American Red Cross Lifeguard TEST
As the only lifeguard performing CPR on an 7-year old, you would perform cycles of...
30 chest compressions and 2 ventilations.
As an only life guard preforming CPR on a 7 year old child you would preform a cycle of...?
30 compressions 2 ventilations
A patron has slurred speech is unable to lift her right arm with her left arm and is unable to smile without one side of her face drooping. You make note of the time when the symptoms started. What is she having?
A Stroke
A victim has slurred speech, cannot lift their right arm level with the left, is unable to smile and half her face is drooping. What would you assume has happened?
A stroke.
A patron cuts her leg on the bleachers and is bleeding severely. You can tell she may be in shock because she may...
Becomes restless and irritable
You and another lifeguard are preparing for CPR on an adult. You find no pulse and no breathing and state "Victim has no pulse. Begin CPR." What should the second lifeguard do next?
Begin chest compressions.
you come upon a scene where a patron appears to be injured. Before approaching the victim what should you do to size up the scene?
Begin primary assessment
You are coming up to a scene where a patron appears to be injured. While making sure the scene is safe, what should you NOT do?
Begin the primary assessment of the victim.
A boy clutches at his chest and has problems breathing. After obtaining consent for care, his mom informs you that he has asthma, but he does not have his inhaler nearby. What care should you provide?
Call EMS and place the victim in a position that helps breathing.
CPR should be preformed on victims whho are in...?
Cardiac arrest
During a primary assessment, what should you check first (after ensuring the scene is safe)?
Check the victim for responsiveness.
You are performing CPR when a second lifeguard arrives. What is most appropriate for the second lifeguard to do first?
Check to see whether EMS personell have been called.
when doing a primary assessment what should you evaluate first?
Check victim for consciousness/ responsiveness
What is the universal sign that a person is choking?
Clutching the throat.
You must keep checking a victim's LOC in a secondary assessment. What does the "C" in LOC stand for?
Consciousness.
What is the fist step in the cardiac chain of survival?
Early recognition +access to EMS
What is the first step in the Cardiac Chain of Survival?
Early recognition and access to emergency medical services (EMS) system.
You pull an adult **from the water**. After a primary assessment, you conclude the victim has a pulse but is breathing irregularly. You should...
Give 2 initial ventilations. **THIS IS TO CLEAR THE AIRWAY OF ANY WATER THAT MAY BE PRESENT, SINCE YOU PULLED THIS VICTIM FROM THE WATER.**
A patron appears to be having a diabetic emergency. What should you do?
Give them something to drink, such as a non-diet soda, a fruit juice, or, if these are not available, a glass of water with table sugar dissolved in it.
When giving chest compressions to an adult, how do you position your hands?
Heel of one hand on the center of the chest with the other hand on top.
The purpose of a secondary assessment is to...
Identify and care for conditions that are not life threatening.
CPR Should be performed on a victim who is...
In Cardiac Arrest or unconscious with an obstructed airway.
When giving abdominal thrusts, where should you position your fist?
In the middle of the abdomen, just above the navel.
When immobilizing an injured patron's arm...
Leave the arm in the position you find it or in the position the patron is holding it.
Sudden illness can be identified by many things, including...
Loss of vision or blurred vision, changes in skin condition, or nausea/vomiting.
You find an unconscious victim in the locker room should you move them to the first aid room.
No, there is no immediate danger
If there is a risk of the AED pads touching each other on a small child or infant, you should...
Place one pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back.
When applying the AED, you notice the victim has several body piercings on their chest. How should you place the pads accordingly?
Place the pads on their chest, being sure to avoid the jewelry.
When providing care to a conscious infant who is choking, it is most appropriate to...
Position the infant so the head is lower than the chest.
When providing care to a conscious infant who is choking, which of the following is most appropriate?
Positioning the infant so the head is lower than the chest
an AED indicates that "No shock is advised" what should you do?
Preform CPR for 2 minutes
After summoning EMS for a victim who is conscious and bleeding severely, and after obtaining consent and putting on gloves, what should you do next?
Press firmly against the wound with a sterile dressing and apply bandaging.
When giving a primary ventilation to an adult who is unconscious and not breathing, you notice the chest is not rising. What should you do next?
