives, the U.S. Senate, and as governor of Louisiana. This represented a fundamental shift in power in the South.

Why did southerners oppose Reconstruction

Poor southern whites did not experience the improvement to their economic situation as they had hoped. Southern whites could not accept the idea of blacks' equality. Reconstruction governments were corrupt.

different visions of freedom in the Reconstruction South.

The former slaves defined freedom as the right to mobility, education, political participation, and landownership. Southern whites defined freedom as a privilege, not a right. Northern Republicans believed freedom was the right of labor to compete and advance in society.

ways does the contract limit the freedom of the laborers

The freedmen are required to compensate the landowner if they miss work for a day. The freedmen are contractually obligated to "obey" the landowner.

describing the new systems of labor that emerged in the South

The task system survived in the rice kingdoms of South Carolina and Georgia, while wage labor was preferred in Louisiana's sugar plantations. Sharecropping came to dominate in the cotton and tobacco regions of Virginia and North Carolina.

carpetbaggers

Their name suggests they packed all of their belongings in a suitcase and left their homes eager to take advantage of opportunities in the South. Northern whites relocated to the South after the Civil War. Southern whites believed they had come simply for economic gain.

scalawags

These were wartime Unionists who cooperated with the Republicans to prevent "rebels" from returning to power. Southern whites supported the Republican Party and were believed to be traitors to their race by many southern whites.

How did the new state constitutions drafted during Radical Reconstruction expand public responsibilities and provide for equal rights?

They created state-run and funded institutions like orphanages, prisons, and homes for the insane. They established a state-funded free public education system.

Black Codes attempt to regulate the lives of former slaves

They denied blacks the right to serve in state militias. They prohibited blacks from serving on juries. They did not allow blacks to vote. They denied blacks the right to testify in court against whites.

How did the Reconstruction amendments change the Constitution

They established the federal government as the protector of rights. They expanded the definition of citizenship to include non-whites.

Why was education so important to freed blacks?

They wanted to prepare to participate in the economic marketplace. They wanted the opportunity to take part in politics. They wanted to be able to read the Bible.

statements that describe sharecropping

a compromise between blacks' desire for landownership and whites' need to discipline their labor force preferred by former slaves because it allowed them to work without white supervision required farmers to divide the crop with the landowner at the end of the year guaranteed planters a stable labor force

groups the Ku Klux Klan targeted

blacks who became landowners African-American political leaders white Republicans teachers

ways in which blacks celebrated their freedom.

by attending mass meetings and religious services by traveling by purchasing guns and alcohol

describe the Reconstruction amendments

consisted of three amendments, which ultimately led to the incorporation of black Americans into society as citizens served as the constitutional basis for the civil rights movement of the 1960s

How did Congress attempt to eradicate the power of the Ku Klux Klan

enforcement acts

describe the Civil Rights Bill of 1866

ensured all citizens enjoyed a set of basic rights defined all persons born in the United States as citizens

objectives of the Freedmen's Bureau.

establish schools for blacks settle disputes between blacks and whites provide aid to the poor and aged secure equal treatment for blacks before the courts

The Republicans in Congress were unified in their vision for Reconstruction.

false

The United States was the only society to experience problems with labor during the transition from slavery to freedom.

false

The new state governments under the control of Republicans failed to improve life in the South during Reconstruction.

false

functions of the black churches in the Reconstruction South.

housed schools a place of worship a political gathering spot a place for social gatherings

components of Andrew Johnson's plan for Presidential Reconstruction.

pardon nearly all white southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the Union abolition of slavery state conventions to establish new, loyal state governments appointment of provisional governors repudiation of secession refusal to pay Confederate debts

provisions of the Radical plan for Reconstruction

temporary division of the South into military districts creation of new state governments state guarantees of black men's right to vote the Fourteenth Amendment

factors that contributed to the weakening of northern support for Reconstruction

the Supreme Court's failure to fully uphold the rights of blacks northern journalists' depictions of the failure of southern black leadership the economic depression of the early 1870s the growth of Democratic power in Congress

Former slaves believed that their political freedom should include the right to vote.

true

Former slaves worked to reunite and stabilize their families in the Reconstruction period

true

The Bargain of 1877 decided the election of 1876 in favor of the Republicans, while the Republicans promised to recognize Democratic control of the South, essentially ending Reconstruction.

true

The Fifteenth Amendment divided the women's movement, as some of its leaders, who were disappointed that it didn't enfranchise woman, separated from their former antislavery allies, while others stayed aligned with them in support of the greater cause for equal rights for all.

true

The Fifteenth Amendment prohibited the federal and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote because of race.

true

The Fourteenth Amendment established the principle of citizenship for all persons born in the United States and empowered the federal government to protect the rights of all Americans.

true

The Ku Klux Klan was a racially motivated terrorist organization that spread throughout the entire South during Reconstruction

true

The Liberal Republican Party began to side with Democrats in believing that the federal government's power had grown too much during the war and needed to be curtailed.

true