Re-tilt the head and attempt another ventilation.
While preparing to use an AED on a victim, you notice a medication patch on the chest, where the AED pads need to go. What should you do with this patch?
Remove the patch using a gloved hand.
What is the first step you should take in treating a victim with burns?
Remove the victim from the source of the burn.
when caring for musculoskeletal injuries what does RICE stand for?
Rest Immobilize Cold Elevate
When caring for musculoskeletal injuries, what does RICE stand for?
Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevate
You are using a resuscitation mask to give ventilations to a child. After **positioning** the mask, what should you do?
Seal the mask.
A victim is severely bleeding you think she is in shock because...?
Shes restless and irritable
a way to remember the questions to ask when taking a brief history is to use SAMPLE. What does each letter stand for?
Signs and symptoms Allergies Medications Pertinent past medical history Last oral intake Event leading up to the incident
When providing care during an emergency what should you first do?
Size up the scene
What should you do when first approaching the scene of an emergency?
Size up the scene, make sure it is safe for you to interact.
You notice a child is choking on food at the concession stand. After activating your EAP and getting consent from the parents, what should you do next?
Stand or kneel behind the victim and give 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts.
You are performing CPR on a victim when you notice the chest begins to rise and fall. What do you do first?
Stop CPR and reassess the victim's breathing and pulse. If the breathing is not regular, continue CPR as though no breathing were present.
You are providing care to a victim having a heart attack. What should you do first?
Summon EMS
You are providing care for a victim having a heart attack. What should you do first?
Summon EMS Personell.
A victim is having a seizure in the water. What should you do?
Support the victim with his or her head above water until the seizure ends.
Upon approaching a scene where someone appears to be hurt, you would commence a primary assessment. In this period, you would NOT check something like...
Swelling, or anything that is non-life-threatening.
The AED advises a shock should be given. What should you do next?
Tell everyone to stand clear of the victim.
To ensure effective chest compressions during CPR, what should be noted?
The chest is able to fully recoil between compressions.
You are giving ventilations through a resuscitation mask, and the victim vomits. What should you do?
Turn the victim as a unit onto his or her side (similar to HAINES recovery position).
When providing care to a conscious infant who is choking, what part of the hand would you use to give chest thrusts?
Two or Three fingers.
What is most true about bag-valve-mask resuscitators (BVMs)?
Two rescuers need to operate the BVM.
How can you protect yourself from possible blood borne pathogens transmission when providing care?
Use PPE such as Disposable Gloves Breathing Barrier/Mask
How can you protect yourself from possible bloodborne pathogens when treating a victim?
Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as disposable gloves and a breathing barrier.
A lifeguard can no longer see some of the patrons at one side of the swimming area from his station because of glare from the afternoon sun. To maintain effective patron surveillance, the lifeguard should:
a. Adjust his position slightly to remove the glare spot from his surveillance area.
To ensure effective chest compressions during CPR, which of the following is most appropriate?
a. Allowing the chest to fully recoil between compressions
Once you have turned on the automated external defibrillator (AED), you should:
a. Apply the pads and allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythm.
You are about to apply AED pads to a victim's chest when you notice that the victim has several body piercings with jewelry on his chest. Which of the following should you do?
a. Apply the pads to the chest, making sure to avoid the jewelry.
Which of the following is most essential to use when giving ventilations to protect you and the victim from disease transmission?
a. CPR breathing barriers
You have sized up the scene and determined the scene is safe. When performing a primary assessment, which of the following would you do next?
a. Check for responsiveness
During a weather-related power failure at a facility, you should:
a. Clear everyone from the pool.
Which of the following is a primary responsibility of a lifeguard?
a. Enforcing facility rules and regulations and educating patrons about them
You and another lifeguard find an unconscious adult on the floor in the locker room. You activate your facility's EAP, size-up the scene and perform a primary assessment. You find the victim is not moving or breathing, but has a pulse. You should summon EMS personnel, then:
a. Give 1 rescue breath about every 5 seconds.
you are providing care to a pool maintenance worker who has fallen off a ladder. The victim is conscious. What should you do first?
obtain consent from the victim
when using a rescue mask what should you do?
place broad end of mask between lower lip and chin
when providing care to a conscious infant who is choking what do you do?
position infant with head lower than chest
an injured patron is conscious and is bleeding severely. After calling EMS(911) obtaining consent and putting on disposable gloves what should you do?
press firmly against the wound with a sterile dressing
A victim is severely bleeding after you call EMS put on disposable gloves and get consent you should...?
press firmly against the wound with sterile dressing
if there is a risk of the AED pads touching each other such as with a small child or infant what should you do?
put one on the middle of the chest and one on the middle of the back
when preparing to use an AED you notice a medication patch on the victims chest what should you do?
remove patch with gloved hand
what is the first step you should taking caring for a burn victim
remove victim from source of burn
you are caring for an unconscious adult who is not breathing you give 1 ventilation and notice his chest does not rise. What should you do next?
retilt the head and try again
you are positioned above the childs head and are using mask to give ventilations. After you position the mask what should you do?
seal the mask
changes in LOC such as feeling light headed dizzy or becoming unconscious
signs and symptoms of sudden illness
changes in breathing; the person may have trouble breathing or may not be breathing normally
signs and symptoms of sudden illness
changes in skin color (pale, ashen or flushed skin)
signs and symptoms of sudden illness
diarrhea
signs and symptoms of sudden illness
difficulty speaking or slurred speech
signs and symptoms of sudden illness
loss of vision or blurred vision
signs and symptoms of sudden illness
nausea or vomitting
signs and symptoms of sudden illness
numbness or weakness
signs and symptoms of sudden illness
paralysis or an inability to move
signs and symptoms of sudden illness
persistent pressure or pain
signs and symptoms of sudden illness
seizures
signs and symptoms of sudden illness
severe headache
signs and symptoms of sudden illness
sweating
signs and symptoms of sudden illness
you and another life guard are giving ventilations using a BVM you position the mask what does the other life guard do?
squeeze with both hands
when performing CPR you notice the victims chest begins to rise and fall what should you do?
stop CPR and monitor condition
what should you do if a victim has a seizure in the water?
support victim with head above water until seizure ends
An AED has advised that a shock should be given what should you do next?
tell everyone to stand clear
as you are giving ventilations with a rescue mask and the victim vomits what should you do?
turn victim as a unit on his side finger sweep
during a swim meet the bleachers collapse you check the scene and notice several people appear injured who do you approach first?
unconscious victims
What should you use when giving ventilation to protect you and the victim from disease transmission?
use a CPR breathing barrier/ mask
should you summon EMS personnel for a victim with an open wound with the bone protruding?
yes
when giving abdominal thrusts to an adult where do you position your fist?
mid abdomen just above belly button
the cycle of chest compressions and ventilations in 2 man CPR for an infant?
15 compressions and 2 ventilations
when using a BVM it requires__________ rescuers.
2
when providing care to a conscious infant who is choking what part of your hand should you use?
2-3 fingers
you are preparing to give ventilations to a 5 year old you give 1 ventilation about every ___________ seconds.
3
Which of the following pieces of equipment need to be easily accessible for emergency use:
b. Backboard, AED
where should you place your hands when giving chest compressions to an infant
1 hand on forehead 2-3 fingers on center of chest
If you have a victim that is an adult and is unconscious with a pulse but is not breathing, what rate should you perform rescue breathing at?
1 ventilation every 5 seconds.
While at the snack bar a child grabs his throat. You ask him if he is choking and he nods yes. You activate the facility's emergency action plan. You tell him you a life guard and get consent from his parents. What should you do next?
1) Stand/kneel behind victim 2) give 5 back blows 3) followed by 5 abdominal thrusts
A child is wheezing and grabbing his chest. after obtaining consent his mother tells you he has asthma but does not have his inhaler nearby. What care should you provide?
1) Summon EMS 2) Place victim in positions that helps breathing
a person has been injured and is conscious. you should:
1) obtain consent 2) check for life threatening conditions 3) find out what happened
when giving a child CPR you should do so at the rate of ______ compressions per minute.
100
When compressing a child's chest for CPR, how many should compressions should you give per minute?
100 BPM (This is roughly the tempo of the song "Staying Alive" by the BeeGees. Ironically, it is also the tempo of "Another One Bites The Dust" by Queen. You can choose how optimistic you feel).
The cycle of chest compressions and ventilations in two-rescuer CPR for an infant is...
15 chest compressions and 2 ventilations.
During a second assessment, the SAMPLE acronym is used to collect important information. What does the "A" in SAMPLE stand for?
Allergies.
To ensure effective chest compression during CPR you should...?
Allow chest to fully recoil between chest compressions
The bleachers at a swim meet suddenly collapse. Out of all the symptoms in the crowd, you should first care for...
An unconscious victim.
Once you have turned on the AED, you should...
Apply the pads and allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythm.
You were preforming CPR on an adult how deep should you compress the chest?
At least 2 inches
How deep should you compress the chest when giving CPR to an adult?
At least 2 inches. (2 inches or more)
What are signs and symptoms of respiratory distress
Audible high pitched gurgling
Where should you place your hands when giving CPR to an infant?
One hand on the forehead and two or three fingers on the center of the chest.
An infant is crying uncontrollably. You could safely assume that their airway is...
Open.
After an AED says "No Shock Advised," it is best to...
Perform CPR for about 2 minutes.
When using a resuscitation mask, what should you do?
Place (and seal) the mask with the broad end between the chin and the lower lip.
13. A head, neck or spinal injury rarely happens:
a. In deep water at a supervised facility.
5. For a head, neck or spinal injury in deep water:
a. Minimize movement of the victim's head and neck using the head splint technique.
You enter the mechanical room and find a maintenance worker lying on his back on the floor next to a ladder. You check the scene and determine it is safe to enter. During your primary assessment, you find the victim is unconscious but breathing. You must leave to get help, what should you do?
a. Move him into the H.A.IN.E.S. position.
If there is a risk of the AED pads touching each other, such as with a small child or an infant, you should:
a. Place one pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back.
When caring for musculoskeletal injuries, what does RICE stand for?
a. Rest, immobilize, cold, elevate
Which of the following is true if the manager of the facility has assigned you as the only lifeguard conducting patron surveillance?
a. You have been assigned to total coverage.
7. While scanning the pool, you witness a patron struggling while swimming and then go under water. Which of the following applies?
a. You have duty to act and perform the appropriate rescue.
Once you turn in the AED you should...?
apply pads and allow AED to analyze heart rhythms
you are about to apply AED pads to a victims chest that has several body piercings on the chest what should you do?
apply pads making sure to avoid the jewelry
When compressing a child's chest during CPR, you should compress at a rate of at least how many compressions per minute?
b. 100
The cycle of chest compressions and ventilations in two-rescuer CPR for an infant is:
b. 15 chest compressions and 2 ventilations.
During a swim meet, the bleachers behind your guard station suddenly collapse. As you check the scene, you notice several people who appear injured. Who should you approach first?
b. A man who appears unconscious.
You notice a patron that is swimming laps who suddenly slips under water without a struggle and does not resurface. This person is probably:
b. A passive victim who needs help.
17. Two lifeguards are on surveillance duty during a public swim. You are on a break. One lifeguard activates the facility's EAP for a submerged passive victim and enters the water. Which steps should you take next to assist in the rescue?
b. Bring the backboard to the lifeguard and assist in removing the victim from the water as the other lifeguard clears the pool.
The hazard communication standard includes having MSDS information available. What is included in this information?
b. Contains information about what type of chemicals are in use at the facility
A lifeguard keeps an eye on the patrons of the pool, checking the bottom, middle and surface of the water. He is demonstrating:
b. Effective scanning.
During in-service training, lifeguards practice the steps of recognizing a distressed swimmer, rescuing an active victim, informing management and speaking with witnesses. The lifeguards are practicing parts of a(n):
b. Emergency action plan.
A technique to minimize movement for a victim with a suspected head, neck or spinal injury who is face-down, at the surface and in water less than 3 feet deep is the:
b. Head splint technique.
The purpose of the secondary assessment is to:
b. Identify and care for conditions that are not life threatening.
You are providing care to a patron who started choking on some food. The victim becomes unconscious. Which of the following should you do first?
b. Lower the victim carefully to the ground and open his airway.
A person has been injured and is conscious. You should:
b. Obtain consent, check the victim for life-threatening conditions and speak with the victim to find out what happened.
Working with other lifeguards, facility staff and supervisors as a team is:
b. One of the primary responsibilities of a lifeguard.
When caring for a suspected head, neck or spinal injury in water, proper manual in-line stabilization is:
b. Provided using the head splint technique.
You are a lifeguard on surveillance duty during a busy family swim session. It is important to:
b. Scan all areas in your assigned zone of coverage and carry your rescue tube with you at all times.
A 12-year-old boy at a swim meet grabs his chest and begins to make wheezing noises. After you obtain consent to provide care, his mother informs you that he has a history of asthma, but does not have his inhaler nearby. What care should you provide?
b. Summon more advanced medical personnel and place the victim into a position that
you are providing care to someone who has become unconscious while choking on some food what should you do first?
lower person to ground and open airway
you and another life guard are preparing to do CPR on an adult victim. You determine there is no breathing or pulse and state "begin CPR" What should the other lifeguard do?
begin chest compressions
You are preparing to give ventilations to a 5-year-old boy using a resuscitation mask. You should give 1 ventilation about every:
c. 3 seconds
While scanning your zone, you notice a person motionless in the water. The steps you follow in a water emergency are performed in the following order:
c. Activate the EAP, enter the water, perform an appropriate rescue, move the victim to a safe exit point, remove the victim from the water and provide emergency care as needed.
A way to remember the questions to ask when taking a brief history is to use the acronym SAMPLE. What does the A in SAMPLE stand for?
c. Allergies
You come upon a scene where a patron appears to be injured. Before approaching the victim, which of the following will you not do as you size-up the scene?
c. Begin the primary assessment.
A patron dives into the shallow end of the lap pool. You suspect she has a head, neck or spinal injury because she has:
c. Blood in the ears and nose.
Signs and symptoms of sudden illness do not include:
c. Bruising or rigidness of the abdomen.
You are performing CPR on a victim and a second lifeguard arrives. Which of the following is most appropriate for the second lifeguard to do first?
c. Check to see whether EMS personnel have been called.
What does the C stand for in LOC?
c. Consciousness.
After removing a conscious victim you suspect has a spinal injury from the water, you should do all the following except:
c. Dry the victim off and apply the pads of an AED.
Which of the following is the least important for a safe group visit to a pool?
c. Ensuring there are multiple activities planned for the group
You are lifeguarding during a family swim session when you notice a swimmer swimming full lengths of the pool under water. What should you do?
c. Immediately stop him from continuing the activity and explain the dangers of the activity.
Primary responsibilities of a lifeguard include:
c. Inspecting the pool and rescue equipment before the facility opens and paying close attention to patrons in the water by actively scanning the assigned area. b. Move the victim directly onto a backboard.
A woman collides with another swimmer while diving into the pool and asks the lifeguard for help. Without doing an assessment, the lifeguard tells the woman she can continue swimming. The woman leaves the facility and seeks medical attention from a hospital after she begins to feel tingling sensations in her arms and legs. The lifeguard may be:
c. Negligent.
You are providing care to a facility maintenance worker who has fallen off the top of a ladder. The victim is conscious. Which of the following should you do first?
c. Obtain consent from the victim to provide care.
Where should you place your hands when giving chest compressions to an infant during CPR?
c. One hand on the forehead and one hand on the chest
CPR should be performed on which of the following victims?
c. One who is in cardiac arrest
What is the first step you should take in caring for a victim with burns?
c. Remove the victim from the source of the burn.
Which of the following is true about accidental fecal releases (AFRs)?
c. Require water treatment, temporary pool closure and immediate lifeguard attention.
When providing care during an emergency, which of the following should you do first?
c. Size-up the scene.
A patron starts running on the deck. You blow your whistle to get her attention. Next, you enforce the rules and regulations by:
c. Telling her she could slip or fall and she must walk on the deck.
Which of the following statements about bag-valve-mask resuscitators (BVMs) is most accurate?
c. Two rescuers need to operate the BVM.
If three lifeguards are on duty, emergency back-up coverage takes place:
c. When a lifeguard enters the water for a rescue.
you have sized up the scene and determined it is safe. Then performing a primary assessment what should you do next?
check for responsiveness
You are preforming CPR on a victim and a 2nd life guard arrives. What should the second life guard do first?
check whether EMS has been summoned
what is the universal sign for choking
clutching throat
you come upon a scene where someone appears to be hurt. During the primary assessment you should check for all of the following:
consciousness breath bleeding
For which of the following should you summon EMS personnel?
d. A victim with an open leg wound with the bone protruding
As the first lifeguard on the scene, you are performing CPR on an adult. When performing chest compressions, how deeply should you compress the chest?
d. At least 2 inches
What is the first step of the Cardiac Chain of Survival?
d. Early recognition and access to the emergency medical services (EMS) system
It is the primary responsibility of facility management to provide all but which of the following?
d. Educating patrons about and enforcing facility rules
3. A man is unexpectedly pushed from behind and falls from the deck into the water and is in distress. After you activate the emergency action plan (EAP), what are included in your next steps.
d. Extend a rescue tube to him while remaining on deck, then provide any additional care.
You pull an unconscious adult from the water who is taking infrequent gasps. During the primary assessment you find that the victim has a pulse. What should you do next?
d. Give 2 initial ventilations.
To effectively scan, you must:
d. Move your head and eyes as you scan to look directly at each area rather than staring in a fixed direction.
When giving abdominal thrusts to an adult, where should you position your fist?
d. On the rib cage
An injured patron is conscious and bleeding severely. After summoning EMS personnel, obtaining consent and putting on disposable gloves, what is your next care step?
d. Press firmly against the wound with a sterile dressing and bandage.
A mother and her son walk over to you; she states that he fell on the pool deck and hit his head. You notice he has blood and fluid running from his ear and he is feeling dizzy. What steps should you take next?
d. Provide manual stabilization while the other lifeguards prepare to backboard him.
You are positioned above the child's head and are using a resuscitation mask to give ventilations. After you position the mask, which of the following should you do next?
d. Seal the mask.
While having a snack in the concession area, a child suddenly clutches his throat with both hands. You ask him if he is choking and he frantically nods yes. You activate your facility's emergency action plan (EAP). You identify yourself as a lifeguard and obtain consent from the parents. What should you do next?
d. Stand or kneel behind the victim and give 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts.
You are providing care to a victim having a heart attack. Which of the following would you do first?
d. Summon EMS personnel.
If a victim is having a seizure in the water:
d. Support the victim with his or her head above water until the seizure ends.
An AED has advised that a shock should be given. Which of the following is appropriate?
d. Tell everyone to stand clear of the victim.
While caring for someone with a suspected spinal injury, you secure the straps on a backboard in the following order:
d. Upper chest, hips, thighs
How can you best protect yourself from possible bloodborne pathogen transmission when providing care?
d. Use personal protective equipment (PPE), such as disposable gloves and a breathing barrier, when providing care.
When providing care to a conscious person you suspect of having a head, neck or spinal injury and who was injured from a fall on the pool deck:
d. You do not move the victim unless the scene becomes unsafe.
The lifeguard supervisor expects the pool to be very busy in the afternoon. For effective patron surveillance, she sets up multiple lifeguard stations to reduce the number of patrons watched by each lifeguard. This type of coverage is called:
d. Zone coverage.
During a primary assessment you do not find a pulse what should you do?
expect cardiac arrest begin CPR
you determine that a victim in unconscious but breathing while waiting for EMS how should you position a victim?
face up
You and another life guard find an unconscious adult on the floor in the locker room. You activate EAP , size up scene, and preform primary assessment. You find the victim not breathing but has a pulse. You call 911 then...?
give 1 breath every 5 seconds
You pull an unconscious adult from the water who is taking infrequent gasps. During the primary assessment you find the victim has a pulse. What should you do next?
give 2 initial ventilations
a victim is having a diebetic emergency. What should you do?
have them drink a fruit juice
when giving chest compressions to an adult how should you position your hands?
heel of 1 hand in center of chest other hand on top
the purpose of the secondary assessment is to:
identify and care for conditions that are not life threatening
How would you know if an infants airway is open?
if the baby is crying
When immobilizing a victims injured arm you should...?
leave it in the position you found it in
when checking a victim during the secondary assessment and you notice changes in her LOC what does LOC stand for?
level of consciousness
